Attach Diagnostic to "more than one column in subquery" error

[eliaperantoni]

Is your feature request related to a problem or challenge?

For a query like:

SELECT (SELECT 1 AS x, 2 AS y) AS col

The only message that the end user of an application built atop of DataFusion sees is:

Error: Invalid (non-executable) plan after Analyzer
caused by
Error during planning: Scalar subquery should only return one column, but found 2: x, y

Caused by:
    Error during planning: Scalar subquery should only return one column, but found 2: x, y

We want to provide a richer message that references and highlights locations in the original SQL query, and contextualises and helps the user understand the error. In the end, it would be possible to display errors in a fashion akin to what was enabled by #13664 for some errors:

See #14429 for more information.

Describe the solution you'd like

Attach a well crafted Diagnostic to the DataFusionError, building on top of the foundations laid in #13664. See #14429 for more information.

Describe alternatives you've considered

No response

Additional context

No response

[alamb]

I think this is a good first issue as the need is clear and the tests in https://github.com/apache/datafusion/blob/85fbde2661bdb462fc498dc18f055c44f229604c/datafusion/sql/tests/cases/diagnostic.rs are well structured for extension.

[irenjj]

take