This core implements four bit manipulation instructions: SAG, ISG, EXT, DEP. All of those instructions receive a data word in their first operand, and a bit mask in the second operand.
The file sag4fun.v provides implementations for 32 and 64 bits:
| Verilog Module | Description |
|---|---|
| SAG4Fun32C | 32-Bit combinatorial logic |
| SAG4Fun32S | 32-Bit 5-step sequential core |
| SAG4Fun64C | 64-Bit combinatorial logic |
| SAG4Fun64S | 64-Bit 6-step sequential core |
| SAG4Fun64F | 64-Bit 3-step sequential core |
Extract (EXT) and Deposit (DEP) are equivalent to the x86 PEXT and PDEP instructions. Hacker's Delight calls EXT "compress" and DEP "expand".
The EXT (or "compress") instructions takes the data bits selected by the 1 bits in the mask operand, and places them in at the right (LSB) end of the output word, filling the remaining MSB bits with zeros.
The DEP (or "expand") instruction performs the opposite operation: it takes as many data bits from the LSB end of the data operand, and places them in the locations selected by 1 bits in the mask operand. The remaining output bits are set to zero.
The Sheep-And-Goats (SAG) instruction performs a similar operation as EXT, but instead of leaving the MSB bits at zero, this instruction takes the remaining data bits and places them in the MSB bits of the output, in reversed order.
The Inverse Sheep-And-Goats (ISG) instruction is the inverse of the SAG instruction. It places the LSB data bits in the 1 positions in the mask, and places the remaining data bits in the remaining output positions, in reversed order.
A variant of the Sheep-And-Goats (SAG) instruction that does not reverse the order of the unmarked data bits is significantly harder to implement in hardware, and is thus best emulated using the following sequence of three instructions:
sag rd, rs1, rs2
sag rt, rs2, rs2
sag rd, rd, rt
(rs1 and rs2 are the data and mask operand, rd is the destination register, and
rt is a temporary register.)
Similarly, the Inverse Sheep-And-Goats instruction without revsed order of the unmarked data bits:
sag rd, rs2, rs2
sag rd, rs1, rd
isg rd, rd, rs2
The combinatorial cores SAG4Fun32C and SAG4Fun64C have the following interface:
| Port | Description |
|---|---|
input ctrl_inv |
Set to 1 for ISG and DEP, 0 otherwise |
input ctrl_msk |
Set to 1 for EXT and DEP, 0 otherwise |
input [N-1:0] in_data |
The data operand (32 or 64 bits wide) |
input [N-1:0] in_mask |
The mask operand (32 or 64 bits wide) |
output [N-1:0] out_data |
The result |
The sequential cores have only one data input and provide a "load mask" mode for loading a new mask. Loading a mask requires the same number of cycles as processing a data word (5, 6, or 3 cycles for SAG4Fun32S, SAG4Fun64S, and SAG4Fun64F respectively).
| Port | Description |
|---|---|
input clock |
The (positive edge) clock |
input reset |
The (high-active, synchronous) reset |
input ctrl_start |
Start a new operation (abort current one) |
output ctrl_ready |
Signal that last operation finished |
input ctrl_inv |
Set to 1 for ISG and DEP, 0 otherwise |
input ctrl_msk |
Set to 1 for EXT and DEP, 0 otherwise |
input ctrl_ldm |
Set to 1 for loading a new mask |
input [N-1:0] in_data |
The data input (32 or 64 bits wide) |
output [N-1:0] out_data |
The result (valid when ctrl_ready is 1) |
The control inputs ctrl_inv and ctrl_msk should be set to 0 in ctrl_ldm
mode.
