Introduction

This repository contains a collection of resources and papers on Large language model of Medical AI, General Medical AI (GMAI).

Review Paper

[17 July 2023] Large language models in medicine
Arun James Thirunavukarasu, Darren Shu Jeng Ting, Kabilan Elangovan, Laura Gutierrez, Ting Fang Tan & Daniel Shu Wei Ting
Nature Medicine [Paper]

[29 July 2023]The shaky foundations of large language models and foundation models for electronic health records
Michael Wornow, Yizhe Xu, Rahul Thapa, Birju Patel, Ethan Steinberg, Scott Fleming, Michael A. Pfeffer, Jason Fries & Nigam H. Shah
npj Digital Medicine [Paper]

Paper

[Google]

Towards Conversational Diagnostic AI
Tao Tu, Anil Palepu, Mike Schaekermann, Khaled Saab, Jan Freyberg, Ryutaro Tanno, Amy Wang, Brenna Li, Mohamed Amin, Nenad Tomasev, Shekoofeh Azizi, Karan Singhal, Yong Cheng, Le Hou, Albert Webson, Kavita Kulkarni, S Sara Mahdavi, Christopher Semturs, Juraj Gottweis, Joelle Barral, Katherine Chou, Greg S Corrado, Yossi Matias, Alan Karthikesalingam, Vivek Natarajan
Arxiv [Paper]
11 Jan 2024

Towards Generalist Biomedical AI
Tao Tu, Shekoofeh Azizi, Danny Driess, Mike Schaekermann, Mohamed Amin, Pi-Chuan Chang, Andrew Carroll, Chuck Lau, Ryutaro Tanno, Ira Ktena, Basil Mustafa, Aakanksha Chowdhery, Yun Liu, Simon Kornblith, David Fleet, Philip Mansfield, Sushant Prakash, Renee Wong, Sunny Virmani, Christopher Semturs, S Sara Mahdavi, Bradley Green, Ewa Dominowska, Blaise Aguera y Arcas, Joelle Barral, Dale Webster, Greg S. Corrado, Yossi Matias, Karan Singhal, Pete Florence, Alan Karthikesalingam, Vivek Natarajan Google Research, Google Deepmind
Arxiv [Paper]
26 Jul 2023

** Towards Expert-Level Medical Question Answering with Large Language Models** Karan Singhal, Tao Tu, Juraj Gottweis, Rory Sayres, Ellery Wulczyn1, Le Hou, Kevin Clark, Stephen Pfohl, Heather Cole-Lewis, Darlene Neal, Mike Schaekermann, Amy Wang, Mohamed Amin, Sami Lachgar, Philip Mansfield, Sushant Prakash, Bradley Green, Ewa Dominowska, Blaise Aguera y Arcas, Nenad Tomasev, Yun Liu, Renee Wong, Christopher Semturs, S. Sara Mahdavi, Joelle Barral, Dale Webster, Greg S. Corrado, Yossi Matias, Shekoofeh Azizi, Alan Karthikesalingam and Vivek Natarajan
Arxiv [Paper]
16 May 2023

Large language models encode clinical knowledge
Karan Singhal, Shekoofeh Azizi, Tao Tu, S. Sara Mahdavi, Jason Wei, Hyung Won Chung, Nathan Scales, Ajay Tanwani, Heather Cole-Lewis, Stephen Pfohl, Perry Payne, Martin Seneviratne, Paul Gamble, Chris Kelly, Abubakr Babiker, Nathanael Schärli, Aakanksha Chowdhery, Philip Mansfield, Dina Demner-Fushman, Blaise Agüera y Arcas, Dale Webster, Greg S. Corrado, Yossi Matias, Katherine Chou, Juraj Gottweis, Nenad Tomasev, Yun Liu, Alvin Rajkomar, Joelle Barral, Christopher Semturs, Alan Karthikesalingam & Vivek Natarajan
Nature [Paper]
12 July 2023

[Others]

Health system-scale language models are all-purpose prediction engines
Lavender Yao Jiang, Xujin Chris Liu, Nima Pour Nejatian, Mustafa Nasir-Moin, Duo Wang, Anas Abidin, Kevin Eaton, Howard Antony Riina, Ilya Laufer, Paawan Punjabi, Madeline Miceli, Nora C. Kim, Cordelia Orillac, Zane Schnurman, Christopher Livia, Hannah Weiss, David Kurland, Sean Neifert, Yosef Dastagirzada, Douglas Kondziolka, Alexander T. M. Cheung, Grace Yang, Ming Cao, Mona Flores, Anthony B. Costa, Yindalon Aphinyanaphongs, Kyunghyun Cho & Eric Karl Oermann
Nature [Paper]
07 June 2023

A language model for medical predictive tasks
Fernando Chirigati
Nature Computational Science [Paper]
20 July 2023

Radiology-Llama2: Best-in-Class Large Language Model for Radiology
Zhengliang Liu, Yiwei Li, Peng Shu, Aoxiao Zhong, Longtao Yang, Chao Ju, Zihao Wu, Chong Ma, Jie Luo, Cheng Chen, Sekeun Kim, Jiang Hu, Haixing Dai, Lin Zhao, Dajiang Zhu, Jun Liu, Wei Liu, Dinggang Shen, Tianming Liu, Quanzheng Li, Xiang Li
arXiv [Paper]
29 Aug 2023

MEDITRON-70B: Scaling Medical Pretraining for Large Language Models \ Zeming Chen, Alejandro Hernández Cano, Angelika Romanou, Antoine Bonnet, Kyle Matoba, Francesco Salvi, Matteo Pagliardini, Simin Fan, Andreas Köpf, Amirkeivan Mohtashami, Alexandre Sallinen, Alireza Sakhaeirad, Vinitra Swamy, Igor Krawczuk, Deniz Bayazit, Axel Marmet, Syrielle Montariol, Mary-Anne Hartley, Martin Jaggi, Antoine Bosselut
arxiv [Paper]
27 Nov 2023

Perspective

Foundation models for generalist medical artificial intelligence
Michael Moor, Oishi Banerjee, Zahra Shakeri Hossein Abad, Harlan M. Krumholz, Jure Leskovec, Eric J. Topol & Pranav Rajpurkar
Nature [Paper]
12 April 2023

Do We Still Need Clinical Language Models?
Eric Lehman, Evan Hernandez, Diwakar Mahajan, Jonas Wulff, Micah J. Smith, Zachary Ziegler, Daniel Nadler, Peter Szolovits, Alistair Johnson, Emily Alsentzer
Arxiv [Paper]
16 Feb 2023

Benchmarks

[Question Anaswering]

Since the medical QA is based on medical licensing exams like the USMLE, it is anticipated that scoring above 60% signifies reaching the level of a general practitioner. There is an expectation that this AI will be able to substitute for tasks at the level of a general practitioner.

MedQA [paperswithcode]

[Medical Report Generation]

MIMIC-CXR [paperswithcode]