feat: Allow various types of text input

[VincentSmedinga]

This allows the types of password, email, url and phone for Text Inputs.

I’ve added initial documentation to each type and to the existing examples for disabled and invalid inputs and placeholder text.

[RubenSibon]

Not much to add to Aram's comments. When those are addressed the branch is good for merging.

[dlnr]

I'm missing a unit test for the type. Not that I personally miss this or think it should be necessary but we've been pretty strict about testing everything.