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Setup for PyPi release
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MegaIng committed Nov 9, 2020
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18 changes: 18 additions & 0 deletions LICENSE
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Copyright © 2017 Erez Shinan

Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in
the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to
use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of
the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
subject to the following conditions:

The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
copies or substantial portions of the Software.

THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS
FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR
COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER
IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
151 changes: 151 additions & 0 deletions README.md
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# Pattern matching PEP 634

This is a python package implementing pattern-matching similar to what [PEP-634](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0634/) proposes.

## Installation

Use the package manager [pip](https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/) to install pattern-matching-pep634.

```bash
pip install pattern-matching-pep634
```

## Usage

There are 4 different implementations of pattern matching in here.

The safest one is this:
```python
from pattern_matching import Matcher

match = Matcher(Click, KeyPress, Quit)

with match(event.get()) as m:
if m.case('Click(position=(x, y))'):
handle_click_at(m.x, m.y)
elif m.case('KeyPress(key_name="Q") | Quit()'):
m.game.quit()
elif m.case('KeyPress(key_name="up arrow")'):
m.game.go_north()
elif m.case('KeyPress()'):
pass # Ignore other keystrokes
elif m.case('other_event'):
raise ValueError(f"Unrecognized event: {m.other_event}")
```

(This is based on an example in [PEP-636](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0636/))

Note how you have to specify which names you will be using, and how you always have to use `m.` to access the capture values.
This is the so called `no_magic` implementation. This implementation will work even in Python3.7 and other implementations than CPython that support the same features as 3.7

### auto_lookup

If you don't want to specify which classes you will be using, but don't want to have the pattern matching messing with the locals, you can use `auto_lookup`

```python
from pattern_matching.auto_lookup import match


with match(event.get()) as m:
if m.case('Click(position=(x, y))'):
handle_click_at(m.x, m.y)
elif m.case('KeyPress(key_name="Q") | Quit()'):
m.game.quit()
elif m.case('KeyPress(key_name="up arrow")'):
m.game.go_north()
elif m.case('KeyPress()'):
pass # Ignore other keystrokes
elif m.case('other_event'):
raise ValueError(f"Unrecognized event: {m.other_event}")
```

You still have to use `m.`, but at least you don't have to duplicate the class names and carry around a `Matcher` instance.

Note that this might have weird edge cases and fail for some reason sometimes. (Most notably conflict between what you think is visible in a function vs. what really is)

### injecting

This is for those who don't want to type `m.` everywhere.
```python
from pattern_matching.injecting import match


with match(event.get()):
if case('Click(position=(x, y))'):
handle_click_at(x, y)
elif case('KeyPress(key_name="Q") | Quit()'):
game.quit()
elif case('KeyPress(key_name="up arrow")'):
game.go_north()
elif case('KeyPress()'):
pass # Ignore other keystrokes
elif case('other_event'):
raise ValueError(f"Unrecognized event: {other_event}")
```

This will 'infect' the name space and put the captured names into it. It also does `auto_lookup`.

This is will only work on Python3.9. It might also randomly break with debuggers/coverage/tracing tools.

Note that this heavily suffers from the problem of what locals are defined and what aren't, e.g. the problem of where names are looked up.


### full_magic

This is the one that is as close as possible to the syntax proposed in PEP-634

```python
from pattern_matching.full_magic import match


with match(event.get()):
if Click(position=(x, y)):
handle_click_at(x, y)
elif KeyPress(key_name="Q") | Quit():
game.quit()
elif KeyPress(key_name="up arrow"):
game.go_north()
elif KeyPress():
pass # Ignore other keystrokes
elif other_event:
raise ValueError(f"Unrecognized event: {other_event}")
```

(only differences to PEP-634 is `with match` instead of match, `if`/`elif` instead of `case` and `:=` instead of `as`)

This does source-code analysis to figure out what cases to take and which names do bind. This is also Python3.9 only, and might break with any minor release of python. But that is unlikely.

Note: Sometimes, the small amount of optimization that python does can still break this:

```python
from pattern_matching.full_magic import match


with match(n):
if 1 | 2:
print("Smaller than three")
elif 3:
print("Equal to three")
elif _:
print("Bigger than three")
```

Python's peephole optimizer will (normally) correctly figure out that only the first branch can be taken and throw away the rest of the code.
This means that `match` can not correctly jump to the other lines. To circumvent the optimizer, `c@` ('case') can be added to prevent the optimization

```python
from pattern_matching.full_magic import match


with match(n):
if c@ 1 | 2:
print("Smaller than three")
elif c@ 3:
print("Equal to three")
elif c@ _:
print("Bigger than three")
```
This doesn't have to be done always, but it is a good first attempt if you get weird error messages.

## License
[MIT](https://choosealicense.com/licenses/mit/)
59 changes: 2 additions & 57 deletions pattern_matching/__init__.py
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@@ -1,61 +1,6 @@
from __future__ import annotations

from typing import Any
from .no_magic import Matcher

from pattern_matching.pattern_engine import str2pattern


class _Match:
def __init__(self, matcher: Matcher, value: Any):
self.__matcher__ = matcher
self.__value__ = value
self.__vars__ = None

def __getattr__(self, item):
return self.__vars__[item]

def __matmul__(self, other: str):
return self.case(other)

def __enter__(self):
return self

def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
return False

def case(self, pattern: str):
assert isinstance(pattern, str)
pt = str2pattern(pattern)
var = pt.match(self.__value__, self.__matcher__._get)
if var is not None:
self.__vars__ = var
return True
else:
return False

def __call__(self, pattern: str):
return self.case(pattern)


class Matcher:
"""
A portable match statement.
This is what should always be used. It forces you to clearly define all accessible names, including constants.
"""
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
self.__names__ = kwargs
for a in args:
try:
self.__names__[a.__name__] = a
except AttributeError:
raise ValueError("Can not use values that don't have a `__name__` attribute (functions, classes) without specifying a name")

def _get(self, name: str):
try:
return self.__names__[name]
except KeyError:
raise NameError

def __call__(self, value: Any):
return _Match(self, value)
__version__ = "0.1.0"
61 changes: 61 additions & 0 deletions pattern_matching/no_magic.py
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@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
from __future__ import annotations
from typing import Any

from pattern_matching.pattern_engine import str2pattern


class _Match:
def __init__(self, matcher: Matcher, value: Any):
self.__matcher__ = matcher
self.__value__ = value
self.__vars__ = None

def __getattr__(self, item):
return self.__vars__[item]

def __matmul__(self, other: str):
return self.case(other)

def __enter__(self):
return self

def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
return False

def case(self, pattern: str):
assert isinstance(pattern, str)
pt = str2pattern(pattern)
var = pt.match(self.__value__, self.__matcher__._get)
if var is not None:
self.__vars__ = var
return True
else:
return False

def __call__(self, pattern: str):
return self.case(pattern)


class Matcher:
"""
A portable match statement.
This is what should always be used. It forces you to clearly define all accessible names, including constants.
"""

def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
self.__names__ = kwargs
for a in args:
try:
self.__names__[a.__name__] = a
except AttributeError:
raise ValueError("Can not use values that don't have a `__name__` attribute (functions, classes) without specifying a name")

def _get(self, name: str):
try:
return self.__names__[name]
except KeyError:
raise NameError

def __call__(self, value: Any):
return _Match(self, value)
10 changes: 5 additions & 5 deletions pattern_matching/pattern_engine.py
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Expand Up @@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ def match(self, value: Any, get: Callable[[str], Any]) -> Optional[dict[str, Any
res = pat.match(val, get)
if res is None:
return None
out |= res
out.update(res)
return out


Expand All @@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ def _match_all(pts: tuple[Pattern, ...], value: Any, get) -> Optional[dict[str,
if cvar is None:
return None
else:
out |= cvar
out.update(cvar)
return out


Expand Down Expand Up @@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ def match(self, value: Any, get: Callable[[str], Any]) -> Optional[dict[str, Any
cvar = vp.match(val, get)
if cvar is None:
return None
out |= cvar
out.update(cvar)
used.add(kp)
if self.star is not None:
out[self.star] = {k: v for k, v in value.items() if k not in used}
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ def match(self, value: Any, get: Callable[[str], Any]) -> Optional[dict[str, Any
if post_out is None:
return None

return pre_out | {self.star: star_val} | post_out
return {**pre_out,self.star: star_val, **post_out}


pattern_lark_parser = Lark("""
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ def match(self, value: Any, get: Callable[[str], Any]) -> Optional[dict[str, Any


@v_args(inline=True)
class Lark2Pattern(Transformer[Pattern]):
class Lark2Pattern(Transformer):
def __default__(self, data, children, meta):
raise NotImplementedError((data, children, meta))

Expand Down
2 changes: 2 additions & 0 deletions setup.cfg
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[metadata]
version = attr: pattern_matching.__version__
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