diff --git a/packages/react-dom/src/__tests__/ReactDOMMutationResilience-test.js b/packages/react-dom/src/__tests__/ReactDOMMutationResilience-test.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..52141acbad29d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/react-dom/src/__tests__/ReactDOMMutationResilience-test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,562 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2013-present, Facebook, Inc.
+ *
+ * This source code is licensed under the MIT license found in the
+ * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
+ *
+ * @emails react-core
+ */
+
+'use strict';
+
+describe('ReactDOMMutationResilience', () => {
+  let React;
+  let ReactDOM;
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    jest.resetModules();
+    React = require('react');
+    ReactDOM = require('react-dom');
+  });
+
+  // Simulates what Google Translate (and likely others) do
+  // https://github.com/facebook/react/issues/11538
+  const replaceTextNodesWithDOMElements = container => {
+    const walker = document.createTreeWalker(
+      container,
+      NodeFilter.SHOW_TEXT,
+      null,
+      false,
+    );
+    let node;
+    let nodes = [];
+    while ((node = walker.nextNode())) {
+      nodes.push(node);
+    }
+    while ((node = nodes.pop())) {
+      const fontEl = document.createElement('font');
+      fontEl.style.verticalAlign = 'middle';
+      fontEl.textContent = node.textContent.toUpperCase();
+      node.replaceWith(fontEl);
+      // For debugging the test suite:
+      node.__replacedElement = fontEl;
+    }
+  };
+
+  const simulateRender = children => {
+    let expectedResultAfterRender = [];
+    React.Children.forEach(children, child => {
+      if (child == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      expectedResultAfterRender.push(
+        typeof child === 'number' ? child.toString() : child,
+      );
+    });
+    return expectedResultAfterRender;
+  };
+
+  const simulateMutation = (initialChildren, nextChildren) => {
+    const container = document.createElement('div');
+    ReactDOM.render(<div>{initialChildren}</div>, container);
+
+    const textNodeWalker = document.createTreeWalker(
+      container,
+      NodeFilter.SHOW_TEXT,
+      null,
+      false,
+    );
+    let node;
+    while ((node = textNodeWalker.nextNode())) {
+      (function() {
+        let initV = node.nodeValue;
+        Object.defineProperty(node, 'nodeValue', {
+          get() {
+            return initV;
+          },
+          set(v) {},
+        });
+      })();
+    }
+    ReactDOM.render(<div>{nextChildren}</div>, container);
+
+    let result = [];
+    for (let i = 0; i < container.firstChild.childNodes.length; i++) {
+      node = container.firstChild.childNodes[i];
+      if (node.nodeType === 3) {
+        result.push(node.textContent);
+      } else {
+        result.push(React.createElement(node.tagName.toLowerCase()));
+      }
+    }
+    return result;
+  };
+
+  const testAllPermutations = testCases => {
+    for (let i = 0; i < testCases.length; i++) {
+      const renderWithChildren = testCases[i];
+
+      for (let j = 0; j < testCases.length; j++) {
+        const updateWithChildren = testCases[j];
+        const container = document.createElement('div');
+
+        if (!Array.isArray(updateWithChildren)) {
+          // Don't check updates to a primitive because
+          // they work through setTextContent().
+          continue;
+        }
+
+        // Initial render
+        const expectedResultAfterRender = simulateRender(renderWithChildren);
+        ReactDOM.render(<div>{renderWithChildren}</div>, container);
+        expectNormalizedChildren(container, expectedResultAfterRender);
+        // First mutation
+        replaceTextNodesWithDOMElements(container);
+        expectNormalizedChildren(container, expectedResultAfterRender);
+
+        // Update
+        const expectedResultAfterUpdateConsideringMutation = simulateMutation(
+          renderWithChildren,
+          updateWithChildren,
+        );
+        ReactDOM.render(<div>{updateWithChildren}</div>, container);
+        expectNormalizedChildren(
+          container,
+          expectedResultAfterUpdateConsideringMutation,
+        );
+        // Second mutation
+        replaceTextNodesWithDOMElements(container);
+        expectNormalizedChildren(
+          container,
+          expectedResultAfterUpdateConsideringMutation,
+        );
+      }
+    }
+  };
+
+  const expectNormalizedChildren = function(container, children) {
+    const outerNode = container.firstChild;
+    let node;
+    if (typeof children === 'string') {
+      node = outerNode.firstChild;
+
+      if (children === '') {
+        expect(node != null).toBe(false);
+      } else {
+        expect(node != null).toBe(true);
+        // Ignore the simulated mutation:
+        const normalizedTextContext = node.textContent.toLowerCase();
+        expect(normalizedTextContext).toBe('' + children);
+      }
+    } else {
+      let mountIndex = 0;
+
+      if (children.length === 1 && children[0] === '') {
+        expect(outerNode.textContent).toBe('');
+        return;
+      }
+
+      for (let i = 0; i < children.length; i++) {
+        const child = children[i];
+
+        if (typeof child === 'string') {
+          node = outerNode.childNodes[mountIndex];
+          // Ignore the simulated mutation:
+          const normalizedTextContext = node.textContent.toLowerCase();
+          expect(normalizedTextContext).toBe('' + child);
+          mountIndex++;
+        } else {
+          const elementDOMNode = outerNode.childNodes[mountIndex];
+          expect(elementDOMNode.tagName).toBe('DIV');
+          mountIndex++;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  };
+
+  it('recovers when updating a single text child', () => {
+    const container = document.createElement('div');
+    ReactDOM.render(<div>{'aaa'}</div>, container);
+    expect(container.textContent).toBe('aaa');
+    replaceTextNodesWithDOMElements(container);
+    expect(container.textContent).toBe('AAA');
+
+    ReactDOM.render(<div>{'bbb'}</div>, container);
+    expect(container.textContent).toBe('bbb');
+    replaceTextNodesWithDOMElements(container);
+    expect(container.textContent).toBe('BBB');
+
+    ReactDOM.render(<div>{'ccc'}</div>, container);
+    expect(container.textContent).toBe('ccc');
+    replaceTextNodesWithDOMElements(container);
+    expect(container.textContent).toBe('CCC');
+
+    ReactDOM.unmountComponentAtNode(container);
+    expect(container.textContent).toBe('');
+  });
+
+  it('recovers replacing a single text child', () => {
+    const container = document.createElement('div');
+    ReactDOM.render(<div>{'aaa'}</div>, container);
+    expect(container.textContent).toBe('aaa');
+    replaceTextNodesWithDOMElements(container);
+    expect(container.textContent).toBe('AAA');
+
+    ReactDOM.render(
+      <div>
+        <span>{'bbb'}</span>
+      </div>,
+      container,
+    );
+    expect(container.textContent).toBe('bbb');
+    replaceTextNodesWithDOMElements(container);
+    expect(container.textContent).toBe('BBB');
+
+    ReactDOM.render(<div>{'ccc'}</div>, container);
+    expect(container.textContent).toBe('ccc');
+    replaceTextNodesWithDOMElements(container);
+    expect(container.textContent).toBe('CCC');
+
+    ReactDOM.unmountComponentAtNode(container);
+    expect(container.textContent).toBe('');
+  });
+
+  it('recovers removing a single text child', () => {
+    const container = document.createElement('div');
+    ReactDOM.render(<div>{'aaa'}</div>, container);
+    expect(container.textContent).toBe('aaa');
+    replaceTextNodesWithDOMElements(container);
+    expect(container.textContent).toBe('AAA');
+
+    ReactDOM.render(<div />, container);
+    expect(container.textContent).toBe('');
+    replaceTextNodesWithDOMElements(container);
+    expect(container.textContent).toBe('');
+
+    ReactDOM.unmountComponentAtNode(container);
+    expect(container.textContent).toBe('');
+  });
+
+  it('recovers when updating a single text child out of many', () => {
+    const container = document.createElement('div');
+    ReactDOM.render(
+      <div>
+        {'aaa'}
+        {'mmm'}
+        {'xxx'}
+      </div>,
+      container,
+    );
+    expect(container.textContent).toBe('aaammmxxx');
+    replaceTextNodesWithDOMElements(container);
+    expect(container.textContent).toBe('AAAMMMXXX');
+
+    ReactDOM.render(
+      <div>
+        {'aaa'}
+        {'nnn'}
+        {'xxx'}
+      </div>,
+      container,
+    );
+    // Our reference to the second child is detached
+    // so it's no longer expected to update correctly.
+    // Nevertheless we continue without errors.
+    expect(container.textContent).toBe('AAAMMMXXX');
+    replaceTextNodesWithDOMElements(container);
+    expect(container.textContent).toBe('AAAMMMXXX');
+
+    ReactDOM.unmountComponentAtNode(container);
+    expect(container.textContent).toBe('');
+  });
+
+  it('recovers replacing a single text child out of many', () => {
+    const container = document.createElement('div');
+    ReactDOM.render(
+      <div>
+        {'aaa'}
+        {'mmm'}
+        {'xxx'}
+      </div>,
+      container,
+    );
+    expect(container.textContent).toBe('aaammmxxx');
+    replaceTextNodesWithDOMElements(container);
+    expect(container.textContent).toBe('AAAMMMXXX');
+
+    ReactDOM.render(
+      <div>
+        {'aaa'}
+        <span>{'nnn'}</span>
+        {'xxx'}
+      </div>,
+      container,
+    );
+    expect(container.textContent).toBe('AAAnnnXXX');
+    replaceTextNodesWithDOMElements(container);
+    expect(container.textContent).toBe('AAANNNXXX');
+
+    ReactDOM.unmountComponentAtNode(container);
+    expect(container.textContent).toBe('');
+  });
+
+  it('recovers removing a single text child out of many', () => {
+    const container = document.createElement('div');
+    ReactDOM.render(
+      <div>
+        {'aaa'}
+        {'mmm'}
+        {'xxx'}
+      </div>,
+      container,
+    );
+    expect(container.textContent).toBe('aaammmxxx');
+    replaceTextNodesWithDOMElements(container);
+    expect(container.textContent).toBe('AAAMMMXXX');
+
+    ReactDOM.render(
+      <div>
+        {'aaa'}
+        {null}
+        {'xxx'}
+      </div>,
+      container,
+    );
+    expect(container.textContent).toBe('AAAXXX');
+    replaceTextNodesWithDOMElements(container);
+    expect(container.textContent).toBe('AAAXXX');
+
+    ReactDOM.render(<div />, container);
+    expect(container.textContent).toBe('');
+    replaceTextNodesWithDOMElements(container);
+    expect(container.textContent).toBe('');
+
+    ReactDOM.unmountComponentAtNode(container);
+    expect(container.textContent).toBe('');
+  });
+
+  it('recovers when appending a child before text', () => {
+    const container = document.createElement('div');
+    ReactDOM.render(
+      <div>
+        {null}
+        {'xxx'}
+      </div>,
+      container,
+    );
+    expect(container.textContent).toBe('xxx');
+    replaceTextNodesWithDOMElements(container);
+    expect(container.textContent).toBe('XXX');
+
+    ReactDOM.render(
+      <div>
+        <span>{'aaa'}</span>
+        {'yyy'}
+      </div>,
+      container,
+    );
+    // Our reference to the second child is detached
+    // so it's no longer expected to update correctly.
+    // Nevertheless we continue without errors.
+    expect(container.textContent).toBe('aaaXXX');
+    replaceTextNodesWithDOMElements(container);
+    expect(container.textContent).toBe('AAAXXX');
+
+    ReactDOM.render(
+      <div>
+        <span>{'bbb'}</span>
+        {'zzz'}
+      </div>,
+      container,
+    );
+    expect(container.textContent).toBe('bbbXXX');
+    replaceTextNodesWithDOMElements(container);
+    expect(container.textContent).toBe('BBBXXX');
+
+    ReactDOM.unmountComponentAtNode(container);
+    expect(container.textContent).toBe('');
+  });
+
+  it('recovers when appending a child before text and element', () => {
+    const container = document.createElement('div');
+    ReactDOM.render(
+      <div>
+        <span>{'aaa'}</span>
+        {null}
+        {'mmm'}
+        <span>{'xxx'}</span>
+      </div>,
+      container,
+    );
+    expect(container.textContent).toBe('aaammmxxx');
+    replaceTextNodesWithDOMElements(container);
+    expect(container.textContent).toBe('AAAMMMXXX');
+
+    ReactDOM.render(
+      <div>
+        <span>{'bbb'}</span>
+        {'fff'}
+        {'nnn'}
+        <span>{'yyy'}</span>
+      </div>,
+      container,
+    );
+    // Our references to the third child is detached
+    // so it's no longer expected to update correctly.
+    // Nevertheless we continue without errors.
+    expect(container.textContent).toBe('bbbfffMMMyyy');
+    replaceTextNodesWithDOMElements(container);
+    expect(container.textContent).toBe('BBBFFFMMMYYY');
+
+    ReactDOM.render(
+      <div>
+        <span>{'ccc'}</span>
+        {'ggg'}
+        {'ooo'}
+        <span>{'zzz'}</span>
+      </div>,
+      container,
+    );
+    // Our references to the second and third children are detached
+    // so they're no longer expected to update correctly.
+    // Nevertheless we continue without errors.
+    expect(container.textContent).toBe('cccFFFMMMzzz');
+    replaceTextNodesWithDOMElements(container);
+    expect(container.textContent).toBe('CCCFFFMMMZZZ');
+
+    ReactDOM.unmountComponentAtNode(container);
+    expect(container.textContent).toBe('');
+  });
+
+  it('recovers when appending a child after text', () => {
+    const container = document.createElement('div');
+    ReactDOM.render(<div>{'aaa'}</div>, container);
+    expect(container.textContent).toBe('aaa');
+    replaceTextNodesWithDOMElements(container);
+    expect(container.textContent).toBe('AAA');
+
+    ReactDOM.render(
+      <div>
+        {'bbb'}
+        <span>{'xxx'}</span>
+      </div>,
+      container,
+    );
+    expect(container.textContent).toBe('bbbxxx');
+    replaceTextNodesWithDOMElements(container);
+    expect(container.textContent).toBe('BBBXXX');
+
+    ReactDOM.render(
+      <div>
+        {'ccc'}
+        <span>{'zzz'}</span>
+      </div>,
+      container,
+    );
+    // Our reference to the first child is detached
+    // so it's no longer expected to update correctly.
+    // Nevertheless we continue without errors.
+    expect(container.textContent).toBe('BBBzzz');
+    replaceTextNodesWithDOMElements(container);
+    expect(container.textContent).toBe('BBBZZZ');
+
+    ReactDOM.unmountComponentAtNode(container);
+    expect(container.textContent).toBe('');
+  });
+
+  it('should correctly handle all possible children for render and update', () => {
+    expect(() => {
+      // prettier-ignore
+      testAllPermutations([
+        // basic values
+        undefined,
+        null,
+        false,
+        true,
+        0,
+        1.2,
+        '',
+        'foo',
+
+        [],
+        [undefined],
+        [null],
+        [false],
+        [true],
+        [0],
+        [1.2],
+        [''],
+        ['foo'],
+        [<div />],
+
+        // two adjacent values
+        [true, 0],
+        [0, 0],
+        [1.2, 0],
+        [0, ''],
+        ['foo', 0],
+        [0, <div />],
+
+        [true, 1.2],
+        [1.2, 0],
+        [1.2, 1.2],
+        [1.2, ''],
+        ['foo', 1.2],
+        [1.2, <div />],
+
+        [true, ''],
+        ['', 0],
+        [1.2, ''],
+        ['', ''],
+        ['foo', ''],
+        ['', <div />],
+
+        [true, 'foo'],
+        ['foo', 0],
+        [1.2, 'foo'],
+        ['foo', ''],
+        ['foo', 'foo'],
+        ['foo', <div />],
+
+        // values separated by an element
+        [true, <div />, true],
+        [1.2, <div />, 1.2],
+        ['', <div />, ''],
+        ['foo', <div />, 'foo'],
+
+        [true, 1.2, <div />, ''],
+        [true, 1.2, <div />, '', 'foo'],
+        [1.2, '', <div />, 'foo', true],
+        ['', 'foo', <div />, true, 1.2],
+
+        [true, 1.2, '', <div />, 'foo', true, 1.2],
+        ['', 'foo', true, <div />, 1.2, '', 'foo'],
+
+        // values inside arrays
+        [[true], [true]],
+        [[1.2], [1.2]],
+        [[''], ['']],
+        [['foo'], ['foo']],
+        [[<div />], [<div />]],
+
+        [[true, 1.2, <div />], '', 'foo'],
+        [1.2, '', [<div />, 'foo', true]],
+        ['', ['foo', <div />, true], 1.2],
+
+        [true, [1.2, '', <div />, 'foo'], true, 1.2],
+        ['', 'foo', [true, <div />, 1.2, ''], 'foo'],
+
+        // values inside elements
+        [<div>{true}{1.2}{<div />}</div>, '', 'foo'],
+        [1.2, '', <div>{<div />}{'foo'}{true}</div>],
+        ['', <div>{'foo'}{<div />}{true}</div>, 1.2],
+
+        [true, <div>{1.2}{''}{<div />}{'foo'}</div>, true, 1.2],
+        ['', 'foo', <div>{true}{<div />}{1.2}{''}</div>, 'foo'],
+      ]);
+    }).toWarnDev([
+      'Warning: Each child in an array or iterator should have a unique "key" prop.',
+      'Warning: Each child in an array or iterator should have a unique "key" prop.',
+    ]);
+  });
+});