dijkstra.cpp

/**
 * @file
 * @brief [Graph Dijkstras Shortest Path Algorithm
 * (Dijkstra's Shortest Path)]
 * (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dijkstra%27s_algorithm)
 *
 * @author [Ayaan Khan](http://github.com/ayaankhan98)
 *
 * @details
 * Dijkstra's Algorithm is used to find the shortest path from a source
 * vertex to all other reachable vertex in the graph.
 * The algorithm initially assumes all the nodes are unreachable from the
 * given source vertex so we mark the distances of all vertices as INF
 * (infinity) from source vertex (INF / infinity denotes unable to reach).
 *
 * in similar fashion with BFS we assume the distance of source vertex as 0
 * and pushes the vertex in a priority queue with it's distance.
 * we maintain the priority queue as a min heap so that we can get the
 * minimum element at the top of heap
 *
 * Basically what we do in this algorithm is that we try to minimize the
 * distances of all the reachable vertices from the current vertex, look
 * at the code below to understand in better way.
 *
 */
#include <cassert>
#include <iostream>
#include <limits>
#include <memory>
#include <queue>
#include <utility>
#include <vector>

constexpr int64_t INF = std::numeric_limits<int64_t>::max();

/**
 * @namespace graph
 * @brief Graph Algorithms
 */

namespace graph {
/**
 * @brief Function that add edge between two nodes or vertices of graph
 *
 * @param u any node or vertex of graph
 * @param v any node or vertex of graph
 */
void addEdge(std::vector<std::vector<std::pair<int, int>>> *adj, int u, int v,
             int w) {
    (*adj)[u - 1].push_back(std::make_pair(v - 1, w));
    // (*adj)[v - 1].push_back(std::make_pair(u - 1, w));
}

/**
 * @brief Function runs the dijkstra algorithm for some source vertex and
 * target vertex in the graph and returns the shortest distance of target
 * from the source.
 *
 * @param adj input graph
 * @param s source vertex
 * @param t target vertex
 *
 * @return shortest distance if target is reachable from source else -1 in
 * case if target is not reachable from source.
 */
int dijkstra(std::vector<std::vector<std::pair<int, int>>> *adj, int s, int t) {
    /// n denotes the number of vertices in graph
    int n = adj->size();

    /// setting all the distances initially to INF
    std::vector<int64_t> dist(n, INF);

    /// creating a min heap using priority queue
    /// first element of pair contains the distance
    /// second element of pair contains the vertex
    std::priority_queue<std::pair<int, int>, std::vector<std::pair<int, int>>,
                        std::greater<std::pair<int, int>>>
        pq;

    /// pushing the source vertex 's' with 0 distance in min heap
    pq.push(std::make_pair(0, s));

    /// marking the distance of source as 0
    dist[s] = 0;

    while (!pq.empty()) {
        /// second element of pair denotes the node / vertex
        int currentNode = pq.top().second;

        /// first element of pair denotes the distance
        int currentDist = pq.top().first;

        pq.pop();

        /// for all the reachable vertex from the currently exploring vertex
        /// we will try to minimize the distance
        for (std::pair<int, int> edge : (*adj)[currentNode]) {
            /// minimizing distances
            if (currentDist + edge.second < dist[edge.first]) {
                dist[edge.first] = currentDist + edge.second;
                pq.push(std::make_pair(dist[edge.first], edge.first));
            }
        }
    }
    if (dist[t] != INF) {
        return dist[t];
    }
    return -1;
}
}  // namespace graph

/** Function to test the Algorithm */
void tests() {
    std::cout << "Initiatinig Predefined Tests..." << std::endl;
    std::cout << "Initiating Test 1..." << std::endl;
    std::vector<std::vector<std::pair<int, int>>> adj1(
        4, std::vector<std::pair<int, int>>());
    graph::addEdge(&adj1, 1, 2, 1);
    graph::addEdge(&adj1, 4, 1, 2);
    graph::addEdge(&adj1, 2, 3, 2);
    graph::addEdge(&adj1, 1, 3, 5);

    int s = 1, t = 3;
    assert(graph::dijkstra(&adj1, s - 1, t - 1) == 3);
    std::cout << "Test 1 Passed..." << std::endl;

    s = 4, t = 3;
    std::cout << "Initiating Test 2..." << std::endl;
    assert(graph::dijkstra(&adj1, s - 1, t - 1) == 5);
    std::cout << "Test 2 Passed..." << std::endl;

    std::vector<std::vector<std::pair<int, int>>> adj2(
        5, std::vector<std::pair<int, int>>());
    graph::addEdge(&adj2, 1, 2, 4);
    graph::addEdge(&adj2, 1, 3, 2);
    graph::addEdge(&adj2, 2, 3, 2);
    graph::addEdge(&adj2, 3, 2, 1);
    graph::addEdge(&adj2, 2, 4, 2);
    graph::addEdge(&adj2, 3, 5, 4);
    graph::addEdge(&adj2, 5, 4, 1);
    graph::addEdge(&adj2, 2, 5, 3);
    graph::addEdge(&adj2, 3, 4, 4);

    s = 1, t = 5;
    std::cout << "Initiating Test 3..." << std::endl;
    assert(graph::dijkstra(&adj2, s - 1, t - 1) == 6);
    std::cout << "Test 3 Passed..." << std::endl;
    std::cout << "All Test Passed..." << std::endl << std::endl;
}

/** Main function */
int main() {
    // running predefined tests
    tests();

    int vertices = int(), edges = int();
    std::cout << "Enter the number of vertices : ";
    std::cin >> vertices;
    std::cout << "Enter the number of edges : ";
    std::cin >> edges;

    std::vector<std::vector<std::pair<int, int>>> adj(
        vertices, std::vector<std::pair<int, int>>());

    int u = int(), v = int(), w = int();
    while (edges--) {
        std::cin >> u >> v >> w;
        graph::addEdge(&adj, u, v, w);
    }

    int s = int(), t = int();
    std::cin >> s >> t;
    int dist = graph::dijkstra(&adj, s - 1, t - 1);
    if (dist == -1) {
        std::cout << "Target not reachable from source" << std::endl;
    } else {
        std::cout << "Shortest Path Distance : " << dist << std::endl;
    }
    return 0;
}