diff --git a/.github/workflows/__test-autobuild-working-dir.yml b/.github/workflows/__test-autobuild-working-dir.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..716628d9e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/__test-autobuild-working-dir.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+# Warning: This file is generated automatically, and should not be modified.
+# Instead, please modify the template in the pr-checks directory and run:
+#     pip install ruamel.yaml && python3 sync.py
+# to regenerate this file.
+
+name: PR Check - Autobuild working directory
+env:
+  GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+  GO111MODULE: auto
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+    - main
+    - v1
+    - v2
+  pull_request:
+    types:
+    - opened
+    - synchronize
+    - reopened
+    - ready_for_review
+  workflow_dispatch: {}
+jobs:
+  test-autobuild-working-dir:
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        include:
+        - os: ubuntu-latest
+          version: latest
+    name: Autobuild working directory
+    timeout-minutes: 45
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    steps:
+    - name: Check out repository
+      uses: actions/checkout@v3
+    - name: Prepare test
+      id: prepare-test
+      uses: ./.github/prepare-test
+      with:
+        version: ${{ matrix.version }}
+    - name: Test setup
+      shell: bash
+      run: |
+        # Make sure that Gradle build succeeds in autobuild-dir ...
+        cp -a ../action/tests/java-repo autobuild-dir
+        # ... and fails if attempted in the current directory
+        echo > build.gradle
+    - uses: ./../action/init
+      with:
+        languages: java
+        tools: ${{ steps.prepare-test.outputs.tools-url }}
+    - uses: ./../action/autobuild
+      with:
+        working-directory: autobuild-dir
+    - uses: ./../action/analyze
+      env:
+        TEST_MODE: true
+    - name: Check database
+      shell: bash
+      run: |
+        cd "$RUNNER_TEMP/codeql_databases"
+        if [[ ! -d java ]]; then
+          echo "Did not find a Java database"
+          exit 1
+        fi
+    env:
+      INTERNAL_CODEQL_ACTION_DEBUG_LOC: true
diff --git a/pr-checks/checks/test-autobuild-working-dir.yml b/pr-checks/checks/test-autobuild-working-dir.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8d75c9e31a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pr-checks/checks/test-autobuild-working-dir.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+name: "Autobuild working directory"
+description: "Tests working-directory input of autobuild action"
+versions: ["latest"]
+os: ["ubuntu-latest"]
+steps:
+  - name: Test setup
+    shell: bash
+    run: |
+      # Make sure that Gradle build succeeds in autobuild-dir ...
+      cp -a ../action/tests/java-repo autobuild-dir
+      # ... and fails if attempted in the current directory
+      echo > build.gradle
+  - uses: ./../action/init
+    with:
+      languages: java
+      tools: ${{ steps.prepare-test.outputs.tools-url }}
+  - uses: ./../action/autobuild
+    with:
+      working-directory: autobuild-dir
+  - uses: ./../action/analyze
+    env:
+      TEST_MODE: true
+  - name: Check database
+    shell: bash
+    run: |
+      cd "$RUNNER_TEMP/codeql_databases"
+      if [[ ! -d java ]]; then
+        echo "Did not find a Java database"
+        exit 1
+      fi
diff --git a/tests/java-repo/build.gradle b/tests/java-repo/build.gradle
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..591d77bda1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/java-repo/build.gradle
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+plugins {
+    id 'application'
+}
+
+repositories {
+    mavenCentral()
+}
+
+application {
+    mainClass = 'Main'
+}
+
diff --git a/tests/java-repo/src/main/java/Main.java b/tests/java-repo/src/main/java/Main.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9c8b016543
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/java-repo/src/main/java/Main.java
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+class Main {
+    public static void main(String args[]) {
+        if (true) {
+            System.out.println("Hello, World!");
+        }
+    }
+}
+