diff --git a/src/EntityManager.php b/src/EntityManager.php
index f7d47d7b12..b677c79dc1 100644
--- a/src/EntityManager.php
+++ b/src/EntityManager.php
@@ -32,7 +32,6 @@
 use Doctrine\Persistence\Mapping\MappingException;
 use Doctrine\Persistence\ObjectRepository;
 use InvalidArgumentException;
-use Throwable;
 
 use function array_keys;
 use function class_exists;
@@ -246,18 +245,24 @@ public function transactional($func)
 
         $this->conn->beginTransaction();
 
+        $successful = false;
+
         try {
             $return = $func($this);
 
             $this->flush();
             $this->conn->commit();
 
-            return $return ?: true;
-        } catch (Throwable $e) {
-            $this->close();
-            $this->conn->rollBack();
+            $successful = true;
 
-            throw $e;
+            return $return ?: true;
+        } finally {
+            if (! $successful) {
+                $this->close();
+                if ($this->conn->isTransactionActive()) {
+                    $this->conn->rollBack();
+                }
+            }
         }
     }
 
@@ -268,18 +273,24 @@ public function wrapInTransaction(callable $func)
     {
         $this->conn->beginTransaction();
 
+        $successful = false;
+
         try {
             $return = $func($this);
 
             $this->flush();
             $this->conn->commit();
 
-            return $return;
-        } catch (Throwable $e) {
-            $this->close();
-            $this->conn->rollBack();
+            $successful = true;
 
-            throw $e;
+            return $return;
+        } finally {
+            if (! $successful) {
+                $this->close();
+                if ($this->conn->isTransactionActive()) {
+                    $this->conn->rollBack();
+                }
+            }
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/src/UnitOfWork.php b/src/UnitOfWork.php
index 39ba6b68b7..97d80862e3 100644
--- a/src/UnitOfWork.php
+++ b/src/UnitOfWork.php
@@ -49,7 +49,6 @@
 use Exception;
 use InvalidArgumentException;
 use RuntimeException;
-use Throwable;
 use UnexpectedValueException;
 
 use function array_chunk;
@@ -427,6 +426,8 @@ public function commit($entity = null)
         $conn = $this->em->getConnection();
         $conn->beginTransaction();
 
+        $successful = false;
+
         try {
             // Collection deletions (deletions of complete collections)
             foreach ($this->collectionDeletions as $collectionToDelete) {
@@ -478,16 +479,18 @@ public function commit($entity = null)
 
                 throw new OptimisticLockException('Commit failed', $object);
             }
-        } catch (Throwable $e) {
-            $this->em->close();
 
-            if ($conn->isTransactionActive()) {
-                $conn->rollBack();
-            }
+            $successful = true;
+        } finally {
+            if (! $successful) {
+                $this->em->close();
 
-            $this->afterTransactionRolledBack();
+                if ($conn->isTransactionActive()) {
+                    $conn->rollBack();
+                }
 
-            throw $e;
+                $this->afterTransactionRolledBack();
+            }
         }
 
         $this->afterTransactionComplete();
diff --git a/tests/Tests/ORM/EntityManagerTest.php b/tests/Tests/ORM/EntityManagerTest.php
index c3ad9f559e..88ff5ed924 100644
--- a/tests/Tests/ORM/EntityManagerTest.php
+++ b/tests/Tests/ORM/EntityManagerTest.php
@@ -21,16 +21,21 @@
 use Doctrine\ORM\UnitOfWork;
 use Doctrine\Persistence\Mapping\Driver\MappingDriver;
 use Doctrine\Persistence\Mapping\MappingException;
+use Doctrine\Tests\Mocks\ConnectionMock;
+use Doctrine\Tests\Mocks\EntityManagerMock;
 use Doctrine\Tests\Models\CMS\CmsUser;
 use Doctrine\Tests\Models\GeoNames\Country;
 use Doctrine\Tests\OrmTestCase;
+use Exception;
 use Generator;
 use InvalidArgumentException;
+use PHPUnit\Framework\Assert;
 use stdClass;
 use TypeError;
 
 use function get_class;
 use function random_int;
+use function sprintf;
 use function sys_get_temp_dir;
 use function uniqid;
 
@@ -382,4 +387,61 @@ public function testDeprecatedFlushWithArguments(): void
 
         $this->entityManager->flush($entity);
     }
+
+    /** @dataProvider entityManagerMethodNames */
+    public function testItPreservesTheOriginalExceptionOnRollbackFailure(string $methodName): void
+    {
+        $entityManager = new EntityManagerMock(new class extends ConnectionMock {
+            public function rollBack(): bool
+            {
+                throw new Exception('Rollback exception');
+            }
+        });
+
+        try {
+            $entityManager->transactional(static function (): void {
+                throw new Exception('Original exception');
+            });
+            self::fail('Exception expected');
+        } catch (Exception $e) {
+            self::assertSame('Rollback exception', $e->getMessage());
+            self::assertNotNull($e->getPrevious());
+            self::assertSame('Original exception', $e->getPrevious()->getMessage());
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** @dataProvider entityManagerMethodNames */
+    public function testItDoesNotAttemptToRollbackIfNoTransactionIsActive(string $methodName): void
+    {
+        $entityManager = new EntityManagerMock(
+            new class extends ConnectionMock {
+                public function commit(): bool
+                {
+                    throw new Exception('Commit exception that happens after doing the actual commit');
+                }
+
+                public function rollBack(): bool
+                {
+                    Assert::fail('Should not attempt to rollback if no transaction is active');
+                }
+
+                public function isTransactionActive(): bool
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+        );
+
+        $this->expectExceptionMessage('Commit exception');
+        $entityManager->$methodName(static function (): void {
+        });
+    }
+
+    /** @return Generator<string, array{string}> */
+    public function entityManagerMethodNames(): Generator
+    {
+        foreach (['transactional', 'wrapInTransaction'] as $methodName) {
+            yield sprintf('%s()', $methodName) => [$methodName];
+        }
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/Tests/ORM/UnitOfWorkTest.php b/tests/Tests/ORM/UnitOfWorkTest.php
index ee475e729d..ae6b1d282f 100644
--- a/tests/Tests/ORM/UnitOfWorkTest.php
+++ b/tests/Tests/ORM/UnitOfWorkTest.php
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@
 use Doctrine\Tests\Models\GeoNames\Country;
 use Doctrine\Tests\OrmTestCase;
 use Doctrine\Tests\PHPUnitCompatibility\MockBuilderCompatibilityTools;
+use Exception;
 use PHPUnit\Framework\MockObject\MockObject;
 use stdClass;
 
@@ -971,6 +972,43 @@ public function testItThrowsWhenApplicationProvidedIdsCollide(): void
 
         $this->_unitOfWork->persist($phone2);
     }
+
+    public function testItPreservesTheOriginalExceptionOnRollbackFailure(): void
+    {
+        $this->_connectionMock = new class extends ConnectionMock {
+            public function commit(): bool
+            {
+                return false; // this should cause an exception
+            }
+
+            public function rollBack(): bool
+            {
+                throw new Exception('Rollback exception');
+            }
+        };
+        $this->_emMock         = new EntityManagerMock($this->_connectionMock);
+        $this->_unitOfWork     = new UnitOfWorkMock($this->_emMock);
+        $this->_emMock->setUnitOfWork($this->_unitOfWork);
+
+        // Setup fake persister and id generator
+        $userPersister = new EntityPersisterMock($this->_emMock, $this->_emMock->getClassMetadata(ForumUser::class));
+        $userPersister->setMockIdGeneratorType(ClassMetadata::GENERATOR_TYPE_IDENTITY);
+        $this->_unitOfWork->setEntityPersister(ForumUser::class, $userPersister);
+
+        // Create a test user
+        $user           = new ForumUser();
+        $user->username = 'Jasper';
+        $this->_unitOfWork->persist($user);
+
+        try {
+            $this->_unitOfWork->commit();
+            self::fail('Exception expected');
+        } catch (Exception $e) {
+            self::assertSame('Rollback exception', $e->getMessage());
+            self::assertNotNull($e->getPrevious());
+            self::assertSame('Commit failed', $e->getPrevious()->getMessage());
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 /** @Entity */