diff --git a/vms/platformvm/blocks/builder/helpers_test.go b/vms/platformvm/blocks/builder/helpers_test.go
index cc8c7706002f..30a0755452f2 100644
--- a/vms/platformvm/blocks/builder/helpers_test.go
+++ b/vms/platformvm/blocks/builder/helpers_test.go
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ func newEnvironment(t *testing.T) *environment {
 
 	res.atomicUTXOs = avax.NewAtomicUTXOManager(res.ctx.SharedMemory, txs.Codec)
 	res.uptimes = uptime.NewManager(res.state)
-	res.utxosHandler = utxo.NewHandler(res.ctx, res.clk, res.state, res.fx)
+	res.utxosHandler = utxo.NewHandler(res.ctx, res.clk, res.fx)
 
 	res.txBuilder = txbuilder.New(
 		res.ctx,
diff --git a/vms/platformvm/blocks/executor/helpers_test.go b/vms/platformvm/blocks/executor/helpers_test.go
index f077d0421d71..e260d7c5bb69 100644
--- a/vms/platformvm/blocks/executor/helpers_test.go
+++ b/vms/platformvm/blocks/executor/helpers_test.go
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ func newEnvironment(t *testing.T, ctrl *gomock.Controller) *environment {
 	if ctrl == nil {
 		res.state = defaultState(res.config, res.ctx, res.baseDB, rewardsCalc)
 		res.uptimes = uptime.NewManager(res.state)
-		res.utxosHandler = utxo.NewHandler(res.ctx, res.clk, res.state, res.fx)
+		res.utxosHandler = utxo.NewHandler(res.ctx, res.clk, res.fx)
 		res.txBuilder = p_tx_builder.New(
 			res.ctx,
 			res.config,
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ func newEnvironment(t *testing.T, ctrl *gomock.Controller) *environment {
 		genesisBlkID = ids.GenerateTestID()
 		res.mockedState = state.NewMockState(ctrl)
 		res.uptimes = uptime.NewManager(res.mockedState)
-		res.utxosHandler = utxo.NewHandler(res.ctx, res.clk, res.mockedState, res.fx)
+		res.utxosHandler = utxo.NewHandler(res.ctx, res.clk, res.fx)
 		res.txBuilder = p_tx_builder.New(
 			res.ctx,
 			res.config,
diff --git a/vms/platformvm/txs/builder/builder.go b/vms/platformvm/txs/builder/builder.go
index 9ac71c1f03ca..14570ed7db82 100644
--- a/vms/platformvm/txs/builder/builder.go
+++ b/vms/platformvm/txs/builder/builder.go
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ func New(
 	cfg *config.Config,
 	clk *mockable.Clock,
 	fx fx.Fx,
-	state state.Chain,
+	state state.State,
 	atomicUTXOManager avax.AtomicUTXOManager,
 	utxoSpender utxo.Spender,
 ) Builder {
@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ func New(
 type builder struct {
 	avax.AtomicUTXOManager
 	utxo.Spender
-	state state.Chain
+	state state.State
 
 	cfg *config.Config
 	ctx *snow.Context
@@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ func (b *builder) NewImportTx(
 	switch {
 	case importedAVAX < b.cfg.TxFee: // imported amount goes toward paying tx fee
 		var baseSigners [][]*secp256k1.PrivateKey
-		ins, outs, _, baseSigners, err = b.Spend(keys, 0, b.cfg.TxFee-importedAVAX, changeAddr)
+		ins, outs, _, baseSigners, err = b.Spend(b.state, keys, 0, b.cfg.TxFee-importedAVAX, changeAddr)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("couldn't generate tx inputs/outputs: %w", err)
 		}
@@ -310,7 +310,7 @@ func (b *builder) NewExportTx(
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("amount (%d) + tx fee(%d) overflows", amount, b.cfg.TxFee)
 	}
-	ins, outs, _, signers, err := b.Spend(keys, 0, toBurn, changeAddr)
+	ins, outs, _, signers, err := b.Spend(b.state, keys, 0, toBurn, changeAddr)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("couldn't generate tx inputs/outputs: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -354,7 +354,7 @@ func (b *builder) NewCreateChainTx(
 ) (*txs.Tx, error) {
 	timestamp := b.state.GetTimestamp()
 	createBlockchainTxFee := b.cfg.GetCreateBlockchainTxFee(timestamp)
-	ins, outs, _, signers, err := b.Spend(keys, 0, createBlockchainTxFee, changeAddr)
+	ins, outs, _, signers, err := b.Spend(b.state, keys, 0, createBlockchainTxFee, changeAddr)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("couldn't generate tx inputs/outputs: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -398,7 +398,7 @@ func (b *builder) NewCreateSubnetTx(
 ) (*txs.Tx, error) {
 	timestamp := b.state.GetTimestamp()
 	createSubnetTxFee := b.cfg.GetCreateSubnetTxFee(timestamp)
-	ins, outs, _, signers, err := b.Spend(keys, 0, createSubnetTxFee, changeAddr)
+	ins, outs, _, signers, err := b.Spend(b.state, keys, 0, createSubnetTxFee, changeAddr)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("couldn't generate tx inputs/outputs: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -436,7 +436,7 @@ func (b *builder) NewAddValidatorTx(
 	keys []*secp256k1.PrivateKey,
 	changeAddr ids.ShortID,
 ) (*txs.Tx, error) {
-	ins, unstakedOuts, stakedOuts, signers, err := b.Spend(keys, stakeAmount, b.cfg.AddPrimaryNetworkValidatorFee, changeAddr)
+	ins, unstakedOuts, stakedOuts, signers, err := b.Spend(b.state, keys, stakeAmount, b.cfg.AddPrimaryNetworkValidatorFee, changeAddr)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("couldn't generate tx inputs/outputs: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -478,7 +478,7 @@ func (b *builder) NewAddDelegatorTx(
 	keys []*secp256k1.PrivateKey,
 	changeAddr ids.ShortID,
 ) (*txs.Tx, error) {
-	ins, unlockedOuts, lockedOuts, signers, err := b.Spend(keys, stakeAmount, b.cfg.AddPrimaryNetworkDelegatorFee, changeAddr)
+	ins, unlockedOuts, lockedOuts, signers, err := b.Spend(b.state, keys, stakeAmount, b.cfg.AddPrimaryNetworkDelegatorFee, changeAddr)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("couldn't generate tx inputs/outputs: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -519,7 +519,7 @@ func (b *builder) NewAddSubnetValidatorTx(
 	keys []*secp256k1.PrivateKey,
 	changeAddr ids.ShortID,
 ) (*txs.Tx, error) {
-	ins, outs, _, signers, err := b.Spend(keys, 0, b.cfg.TxFee, changeAddr)
+	ins, outs, _, signers, err := b.Spend(b.state, keys, 0, b.cfg.TxFee, changeAddr)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("couldn't generate tx inputs/outputs: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -562,7 +562,7 @@ func (b *builder) NewRemoveSubnetValidatorTx(
 	keys []*secp256k1.PrivateKey,
 	changeAddr ids.ShortID,
 ) (*txs.Tx, error) {
-	ins, outs, _, signers, err := b.Spend(keys, 0, b.cfg.TxFee, changeAddr)
+	ins, outs, _, signers, err := b.Spend(b.state, keys, 0, b.cfg.TxFee, changeAddr)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("couldn't generate tx inputs/outputs: %w", err)
 	}
diff --git a/vms/platformvm/txs/executor/create_chain_test.go b/vms/platformvm/txs/executor/create_chain_test.go
index 07f0f08b54cb..cca302f73b9a 100644
--- a/vms/platformvm/txs/executor/create_chain_test.go
+++ b/vms/platformvm/txs/executor/create_chain_test.go
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ func TestCreateChainTxAP3FeeChange(t *testing.T) {
 			defer func() {
 				require.NoError(shutdownEnvironment(env))
 			}()
-			ins, outs, _, signers, err := env.utxosHandler.Spend(preFundedKeys, 0, test.fee, ids.ShortEmpty)
+			ins, outs, _, signers, err := env.utxosHandler.Spend(env.state, preFundedKeys, 0, test.fee, ids.ShortEmpty)
 			require.NoError(err)
 
 			subnetAuth, subnetSigners, err := env.utxosHandler.Authorize(env.state, testSubnet1.ID(), preFundedKeys)
diff --git a/vms/platformvm/txs/executor/create_subnet_test.go b/vms/platformvm/txs/executor/create_subnet_test.go
index 7999b6395502..4a202ef226d8 100644
--- a/vms/platformvm/txs/executor/create_subnet_test.go
+++ b/vms/platformvm/txs/executor/create_subnet_test.go
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ func TestCreateSubnetTxAP3FeeChange(t *testing.T) {
 				require.NoError(shutdownEnvironment(env))
 			}()
 
-			ins, outs, _, signers, err := env.utxosHandler.Spend(preFundedKeys, 0, test.fee, ids.ShortEmpty)
+			ins, outs, _, signers, err := env.utxosHandler.Spend(env.state, preFundedKeys, 0, test.fee, ids.ShortEmpty)
 			require.NoError(err)
 
 			// Create the tx
diff --git a/vms/platformvm/txs/executor/helpers_test.go b/vms/platformvm/txs/executor/helpers_test.go
index 1ec3d69fae76..e18f3e15862a 100644
--- a/vms/platformvm/txs/executor/helpers_test.go
+++ b/vms/platformvm/txs/executor/helpers_test.go
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ func newEnvironment(postBanff bool) *environment {
 
 	atomicUTXOs := avax.NewAtomicUTXOManager(ctx.SharedMemory, txs.Codec)
 	uptimes := uptime.NewManager(baseState)
-	utxoHandler := utxo.NewHandler(ctx, &clk, baseState, fx)
+	utxoHandler := utxo.NewHandler(ctx, &clk, fx)
 
 	txBuilder := builder.New(
 		ctx,
diff --git a/vms/platformvm/utxo/handler.go b/vms/platformvm/utxo/handler.go
index 825c9114e436..501bb23cfcfd 100644
--- a/vms/platformvm/utxo/handler.go
+++ b/vms/platformvm/utxo/handler.go
@@ -75,6 +75,7 @@ type Spender interface {
 	//                   the staking period
 	// - [signers] the proof of ownership of the funds being moved
 	Spend(
+		utxoReader avax.UTXOReader,
 		keys []*secp256k1.PrivateKey,
 		amount uint64,
 		fee uint64,
@@ -149,25 +150,23 @@ type Handler interface {
 func NewHandler(
 	ctx *snow.Context,
 	clk *mockable.Clock,
-	utxoReader avax.UTXOReader,
 	fx fx.Fx,
 ) Handler {
 	return &handler{
-		ctx:         ctx,
-		clk:         clk,
-		utxosReader: utxoReader,
-		fx:          fx,
+		ctx: ctx,
+		clk: clk,
+		fx:  fx,
 	}
 }
 
 type handler struct {
-	ctx         *snow.Context
-	clk         *mockable.Clock
-	utxosReader avax.UTXOReader
-	fx          fx.Fx
+	ctx *snow.Context
+	clk *mockable.Clock
+	fx  fx.Fx
 }
 
 func (h *handler) Spend(
+	utxoReader avax.UTXOReader,
 	keys []*secp256k1.PrivateKey,
 	amount uint64,
 	fee uint64,
@@ -183,7 +182,7 @@ func (h *handler) Spend(
 	for _, key := range keys {
 		addrs.Add(key.PublicKey().Address())
 	}
-	utxos, err := avax.GetAllUTXOs(h.utxosReader, addrs) // The UTXOs controlled by [keys]
+	utxos, err := avax.GetAllUTXOs(utxoReader, addrs) // The UTXOs controlled by [keys]
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, nil, nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("couldn't get UTXOs: %w", err)
 	}
diff --git a/vms/platformvm/utxo/handler_test.go b/vms/platformvm/utxo/handler_test.go
index c5eb2f6bc607..b377b8b5113a 100644
--- a/vms/platformvm/utxo/handler_test.go
+++ b/vms/platformvm/utxo/handler_test.go
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 
-	"github.com/ava-labs/avalanchego/database/memdb"
 	"github.com/ava-labs/avalanchego/ids"
 	"github.com/ava-labs/avalanchego/snow"
 	"github.com/ava-labs/avalanchego/utils/crypto/secp256k1"
@@ -41,11 +40,7 @@ func TestVerifySpendUTXOs(t *testing.T) {
 	h := &handler{
 		ctx: snow.DefaultContextTest(),
 		clk: &mockable.Clock{},
-		utxosReader: avax.NewUTXOState(
-			memdb.New(),
-			txs.Codec,
-		),
-		fx: fx,
+		fx:  fx,
 	}
 
 	// The handler time during a test, unless [chainTimestamp] is set
diff --git a/vms/platformvm/vm.go b/vms/platformvm/vm.go
index 7b9a82ea1339..016942f80a61 100644
--- a/vms/platformvm/vm.go
+++ b/vms/platformvm/vm.go
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ func (vm *VM) Initialize(
 	}
 
 	vm.atomicUtxosManager = avax.NewAtomicUTXOManager(chainCtx.SharedMemory, txs.Codec)
-	utxoHandler := utxo.NewHandler(vm.ctx, &vm.clock, vm.state, vm.fx)
+	utxoHandler := utxo.NewHandler(vm.ctx, &vm.clock, vm.fx)
 	vm.uptimeManager = uptime.NewManager(vm.state)
 	vm.UptimeLockedCalculator.SetCalculator(&vm.bootstrapped, &chainCtx.Lock, vm.uptimeManager)