diff --git a/src/query/storages/fuse/src/operations/replace_into/mutator/merge_into_mutator.rs b/src/query/storages/fuse/src/operations/replace_into/mutator/merge_into_mutator.rs
index 8d428c9318bd2..25dae2c188dab 100644
--- a/src/query/storages/fuse/src/operations/replace_into/mutator/merge_into_mutator.rs
+++ b/src/query/storages/fuse/src/operations/replace_into/mutator/merge_into_mutator.rs
@@ -632,7 +632,8 @@ impl AggregationContext {
                 || // coincide overlap
                 (max == key_max && min == key_min)
         } else {
-            false
+            // if column range index does not exist, assume overlapped
+            true
         }
     }
 
@@ -949,6 +950,56 @@ mod tests {
 
         assert!(!overlap);
 
+        // case 3: (column rang index not exist)
+        //
+        // - min/max of input block
+        //
+        //  'xx_id' : [11, 12]
+        //  'xx_type' : ["b", "b"]
+        //  'xx_time' : [100, 100]
+        //
+        // - the range index of columns are (after tweaks)
+        //
+        //   'xx_type' : ["a", "z"]
+        //   'xx_time' : [100, 200]
+        //
+        // - expected : overlap == true
+        //
+        //   range index of column 'xx_id' does not exist (explicitly removed)
+        //   the result should be overlapped
+
+        let input_column_min_max = [
+            // for xx_id column, NOT overlaps
+            (
+                Scalar::Number(NumberScalar::UInt64(11)),
+                Scalar::Number(NumberScalar::UInt64(12)),
+            ),
+            // for xx_type column, overlaps
+            (
+                Scalar::String("b".to_string()),
+                Scalar::String("b".to_string()),
+            ),
+            // for xx_time column, overlaps
+            (
+                Scalar::Number(NumberScalar::UInt32(100)),
+                Scalar::Number(NumberScalar::UInt32(100)),
+            ),
+        ];
+
+        let column_range_indexes = {
+            let mut cloned = column_range_indexes;
+            cloned.remove(&0); // remove range index of col xx_id
+            cloned
+        };
+
+        let overlap = super::AggregationContext::check_overlap(
+            &on_conflict_fields,
+            &column_range_indexes,
+            &input_column_min_max,
+        );
+
+        assert!(overlap);
+
         Ok(())
     }
 }
diff --git a/tests/sqllogictests/suites/base/09_fuse_engine/09_0024_replace_into_issue_15307.test b/tests/sqllogictests/suites/base/09_fuse_engine/09_0024_replace_into_issue_15307.test
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..693d8eca2def1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/sqllogictests/suites/base/09_fuse_engine/09_0024_replace_into_issue_15307.test
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+statement ok
+DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS issue_15307
+
+statement ok
+CREATE DATABASE issue_15307
+
+statement ok
+USE issue_15307
+
+# https://github.com/datafuselabs/databend/issues/15307
+
+statement ok
+create or replace table t( c1 bool);
+
+statement ok
+replace into t on(c1) values(false);
+
+statement ok
+replace into t on(c1) values(false);
+
+# there should be only one row left there
+query I
+select count() from t;
+----
+1
+
+# let's insert a different bool value
+statement ok
+replace into t on(c1) values(true);
+
+query I
+select count() from t;
+----
+2
+
+statement ok
+drop table t;
+
+statement ok
+DROP DATABASE issue_15307