buildHTML.js

/* eslint no-console:0 */
/**
 * This file does the main work of building a domTree structure from a parse
 * tree. The entry point is the `buildHTML` function, which takes a parse tree.
 * Then, the buildExpression, buildGroup, and various groupTypes functions are
 * called, to produce a final HTML tree.
 */

var ParseError = require("./ParseError");
var Style = require("./Style");

var buildCommon = require("./buildCommon");
var delimiter = require("./delimiter");
var domTree = require("./domTree");
var fontMetrics = require("./fontMetrics");
var utils = require("./utils");

var makeSpan = buildCommon.makeSpan;

/**
 * Take a list of nodes, build them in order, and return a list of the built
 * nodes. This function handles the `prev` node correctly, and passes the
 * previous element from the list as the prev of the next element.
 */
var buildExpression = function(expression, options, prev) {
    var groups = [];
    for (var i = 0; i < expression.length; i++) {
        var group = expression[i];
        groups.push(buildGroup(group, options, prev));
        prev = group;
    }
    return groups;
};

// List of types used by getTypeOfGroup,
// see https://github.com/Khan/KaTeX/wiki/Examining-TeX#group-types
var groupToType = {
    mathord: "mord",
    textord: "mord",
    bin: "mbin",
    rel: "mrel",
    text: "mord",
    open: "mopen",
    close: "mclose",
    inner: "minner",
    genfrac: "mord",
    array: "mord",
    spacing: "mord",
    punct: "mpunct",
    ordgroup: "mord",
    op: "mop",
    katex: "mord",
    overline: "mord",
    underline: "mord",
    rule: "mord",
    leftright: "minner",
    sqrt: "mord",
    accent: "mord",
};

/**
 * Gets the final math type of an expression, given its group type. This type is
 * used to determine spacing between elements, and affects bin elements by
 * causing them to change depending on what types are around them. This type
 * must be attached to the outermost node of an element as a CSS class so that
 * spacing with its surrounding elements works correctly.
 *
 * Some elements can be mapped one-to-one from group type to math type, and
 * those are listed in the `groupToType` table.
 *
 * Others (usually elements that wrap around other elements) often have
 * recursive definitions, and thus call `getTypeOfGroup` on their inner
 * elements.
 */
var getTypeOfGroup = function(group) {
    if (group == null) {
        // Like when typesetting $^3$
        return groupToType.mathord;
    } else if (group.type === "supsub") {
        return getTypeOfGroup(group.value.base);
    } else if (group.type === "llap" || group.type === "rlap") {
        return getTypeOfGroup(group.value);
    } else if (group.type === "color") {
        return getTypeOfGroup(group.value.value);
    } else if (group.type === "sizing") {
        return getTypeOfGroup(group.value.value);
    } else if (group.type === "styling") {
        return getTypeOfGroup(group.value.value);
    } else if (group.type === "delimsizing") {
        return groupToType[group.value.delimType];
    } else {
        return groupToType[group.type];
    }
};

/**
 * Sometimes, groups perform special rules when they have superscripts or
 * subscripts attached to them. This function lets the `supsub` group know that
 * its inner element should handle the superscripts and subscripts instead of
 * handling them itself.
 */
var shouldHandleSupSub = function(group, options) {
    if (!group) {
        return false;
    } else if (group.type === "op") {
        // Operators handle supsubs differently when they have limits
        // (e.g. `\displaystyle\sum_2^3`)
        return group.value.limits &&
            (options.style.size === Style.DISPLAY.size ||
            group.value.alwaysHandleSupSub);
    } else if (group.type === "accent") {
        return isCharacterBox(group.value.base);
    } else {
        return null;
    }
};

/**
 * Sometimes we want to pull out the innermost element of a group. In most
 * cases, this will just be the group itself, but when ordgroups and colors have
 * a single element, we want to pull that out.
 */
var getBaseElem = function(group) {
    if (!group) {
        return false;
    } else if (group.type === "ordgroup") {
        if (group.value.length === 1) {
            return getBaseElem(group.value[0]);
        } else {
            return group;
        }
    } else if (group.type === "color") {
        if (group.value.value.length === 1) {
            return getBaseElem(group.value.value[0]);
        } else {
            return group;
        }
    } else {
        return group;
    }
};

/**
 * TeXbook algorithms often reference "character boxes", which are simply groups
 * with a single character in them. To decide if something is a character box,
 * we find its innermost group, and see if it is a single character.
 */
var isCharacterBox = function(group) {
    var baseElem = getBaseElem(group);

    // These are all they types of groups which hold single characters
    return baseElem.type === "mathord" ||
        baseElem.type === "textord" ||
        baseElem.type === "bin" ||
        baseElem.type === "rel" ||
        baseElem.type === "inner" ||
        baseElem.type === "open" ||
        baseElem.type === "close" ||
        baseElem.type === "punct";
};

var makeNullDelimiter = function(options) {
    return makeSpan([
        "sizing", "reset-" + options.size, "size5",
        options.style.reset(), Style.TEXT.cls(),
        "nulldelimiter",
    ]);
};

/**
 * This is a map of group types to the function used to handle that type.
 * Simpler types come at the beginning, while complicated types come afterwards.
 */
var groupTypes = {};

groupTypes.mathord = function(group, options, prev) {
    return buildCommon.makeOrd(group, options, "mathord");
};

groupTypes.textord = function(group, options, prev) {
    return buildCommon.makeOrd(group, options, "textord");
};

groupTypes.bin = function(group, options, prev) {
    var className = "mbin";
    // Pull out the most recent element. Do some special handling to find
    // things at the end of a \color group. Note that we don't use the same
    // logic for ordgroups (which count as ords).
    var prevAtom = prev;
    while (prevAtom && prevAtom.type === "color") {
        var atoms = prevAtom.value.value;
        prevAtom = atoms[atoms.length - 1];
    }
    // See TeXbook pg. 442-446, Rules 5 and 6, and the text before Rule 19.
    // Here, we determine whether the bin should turn into an ord. We
    // currently only apply Rule 5.
    if (!prev || utils.contains(["mbin", "mopen", "mrel", "mop", "mpunct"],
            getTypeOfGroup(prevAtom))) {
        group.type = "textord";
        className = "mord";
    }

    return buildCommon.mathsym(
        group.value, group.mode, options.getColor(), [className]);
};

groupTypes.rel = function(group, options, prev) {
    return buildCommon.mathsym(
        group.value, group.mode, options.getColor(), ["mrel"]);
};

groupTypes.open = function(group, options, prev) {
    return buildCommon.mathsym(
        group.value, group.mode, options.getColor(), ["mopen"]);
};

groupTypes.close = function(group, options, prev) {
    return buildCommon.mathsym(
        group.value, group.mode, options.getColor(), ["mclose"]);
};

groupTypes.inner = function(group, options, prev) {
    return buildCommon.mathsym(
        group.value, group.mode, options.getColor(), ["minner"]);
};

groupTypes.punct = function(group, options, prev) {
    return buildCommon.mathsym(
        group.value, group.mode, options.getColor(), ["mpunct"]);
};

groupTypes.ordgroup = function(group, options, prev) {
    return makeSpan(
        ["mord", options.style.cls()],
        buildExpression(group.value, options.reset())
    );
};

groupTypes.text = function(group, options, prev) {
    return makeSpan(["text", "mord", options.style.cls()],
        buildExpression(group.value.body, options.reset()));
};

groupTypes.color = function(group, options, prev) {
    var elements = buildExpression(
        group.value.value,
        options.withColor(group.value.color),
        prev
    );

    // \color isn't supposed to affect the type of the elements it contains.
    // To accomplish this, we wrap the results in a fragment, so the inner
    // elements will be able to directly interact with their neighbors. For
    // example, `\color{red}{2 +} 3` has the same spacing as `2 + 3`
    return new buildCommon.makeFragment(elements);
};

groupTypes.supsub = function(group, options, prev) {
    // Superscript and subscripts are handled in the TeXbook on page
    // 445-446, rules 18(a-f).

    // Here is where we defer to the inner group if it should handle
    // superscripts and subscripts itself.
    if (shouldHandleSupSub(group.value.base, options)) {
        return groupTypes[group.value.base.type](group, options, prev);
    }

    var base = buildGroup(group.value.base, options.reset());
    var supmid;
    var submid;
    var sup;
    var sub;

    if (group.value.sup) {
        sup = buildGroup(group.value.sup,
                options.withStyle(options.style.sup()));
        supmid = makeSpan(
                [options.style.reset(), options.style.sup().cls()], [sup]);
    }

    if (group.value.sub) {
        sub = buildGroup(group.value.sub,
                options.withStyle(options.style.sub()));
        submid = makeSpan(
                [options.style.reset(), options.style.sub().cls()], [sub]);
    }

    // Rule 18a
    var supShift;
    var subShift;
    if (isCharacterBox(group.value.base)) {
        supShift = 0;
        subShift = 0;
    } else {
        supShift = base.height - fontMetrics.metrics.supDrop;
        subShift = base.depth + fontMetrics.metrics.subDrop;
    }

    // Rule 18c
    var minSupShift;
    if (options.style === Style.DISPLAY) {
        minSupShift = fontMetrics.metrics.sup1;
    } else if (options.style.cramped) {
        minSupShift = fontMetrics.metrics.sup3;
    } else {
        minSupShift = fontMetrics.metrics.sup2;
    }

    // scriptspace is a font-size-independent size, so scale it
    // appropriately
    var multiplier = Style.TEXT.sizeMultiplier *
            options.style.sizeMultiplier;
    var scriptspace =
        (0.5 / fontMetrics.metrics.ptPerEm) / multiplier + "em";

    var supsub;
    if (!group.value.sup) {
        // Rule 18b
        subShift = Math.max(
            subShift, fontMetrics.metrics.sub1,
            sub.height - 0.8 * fontMetrics.metrics.xHeight);

        supsub = buildCommon.makeVList([
            {type: "elem", elem: submid},
        ], "shift", subShift, options);

        supsub.children[0].style.marginRight = scriptspace;

        // Subscripts shouldn't be shifted by the base's italic correction.
        // Account for that by shifting the subscript back the appropriate
        // amount. Note we only do this when the base is a single symbol.
        if (base instanceof domTree.symbolNode) {
            supsub.children[0].style.marginLeft = -base.italic + "em";
        }
    } else if (!group.value.sub) {
        // Rule 18c, d
        supShift = Math.max(supShift, minSupShift,
            sup.depth + 0.25 * fontMetrics.metrics.xHeight);

        supsub = buildCommon.makeVList([
            {type: "elem", elem: supmid},
        ], "shift", -supShift, options);

        supsub.children[0].style.marginRight = scriptspace;
    } else {
        supShift = Math.max(
            supShift, minSupShift,
            sup.depth + 0.25 * fontMetrics.metrics.xHeight);
        subShift = Math.max(subShift, fontMetrics.metrics.sub2);

        var ruleWidth = fontMetrics.metrics.defaultRuleThickness;

        // Rule 18e
        if ((supShift - sup.depth) - (sub.height - subShift) <
                4 * ruleWidth) {
            subShift = 4 * ruleWidth - (supShift - sup.depth) + sub.height;
            var psi = 0.8 * fontMetrics.metrics.xHeight -
                (supShift - sup.depth);
            if (psi > 0) {
                supShift += psi;
                subShift -= psi;
            }
        }

        supsub = buildCommon.makeVList([
            {type: "elem", elem: submid, shift: subShift},
            {type: "elem", elem: supmid, shift: -supShift},
        ], "individualShift", null, options);

        // See comment above about subscripts not being shifted
        if (base instanceof domTree.symbolNode) {
            supsub.children[0].style.marginLeft = -base.italic + "em";
        }

        supsub.children[0].style.marginRight = scriptspace;
        supsub.children[1].style.marginRight = scriptspace;
    }

    return makeSpan([getTypeOfGroup(group.value.base)],
        [base, supsub]);
};

groupTypes.genfrac = function(group, options, prev) {
    // Fractions are handled in the TeXbook on pages 444-445, rules 15(a-e).
    // Figure out what style this fraction should be in based on the
    // function used
    var fstyle = options.style;
    if (group.value.size === "display") {
        fstyle = Style.DISPLAY;
    } else if (group.value.size === "text") {
        fstyle = Style.TEXT;
    }

    var nstyle = fstyle.fracNum();
    var dstyle = fstyle.fracDen();

    var numer = buildGroup(group.value.numer, options.withStyle(nstyle));
    var numerreset = makeSpan([fstyle.reset(), nstyle.cls()], [numer]);

    var denom = buildGroup(group.value.denom, options.withStyle(dstyle));
    var denomreset = makeSpan([fstyle.reset(), dstyle.cls()], [denom]);

    var ruleWidth;
    if (group.value.hasBarLine) {
        ruleWidth = fontMetrics.metrics.defaultRuleThickness /
            options.style.sizeMultiplier;
    } else {
        ruleWidth = 0;
    }

    // Rule 15b
    var numShift;
    var clearance;
    var denomShift;
    if (fstyle.size === Style.DISPLAY.size) {
        numShift = fontMetrics.metrics.num1;
        if (ruleWidth > 0) {
            clearance = 3 * ruleWidth;
        } else {
            clearance = 7 * fontMetrics.metrics.defaultRuleThickness;
        }
        denomShift = fontMetrics.metrics.denom1;
    } else {
        if (ruleWidth > 0) {
            numShift = fontMetrics.metrics.num2;
            clearance = ruleWidth;
        } else {
            numShift = fontMetrics.metrics.num3;
            clearance = 3 * fontMetrics.metrics.defaultRuleThickness;
        }
        denomShift = fontMetrics.metrics.denom2;
    }

    var frac;
    if (ruleWidth === 0) {
        // Rule 15c
        var candiateClearance =
            (numShift - numer.depth) - (denom.height - denomShift);
        if (candiateClearance < clearance) {
            numShift += 0.5 * (clearance - candiateClearance);
            denomShift += 0.5 * (clearance - candiateClearance);
        }

        frac = buildCommon.makeVList([
            {type: "elem", elem: denomreset, shift: denomShift},
            {type: "elem", elem: numerreset, shift: -numShift},
        ], "individualShift", null, options);
    } else {
        // Rule 15d
        var axisHeight = fontMetrics.metrics.axisHeight;

        if ((numShift - numer.depth) - (axisHeight + 0.5 * ruleWidth) <
                clearance) {
            numShift +=
                clearance - ((numShift - numer.depth) -
                             (axisHeight + 0.5 * ruleWidth));
        }

        if ((axisHeight - 0.5 * ruleWidth) - (denom.height - denomShift) <
                clearance) {
            denomShift +=
                clearance - ((axisHeight - 0.5 * ruleWidth) -
                             (denom.height - denomShift));
        }

        var mid = makeSpan(
            [options.style.reset(), Style.TEXT.cls(), "frac-line"]);
        // Manually set the height of the line because its height is
        // created in CSS
        mid.height = ruleWidth;

        var midShift = -(axisHeight - 0.5 * ruleWidth);

        frac = buildCommon.makeVList([
            {type: "elem", elem: denomreset, shift: denomShift},
            {type: "elem", elem: mid,        shift: midShift},
            {type: "elem", elem: numerreset, shift: -numShift},
        ], "individualShift", null, options);
    }

    // Since we manually change the style sometimes (with \dfrac or \tfrac),
    // account for the possible size change here.
    frac.height *= fstyle.sizeMultiplier / options.style.sizeMultiplier;
    frac.depth *= fstyle.sizeMultiplier / options.style.sizeMultiplier;

    // Rule 15e
    var delimSize;
    if (fstyle.size === Style.DISPLAY.size) {
        delimSize = fontMetrics.metrics.delim1;
    } else {
        delimSize = fontMetrics.metrics.getDelim2(fstyle);
    }

    var leftDelim;
    var rightDelim;
    if (group.value.leftDelim == null) {
        leftDelim = makeNullDelimiter(options);
    } else {
        leftDelim = delimiter.customSizedDelim(
            group.value.leftDelim, delimSize, true,
            options.withStyle(fstyle), group.mode);
    }
    if (group.value.rightDelim == null) {
        rightDelim = makeNullDelimiter(options);
    } else {
        rightDelim = delimiter.customSizedDelim(
            group.value.rightDelim, delimSize, true,
            options.withStyle(fstyle), group.mode);
    }

    return makeSpan(
        ["mord", options.style.reset(), fstyle.cls()],
        [leftDelim, makeSpan(["mfrac"], [frac]), rightDelim],
        options.getColor());
};

groupTypes.array = function(group, options, prev) {
    var r;
    var c;
    var nr = group.value.body.length;
    var nc = 0;
    var body = new Array(nr);

    // Horizontal spacing
    var pt = 1 / fontMetrics.metrics.ptPerEm;
    var arraycolsep = 5 * pt; // \arraycolsep in article.cls

    // Vertical spacing
    var baselineskip = 12 * pt; // see size10.clo
    // Default \arraystretch from lttab.dtx
    // TODO(gagern): may get redefined once we have user-defined macros
    var arraystretch = utils.deflt(group.value.arraystretch, 1);
    var arrayskip = arraystretch * baselineskip;
    var arstrutHeight = 0.7 * arrayskip; // \strutbox in ltfsstrc.dtx and
    var arstrutDepth = 0.3 * arrayskip;  // \@arstrutbox in lttab.dtx

    var totalHeight = 0;
    for (r = 0; r < group.value.body.length; ++r) {
        var inrow = group.value.body[r];
        var height = arstrutHeight; // \@array adds an \@arstrut
        var depth = arstrutDepth;   // to each tow (via the template)

        if (nc < inrow.length) {
            nc = inrow.length;
        }

        var outrow = new Array(inrow.length);
        for (c = 0; c < inrow.length; ++c) {
            var elt = buildGroup(inrow[c], options);
            if (depth < elt.depth) {
                depth = elt.depth;
            }
            if (height < elt.height) {
                height = elt.height;
            }
            outrow[c] = elt;
        }

        var gap = 0;
        if (group.value.rowGaps[r]) {
            gap = group.value.rowGaps[r].value;
            switch (gap.unit) {
                case "em":
                    gap = gap.number;
                    break;
                case "ex":
                    gap = gap.number * fontMetrics.metrics.emPerEx;
                    break;
                default:
                    console.error("Can't handle unit " + gap.unit);
                    gap = 0;
            }
            if (gap > 0) { // \@argarraycr
                gap += arstrutDepth;
                if (depth < gap) {
                    depth = gap; // \@xargarraycr
                }
                gap = 0;
            }
        }

        outrow.height = height;
        outrow.depth = depth;
        totalHeight += height;
        outrow.pos = totalHeight;
        totalHeight += depth + gap; // \@yargarraycr
        body[r] = outrow;
    }

    var offset = totalHeight / 2 + fontMetrics.metrics.axisHeight;
    var colDescriptions = group.value.cols || [];
    var cols = [];
    var colSep;
    var colDescrNum;
    for (c = 0, colDescrNum = 0;
         // Continue while either there are more columns or more column
         // descriptions, so trailing separators don't get lost.
         c < nc || colDescrNum < colDescriptions.length;
         ++c, ++colDescrNum) {

        var colDescr = colDescriptions[colDescrNum] || {};

        var firstSeparator = true;
        while (colDescr.type === "separator") {
            // If there is more than one separator in a row, add a space
            // between them.
            if (!firstSeparator) {
                colSep = makeSpan(["arraycolsep"], []);
                colSep.style.width =
                    fontMetrics.metrics.doubleRuleSep + "em";
                cols.push(colSep);
            }

            if (colDescr.separator === "|") {
                var separator = makeSpan(
                    ["vertical-separator"],
                    []);
                separator.style.height = totalHeight + "em";
                separator.style.verticalAlign =
                    -(totalHeight - offset) + "em";

                cols.push(separator);
            } else {
                throw new ParseError(
                    "Invalid separator type: " + colDescr.separator);
            }

            colDescrNum++;
            colDescr = colDescriptions[colDescrNum] || {};
            firstSeparator = false;
        }

        if (c >= nc) {
            continue;
        }

        var sepwidth;
        if (c > 0 || group.value.hskipBeforeAndAfter) {
            sepwidth = utils.deflt(colDescr.pregap, arraycolsep);
            if (sepwidth !== 0) {
                colSep = makeSpan(["arraycolsep"], []);
                colSep.style.width = sepwidth + "em";
                cols.push(colSep);
            }
        }

        var col = [];
        for (r = 0; r < nr; ++r) {
            var row = body[r];
            var elem = row[c];
            if (!elem) {
                continue;
            }
            var shift = row.pos - offset;
            elem.depth = row.depth;
            elem.height = row.height;
            col.push({type: "elem", elem: elem, shift: shift});
        }

        col = buildCommon.makeVList(col, "individualShift", null, options);
        col = makeSpan(
            ["col-align-" + (colDescr.align || "c")],
            [col]);
        cols.push(col);

        if (c < nc - 1 || group.value.hskipBeforeAndAfter) {
            sepwidth = utils.deflt(colDescr.postgap, arraycolsep);
            if (sepwidth !== 0) {
                colSep = makeSpan(["arraycolsep"], []);
                colSep.style.width = sepwidth + "em";
                cols.push(colSep);
            }
        }
    }
    body = makeSpan(["mtable"], cols);
    return makeSpan(["mord"], [body], options.getColor());
};

groupTypes.spacing = function(group, options, prev) {
    if (group.value === "\\ " || group.value === "\\space" ||
        group.value === " " || group.value === "~") {
        // Spaces are generated by adding an actual space. Each of these
        // things has an entry in the symbols table, so these will be turned
        // into appropriate outputs.
        return makeSpan(
            ["mord", "mspace"],
            [buildCommon.mathsym(group.value, group.mode)]
        );
    } else {
        // Other kinds of spaces are of arbitrary width. We use CSS to
        // generate these.
        return makeSpan(
            ["mord", "mspace",
             buildCommon.spacingFunctions[group.value].className]);
    }
};

groupTypes.llap = function(group, options, prev) {
    var inner = makeSpan(
        ["inner"], [buildGroup(group.value.body, options.reset())]);
    var fix = makeSpan(["fix"], []);
    return makeSpan(
        ["llap", options.style.cls()], [inner, fix]);
};

groupTypes.rlap = function(group, options, prev) {
    var inner = makeSpan(
        ["inner"], [buildGroup(group.value.body, options.reset())]);
    var fix = makeSpan(["fix"], []);
    return makeSpan(
        ["rlap", options.style.cls()], [inner, fix]);
};

groupTypes.op = function(group, options, prev) {
    // Operators are handled in the TeXbook pg. 443-444, rule 13(a).
    var supGroup;
    var subGroup;
    var hasLimits = false;
    if (group.type === "supsub" ) {
        // If we have limits, supsub will pass us its group to handle. Pull
        // out the superscript and subscript and set the group to the op in
        // its base.
        supGroup = group.value.sup;
        subGroup = group.value.sub;
        group = group.value.base;
        hasLimits = true;
    }

    // Most operators have a large successor symbol, but these don't.
    var noSuccessor = [
        "\\smallint",
    ];

    var large = false;
    if (options.style.size === Style.DISPLAY.size &&
        group.value.symbol &&
        !utils.contains(noSuccessor, group.value.body)) {

        // Most symbol operators get larger in displaystyle (rule 13)
        large = true;
    }

    var base;
    var baseShift = 0;
    var slant = 0;
    if (group.value.symbol) {
        // If this is a symbol, create the symbol.
        var style = large ? "Size2-Regular" : "Size1-Regular";
        base = buildCommon.makeSymbol(
            group.value.body, style, "math", options.getColor(),
            ["op-symbol", large ? "large-op" : "small-op", "mop"]);

        // Shift the symbol so its center lies on the axis (rule 13). It
        // appears that our fonts have the centers of the symbols already
        // almost on the axis, so these numbers are very small. Note we
        // don't actually apply this here, but instead it is used either in
        // the vlist creation or separately when there are no limits.
        baseShift = (base.height - base.depth) / 2 -
            fontMetrics.metrics.axisHeight *
            options.style.sizeMultiplier;

        // The slant of the symbol is just its italic correction.
        slant = base.italic;
    } else {
        // Otherwise, this is a text operator. Build the text from the
        // operator's name.
        // TODO(emily): Add a space in the middle of some of these
        // operators, like \limsup
        var output = [];
        for (var i = 1; i < group.value.body.length; i++) {
            output.push(buildCommon.mathsym(group.value.body[i], group.mode));
        }
        base = makeSpan(["mop"], output, options.getColor());
    }

    if (hasLimits) {
        // IE 8 clips \int if it is in a display: inline-block. We wrap it
        // in a new span so it is an inline, and works.
        base = makeSpan([], [base]);

        var supmid;
        var supKern;
        var submid;
        var subKern;
        // We manually have to handle the superscripts and subscripts. This,
        // aside from the kern calculations, is copied from supsub.
        if (supGroup) {
            var sup = buildGroup(
                supGroup, options.withStyle(options.style.sup()));
            supmid = makeSpan(
                [options.style.reset(), options.style.sup().cls()], [sup]);

            supKern = Math.max(
                fontMetrics.metrics.bigOpSpacing1,
                fontMetrics.metrics.bigOpSpacing3 - sup.depth);
        }

        if (subGroup) {
            var sub = buildGroup(
                subGroup, options.withStyle(options.style.sub()));
            submid = makeSpan(
                [options.style.reset(), options.style.sub().cls()],
                [sub]);

            subKern = Math.max(
                fontMetrics.metrics.bigOpSpacing2,
                fontMetrics.metrics.bigOpSpacing4 - sub.height);
        }

        // Build the final group as a vlist of the possible subscript, base,
        // and possible superscript.
        var finalGroup;
        var top;
        var bottom;
        if (!supGroup) {
            top = base.height - baseShift;

            finalGroup = buildCommon.makeVList([
                {type: "kern", size: fontMetrics.metrics.bigOpSpacing5},
                {type: "elem", elem: submid},
                {type: "kern", size: subKern},
                {type: "elem", elem: base},
            ], "top", top, options);

            // Here, we shift the limits by the slant of the symbol. Note
            // that we are supposed to shift the limits by 1/2 of the slant,
            // but since we are centering the limits adding a full slant of
            // margin will shift by 1/2 that.
            finalGroup.children[0].style.marginLeft = -slant + "em";
        } else if (!subGroup) {
            bottom = base.depth + baseShift;

            finalGroup = buildCommon.makeVList([
                {type: "elem", elem: base},
                {type: "kern", size: supKern},
                {type: "elem", elem: supmid},
                {type: "kern", size: fontMetrics.metrics.bigOpSpacing5},
            ], "bottom", bottom, options);

            // See comment above about slants
            finalGroup.children[1].style.marginLeft = slant + "em";
        } else if (!supGroup && !subGroup) {
            // This case probably shouldn't occur (this would mean the
            // supsub was sending us a group with no superscript or
            // subscript) but be safe.
            return base;
        } else {
            bottom = fontMetrics.metrics.bigOpSpacing5 +
                submid.height + submid.depth +
                subKern +
                base.depth + baseShift;

            finalGroup = buildCommon.makeVList([
                {type: "kern", size: fontMetrics.metrics.bigOpSpacing5},
                {type: "elem", elem: submid},
                {type: "kern", size: subKern},
                {type: "elem", elem: base},
                {type: "kern", size: supKern},
                {type: "elem", elem: supmid},
                {type: "kern", size: fontMetrics.metrics.bigOpSpacing5},
            ], "bottom", bottom, options);

            // See comment above about slants
            finalGroup.children[0].style.marginLeft = -slant + "em";
            finalGroup.children[2].style.marginLeft = slant + "em";
        }

        return makeSpan(["mop", "op-limits"], [finalGroup]);
    } else {
        if (group.value.symbol) {
            base.style.top = baseShift + "em";
        }

        return base;
    }
};

groupTypes.katex = function(group, options, prev) {
    // The KaTeX logo. The offsets for the K and a were chosen to look
    // good, but the offsets for the T, E, and X were taken from the
    // definition of \TeX in TeX (see TeXbook pg. 356)
    var k = makeSpan(
        ["k"], [buildCommon.mathsym("K", group.mode)]);
    var a = makeSpan(
        ["a"], [buildCommon.mathsym("A", group.mode)]);

    a.height = (a.height + 0.2) * 0.75;
    a.depth = (a.height - 0.2) * 0.75;

    var t = makeSpan(
        ["t"], [buildCommon.mathsym("T", group.mode)]);
    var e = makeSpan(
        ["e"], [buildCommon.mathsym("E", group.mode)]);

    e.height = (e.height - 0.2155);
    e.depth = (e.depth + 0.2155);

    var x = makeSpan(
        ["x"], [buildCommon.mathsym("X", group.mode)]);

    return makeSpan(
        ["katex-logo", "mord"], [k, a, t, e, x], options.getColor());
};

groupTypes.overline = function(group, options, prev) {
    // Overlines are handled in the TeXbook pg 443, Rule 9.

    // Build the inner group in the cramped style.
    var innerGroup = buildGroup(group.value.body,
            options.withStyle(options.style.cramp()));

    var ruleWidth = fontMetrics.metrics.defaultRuleThickness /
        options.style.sizeMultiplier;

    // Create the line above the body
    var line = makeSpan(
        [options.style.reset(), Style.TEXT.cls(), "overline-line"]);
    line.height = ruleWidth;
    line.maxFontSize = 1.0;

    // Generate the vlist, with the appropriate kerns
    var vlist = buildCommon.makeVList([
        {type: "elem", elem: innerGroup},
        {type: "kern", size: 3 * ruleWidth},
        {type: "elem", elem: line},
        {type: "kern", size: ruleWidth},
    ], "firstBaseline", null, options);

    return makeSpan(["overline", "mord"], [vlist], options.getColor());
};

groupTypes.underline = function(group, options, prev) {
    // Underlines are handled in the TeXbook pg 443, Rule 10.

    // Build the inner group.
    var innerGroup = buildGroup(group.value.body, options);

    var ruleWidth = fontMetrics.metrics.defaultRuleThickness /
        options.style.sizeMultiplier;

    // Create the line above the body
    var line = makeSpan(
        [options.style.reset(), Style.TEXT.cls(), "underline-line"]);
    line.height = ruleWidth;
    line.maxFontSize = 1.0;

    // Generate the vlist, with the appropriate kerns
    var vlist = buildCommon.makeVList([
        {type: "kern", size: ruleWidth},
        {type: "elem", elem: line},
        {type: "kern", size: 3 * ruleWidth},
        {type: "elem", elem: innerGroup},
    ], "top", innerGroup.height, options);

    return makeSpan(["underline", "mord"], [vlist], options.getColor());
};

groupTypes.sqrt = function(group, options, prev) {
    // Square roots are handled in the TeXbook pg. 443, Rule 11.

    // First, we do the same steps as in overline to build the inner group
    // and line
    var inner = buildGroup(group.value.body,
            options.withStyle(options.style.cramp()));

    var ruleWidth = fontMetrics.metrics.defaultRuleThickness /
        options.style.sizeMultiplier;

    var line = makeSpan(
        [options.style.reset(), Style.TEXT.cls(), "sqrt-line"], [],
        options.getColor());
    line.height = ruleWidth;
    line.maxFontSize = 1.0;

    var phi = ruleWidth;
    if (options.style.id < Style.TEXT.id) {
        phi = fontMetrics.metrics.xHeight;
    }

    // Calculate the clearance between the body and line
    var lineClearance = ruleWidth + phi / 4;

    var innerHeight =
        (inner.height + inner.depth) * options.style.sizeMultiplier;
    var minDelimiterHeight = innerHeight + lineClearance + ruleWidth;

    // Create a \surd delimiter of the required minimum size
    var delim = makeSpan(["sqrt-sign"], [
        delimiter.customSizedDelim("\\surd", minDelimiterHeight,
                                   false, options, group.mode)],
                         options.getColor());

    var delimDepth = (delim.height + delim.depth) - ruleWidth;

    // Adjust the clearance based on the delimiter size
    if (delimDepth > inner.height + inner.depth + lineClearance) {
        lineClearance =
            (lineClearance + delimDepth - inner.height - inner.depth) / 2;
    }

    // Shift the delimiter so that its top lines up with the top of the line
    var delimShift = -(inner.height + lineClearance + ruleWidth) + delim.height;
    delim.style.top = delimShift + "em";
    delim.height -= delimShift;
    delim.depth += delimShift;

    // We add a special case here, because even when `inner` is empty, we
    // still get a line. So, we use a simple heuristic to decide if we
    // should omit the body entirely. (note this doesn't work for something
    // like `\sqrt{\rlap{x}}`, but if someone is doing that they deserve for
    // it not to work.
    var body;
    if (inner.height === 0 && inner.depth === 0) {
        body = makeSpan();
    } else {
        body = buildCommon.makeVList([
            {type: "elem", elem: inner},
            {type: "kern", size: lineClearance},
            {type: "elem", elem: line},
            {type: "kern", size: ruleWidth},
        ], "firstBaseline", null, options);
    }

    if (!group.value.index) {
        return makeSpan(["sqrt", "mord"], [delim, body]);
    } else {
        // Handle the optional root index

        // The index is always in scriptscript style
        var root = buildGroup(
            group.value.index,
            options.withStyle(Style.SCRIPTSCRIPT));
        var rootWrap = makeSpan(
            [options.style.reset(), Style.SCRIPTSCRIPT.cls()],
            [root]);

        // Figure out the height and depth of the inner part
        var innerRootHeight = Math.max(delim.height, body.height);
        var innerRootDepth = Math.max(delim.depth, body.depth);

        // The amount the index is shifted by. This is taken from the TeX
        // source, in the definition of `\r@@t`.
        var toShift = 0.6 * (innerRootHeight - innerRootDepth);

        // Build a VList with the superscript shifted up correctly
        var rootVList = buildCommon.makeVList(
            [{type: "elem", elem: rootWrap}],
            "shift", -toShift, options);
        // Add a class surrounding it so we can add on the appropriate
        // kerning
        var rootVListWrap = makeSpan(["root"], [rootVList]);

        return makeSpan(["sqrt", "mord"], [rootVListWrap, delim, body]);
    }
};

groupTypes.sizing = function(group, options, prev) {
    // Handle sizing operators like \Huge. Real TeX doesn't actually allow
    // these functions inside of math expressions, so we do some special
    // handling.
    var inner = buildExpression(group.value.value,
            options.withSize(group.value.size), prev);

    var span = makeSpan(["mord"],
        [makeSpan(["sizing", "reset-" + options.size, group.value.size,
                   options.style.cls()],
                  inner)]);

    // Calculate the correct maxFontSize manually
    var fontSize = buildCommon.sizingMultiplier[group.value.size];
    span.maxFontSize = fontSize * options.style.sizeMultiplier;

    return span;
};

groupTypes.styling = function(group, options, prev) {
    // Style changes are handled in the TeXbook on pg. 442, Rule 3.

    // Figure out what style we're changing to.
    var style = {
        "display": Style.DISPLAY,
        "text": Style.TEXT,
        "script": Style.SCRIPT,
        "scriptscript": Style.SCRIPTSCRIPT,
    };

    var newStyle = style[group.value.style];

    // Build the inner expression in the new style.
    var inner = buildExpression(
        group.value.value, options.withStyle(newStyle), prev);

    return makeSpan([options.style.reset(), newStyle.cls()], inner);
};

groupTypes.font = function(group, options, prev) {
    var font = group.value.font;
    return buildGroup(group.value.body, options.withFont(font), prev);
};

groupTypes.delimsizing = function(group, options, prev) {
    var delim = group.value.value;

    if (delim === ".") {
        // Empty delimiters still count as elements, even though they don't
        // show anything.
        return makeSpan([groupToType[group.value.delimType]]);
    }

    // Use delimiter.sizedDelim to generate the delimiter.
    return makeSpan(
        [groupToType[group.value.delimType]],
        [delimiter.sizedDelim(
            delim, group.value.size, options, group.mode)]);
};

groupTypes.leftright = function(group, options, prev) {
    // Build the inner expression
    var inner = buildExpression(group.value.body, options.reset());

    var innerHeight = 0;
    var innerDepth = 0;

    // Calculate its height and depth
    for (var i = 0; i < inner.length; i++) {
        innerHeight = Math.max(inner[i].height, innerHeight);
        innerDepth = Math.max(inner[i].depth, innerDepth);
    }

    // The size of delimiters is the same, regardless of what style we are
    // in. Thus, to correctly calculate the size of delimiter we need around
    // a group, we scale down the inner size based on the size.
    innerHeight *= options.style.sizeMultiplier;
    innerDepth *= options.style.sizeMultiplier;

    var leftDelim;
    if (group.value.left === ".") {
        // Empty delimiters in \left and \right make null delimiter spaces.
        leftDelim = makeNullDelimiter(options);
    } else {
        // Otherwise, use leftRightDelim to generate the correct sized
        // delimiter.
        leftDelim = delimiter.leftRightDelim(
            group.value.left, innerHeight, innerDepth, options,
            group.mode);
    }
    // Add it to the beginning of the expression
    inner.unshift(leftDelim);

    var rightDelim;
    // Same for the right delimiter
    if (group.value.right === ".") {
        rightDelim = makeNullDelimiter(options);
    } else {
        rightDelim = delimiter.leftRightDelim(
            group.value.right, innerHeight, innerDepth, options,
            group.mode);
    }
    // Add it to the end of the expression.
    inner.push(rightDelim);

    return makeSpan(
        ["minner", options.style.cls()], inner, options.getColor());
};

groupTypes.rule = function(group, options, prev) {
    // Make an empty span for the rule
    var rule = makeSpan(["mord", "rule"], [], options.getColor());

    // Calculate the shift, width, and height of the rule, and account for units
    var shift = 0;
    if (group.value.shift) {
        shift = group.value.shift.number;
        if (group.value.shift.unit === "ex") {
            shift *= fontMetrics.metrics.xHeight;
        }
    }

    var width = group.value.width.number;
    if (group.value.width.unit === "ex") {
        width *= fontMetrics.metrics.xHeight;
    }

    var height = group.value.height.number;
    if (group.value.height.unit === "ex") {
        height *= fontMetrics.metrics.xHeight;
    }

    // The sizes of rules are absolute, so make it larger if we are in a
    // smaller style.
    shift /= options.style.sizeMultiplier;
    width /= options.style.sizeMultiplier;
    height /= options.style.sizeMultiplier;

    // Style the rule to the right size
    rule.style.borderRightWidth = width + "em";
    rule.style.borderTopWidth = height + "em";
    rule.style.bottom = shift + "em";

    // Record the height and width
    rule.width = width;
    rule.height = height + shift;
    rule.depth = -shift;

    return rule;
};

groupTypes.kern = function(group, options, prev) {
    // Make an empty span for the rule
    var rule = makeSpan(["mord", "rule"], [], options.getColor());

    var dimension = 0;
    if (group.value.dimension) {
        dimension = group.value.dimension.number;
        if (group.value.dimension.unit === "ex") {
            dimension *= fontMetrics.metrics.xHeight;
        }
    }

    dimension /= options.style.sizeMultiplier;

    rule.style.marginLeft = dimension + "em";

    return rule;
};

groupTypes.accent = function(group, options, prev) {
    // Accents are handled in the TeXbook pg. 443, rule 12.
    var base = group.value.base;

    var supsubGroup;
    if (group.type === "supsub") {
        // If our base is a character box, and we have superscripts and
        // subscripts, the supsub will defer to us. In particular, we want
        // to attach the superscripts and subscripts to the inner body (so
        // that the position of the superscripts and subscripts won't be
        // affected by the height of the accent). We accomplish this by
        // sticking the base of the accent into the base of the supsub, and
        // rendering that, while keeping track of where the accent is.

        // The supsub group is the group that was passed in
        var supsub = group;
        // The real accent group is the base of the supsub group
        group = supsub.value.base;
        // The character box is the base of the accent group
        base = group.value.base;
        // Stick the character box into the base of the supsub group
        supsub.value.base = base;

        // Rerender the supsub group with its new base, and store that
        // result.
        supsubGroup = buildGroup(
            supsub, options.reset(), prev);
    }

    // Build the base group
    var body = buildGroup(
        base, options.withStyle(options.style.cramp()));

    // Calculate the skew of the accent. This is based on the line "If the
    // nucleus is not a single character, let s = 0; otherwise set s to the
    // kern amount for the nucleus followed by the \skewchar of its font."
    // Note that our skew metrics are just the kern between each character
    // and the skewchar.
    var skew;
    if (isCharacterBox(base)) {
        // If the base is a character box, then we want the skew of the
        // innermost character. To do that, we find the innermost character:
        var baseChar = getBaseElem(base);
        // Then, we render its group to get the symbol inside it
        var baseGroup = buildGroup(
            baseChar, options.withStyle(options.style.cramp()));
        // Finally, we pull the skew off of the symbol.
        skew = baseGroup.skew;
        // Note that we now throw away baseGroup, because the layers we
        // removed with getBaseElem might contain things like \color which
        // we can't get rid of.
        // TODO(emily): Find a better way to get the skew
    } else {
        skew = 0;
    }

    // calculate the amount of space between the body and the accent
    var clearance = Math.min(body.height, fontMetrics.metrics.xHeight);

    // Build the accent
    var accent = buildCommon.makeSymbol(
        group.value.accent, "Main-Regular", "math", options.getColor());
    // Remove the italic correction of the accent, because it only serves to
    // shift the accent over to a place we don't want.
    accent.italic = 0;

    // The \vec character that the fonts use is a combining character, and
    // thus shows up much too far to the left. To account for this, we add a
    // specific class which shifts the accent over to where we want it.
    // TODO(emily): Fix this in a better way, like by changing the font
    var vecClass = group.value.accent === "\\vec" ? "accent-vec" : null;

    var accentBody = makeSpan(["accent-body", vecClass], [
        makeSpan([], [accent])]);

    accentBody = buildCommon.makeVList([
        {type: "elem", elem: body},
        {type: "kern", size: -clearance},
        {type: "elem", elem: accentBody},
    ], "firstBaseline", null, options);

    // Shift the accent over by the skew. Note we shift by twice the skew
    // because we are centering the accent, so by adding 2*skew to the left,
    // we shift it to the right by 1*skew.
    accentBody.children[1].style.marginLeft = 2 * skew + "em";

    var accentWrap = makeSpan(["mord", "accent"], [accentBody]);

    if (supsubGroup) {
        // Here, we replace the "base" child of the supsub with our newly
        // generated accent.
        supsubGroup.children[0] = accentWrap;

        // Since we don't rerun the height calculation after replacing the
        // accent, we manually recalculate height.
        supsubGroup.height = Math.max(accentWrap.height, supsubGroup.height);

        // Accents should always be ords, even when their innards are not.
        supsubGroup.classes[0] = "mord";

        return supsubGroup;
    } else {
        return accentWrap;
    }
};

groupTypes.phantom = function(group, options, prev) {
    var elements = buildExpression(
        group.value.value,
        options.withPhantom(),
        prev
    );

    // \phantom isn't supposed to affect the elements it contains.
    // See "color" for more details.
    return new buildCommon.makeFragment(elements);
};

/**
 * buildGroup is the function that takes a group and calls the correct groupType
 * function for it. It also handles the interaction of size and style changes
 * between parents and children.
 */
var buildGroup = function(group, options, prev) {
    if (!group) {
        return makeSpan();
    }

    if (groupTypes[group.type]) {
        // Call the groupTypes function
        var groupNode = groupTypes[group.type](group, options, prev);
        var multiplier;

        // If the style changed between the parent and the current group,
        // account for the size difference
        if (options.style !== options.parentStyle) {
            multiplier = options.style.sizeMultiplier /
                    options.parentStyle.sizeMultiplier;

            groupNode.height *= multiplier;
            groupNode.depth *= multiplier;
        }

        // If the size changed between the parent and the current group, account
        // for that size difference.
        if (options.size !== options.parentSize) {
            multiplier = buildCommon.sizingMultiplier[options.size] /
                    buildCommon.sizingMultiplier[options.parentSize];

            groupNode.height *= multiplier;
            groupNode.depth *= multiplier;
        }

        return groupNode;
    } else {
        throw new ParseError(
            "Got group of unknown type: '" + group.type + "'");
    }
};

/**
 * Take an entire parse tree, and build it into an appropriate set of HTML
 * nodes.
 */
var buildHTML = function(tree, options) {
    // buildExpression is destructive, so we need to make a clone
    // of the incoming tree so that it isn't accidentally changed
    tree = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(tree));

    // Build the expression contained in the tree
    var expression = buildExpression(tree, options);
    var body = makeSpan(["base", options.style.cls()], expression);

    // Add struts, which ensure that the top of the HTML element falls at the
    // height of the expression, and the bottom of the HTML element falls at the
    // depth of the expression.
    var topStrut = makeSpan(["strut"]);
    var bottomStrut = makeSpan(["strut", "bottom"]);

    topStrut.style.height = body.height + "em";
    bottomStrut.style.height = (body.height + body.depth) + "em";
    // We'd like to use `vertical-align: top` but in IE 9 this lowers the
    // baseline of the box to the bottom of this strut (instead staying in the
    // normal place) so we use an absolute value for vertical-align instead
    bottomStrut.style.verticalAlign = -body.depth + "em";

    // Wrap the struts and body together
    var htmlNode = makeSpan(["katex-html"], [topStrut, bottomStrut, body]);

    htmlNode.setAttribute("aria-hidden", "true");

    return htmlNode;
};

module.exports = buildHTML;