diff --git a/gno.land/cmd/gnoland/testdata/simulate_gas.txtar b/gno.land/cmd/gnoland/testdata/simulate_gas.txtar
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..cd58b4ccc8f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gno.land/cmd/gnoland/testdata/simulate_gas.txtar
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+# load the package
+loadpkg gno.land/r/simulate $WORK/simulate
+
+# start a new node
+gnoland start
+
+# simulate only
+gnokey maketx call -pkgpath gno.land/r/simulate -func Hello -gas-fee 1000000ugnot -gas-wanted 2000000 -broadcast -chainid=tendermint_test -simulate only test1
+stdout 'GAS USED:   50299'
+
+# simulate skip
+gnokey maketx call -pkgpath gno.land/r/simulate -func Hello -gas-fee 1000000ugnot -gas-wanted 2000000 -broadcast -chainid=tendermint_test -simulate skip test1
+stdout 'GAS USED:   50299' # same as simulate only
+
+
+-- package/package.gno --
+package call_package
+
+func Render() string {
+ 	return "notok"
+}
+
+-- simulate/simulate.gno --
+package simulate
+
+func Hello() string {
+ 	return "Hello"
+}
diff --git a/tm2/pkg/sdk/auth/ante.go b/tm2/pkg/sdk/auth/ante.go
index 49662b47a55..d36b376aa8d 100644
--- a/tm2/pkg/sdk/auth/ante.go
+++ b/tm2/pkg/sdk/auth/ante.go
@@ -15,11 +15,8 @@ import (
 	"github.com/gnolang/gno/tm2/pkg/store"
 )
 
-var (
-	// simulation signature values used to estimate gas consumption
-	simSecp256k1Pubkey secp256k1.PubKeySecp256k1
-	simSecp256k1Sig    [64]byte
-)
+// simulation signature values used to estimate gas consumption
+var simSecp256k1Pubkey secp256k1.PubKeySecp256k1
 
 func init() {
 	// This decodes a valid hex string into a sepc256k1Pubkey for use in transaction simulation
@@ -228,14 +225,6 @@ func processSig(
 		return nil, abciResult(std.ErrInternal("setting PubKey on signer's account"))
 	}
 
-	if simulate {
-		// Simulated txs should not contain a signature and are not required to
-		// contain a pubkey, so we must account for tx size of including a
-		// std.Signature (Amino encoding) and simulate gas consumption
-		// (assuming a SECP256k1 simulation key).
-		consumeSimSigGas(ctx.GasMeter(), pubKey, sig, params)
-	}
-
 	if res := sigGasConsumer(ctx.GasMeter(), sig.Signature, pubKey, params); !res.IsOK() {
 		return nil, res
 	}
@@ -251,42 +240,12 @@ func processSig(
 	return acc, res
 }
 
-func consumeSimSigGas(gasmeter store.GasMeter, pubkey crypto.PubKey, sig std.Signature, params Params) {
-	simSig := std.Signature{PubKey: pubkey}
-	if len(sig.Signature) == 0 {
-		simSig.Signature = simSecp256k1Sig[:]
-	}
-
-	sigBz := amino.MustMarshalSized(simSig)
-	cost := store.Gas(len(sigBz) + 6)
-
-	// If the pubkey is a multi-signature pubkey, then we estimate for the maximum
-	// number of signers.
-	if _, ok := pubkey.(multisig.PubKeyMultisigThreshold); ok {
-		cost *= params.TxSigLimit
-	}
-
-	gasmeter.ConsumeGas(params.TxSizeCostPerByte*cost, "txSize")
-}
-
 // ProcessPubKey verifies that the given account address matches that of the
 // std.Signature. In addition, it will set the public key of the account if it
 // has not been set.
 func ProcessPubKey(acc std.Account, sig std.Signature, simulate bool) (crypto.PubKey, sdk.Result) {
 	// If pubkey is not known for account, set it from the std.Signature.
 	pubKey := acc.GetPubKey()
-	if simulate {
-		// In simulate mode the transaction comes with no signatures, thus if the
-		// account's pubkey is nil, both signature verification and gasKVStore.Set()
-		// shall consume the largest amount, i.e. it takes more gas to verify
-		// secp256k1 keys than ed25519 ones.
-		if pubKey == nil {
-			return simSecp256k1Pubkey, sdk.Result{}
-		}
-
-		return pubKey, sdk.Result{}
-	}
-
 	if pubKey == nil {
 		pubKey = sig.PubKey
 		if pubKey == nil {
diff --git a/tm2/pkg/sdk/auth/ante_test.go b/tm2/pkg/sdk/auth/ante_test.go
index be4167a6238..86e34391770 100644
--- a/tm2/pkg/sdk/auth/ante_test.go
+++ b/tm2/pkg/sdk/auth/ante_test.go
@@ -611,10 +611,11 @@ func TestProcessPubKey(t *testing.T) {
 		wantErr bool
 	}{
 		{"no sigs, simulate off", args{acc1, std.Signature{}, false}, true},
-		{"no sigs, simulate on", args{acc1, std.Signature{}, true}, false},
+		{"no sigs, simulate on", args{acc1, std.Signature{}, true}, true},
+		{"no sigs, account with pub, simulate off", args{acc2, std.Signature{}, false}, false},
 		{"no sigs, account with pub, simulate on", args{acc2, std.Signature{}, true}, false},
 		{"pubkey doesn't match addr, simulate off", args{acc1, std.Signature{PubKey: priv2.PubKey()}, false}, true},
-		{"pubkey doesn't match addr, simulate on", args{acc1, std.Signature{PubKey: priv2.PubKey()}, true}, false},
+		{"pubkey doesn't match addr, simulate on", args{acc1, std.Signature{PubKey: priv2.PubKey()}, true}, true},
 	}
 	for _, tt := range tests {
 		tt := tt
diff --git a/tm2/pkg/sdk/baseapp.go b/tm2/pkg/sdk/baseapp.go
index 415309eab9a..1802a21f453 100644
--- a/tm2/pkg/sdk/baseapp.go
+++ b/tm2/pkg/sdk/baseapp.go
@@ -409,8 +409,16 @@ func handleQueryApp(app *BaseApp, path []string, req abci.RequestQuery) (res abc
 			} else {
 				result = app.Simulate(txBytes, tx)
 			}
+
 			res.Height = req.Height
-			res.Value = amino.MustMarshal(result)
+
+			bytes, err := amino.Marshal(result)
+			if err != nil {
+				res.Error = ABCIError(std.ErrInternal(fmt.Sprintf("cannot encode to JSON: %s", err)))
+			} else {
+				res.Value = bytes
+			}
+
 			return res
 		case "version":
 			res.Height = req.Height
diff --git a/tm2/pkg/sdk/baseapp_test.go b/tm2/pkg/sdk/baseapp_test.go
index 08e8191170a..cf944c44f06 100644
--- a/tm2/pkg/sdk/baseapp_test.go
+++ b/tm2/pkg/sdk/baseapp_test.go
@@ -634,6 +634,38 @@ func TestDeliverTx(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+// Test that the gas used between Simulate and DeliverTx is the same.
+func TestGasUsedBetweenSimulateAndDeliver(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	anteKey := []byte("ante-key")
+	anteOpt := func(bapp *BaseApp) { bapp.SetAnteHandler(anteHandlerTxTest(t, mainKey, anteKey)) }
+
+	deliverKey := []byte("deliver-key")
+	routerOpt := func(bapp *BaseApp) {
+		bapp.Router().AddRoute(routeMsgCounter, newMsgCounterHandler(t, mainKey, deliverKey))
+	}
+
+	app := setupBaseApp(t, anteOpt, routerOpt)
+	app.InitChain(abci.RequestInitChain{ChainID: "test-chain"})
+
+	header := &bft.Header{ChainID: "test-chain", Height: 1}
+	app.BeginBlock(abci.RequestBeginBlock{Header: header})
+
+	tx := newTxCounter(0, 0)
+	txBytes, err := amino.Marshal(tx)
+	require.Nil(t, err)
+
+	simulateRes := app.Simulate(txBytes, tx)
+	require.True(t, simulateRes.IsOK(), fmt.Sprintf("%v", simulateRes))
+	require.Greater(t, simulateRes.GasUsed, int64(0)) // gas used should be greater than 0
+
+	deliverRes := app.DeliverTx(abci.RequestDeliverTx{Tx: txBytes})
+	require.True(t, deliverRes.IsOK(), fmt.Sprintf("%v", deliverRes))
+
+	require.Equal(t, simulateRes.GasUsed, deliverRes.GasUsed) // gas used should be the same from simulate and deliver
+}
+
 // One call to DeliverTx should process all the messages, in order.
 func TestMultiMsgDeliverTx(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
@@ -753,7 +785,7 @@ func TestSimulateTx(t *testing.T) {
 		require.True(t, queryResult.IsOK(), queryResult.Log)
 
 		var res Result
-		amino.MustUnmarshal(queryResult.Value, &res)
+		require.NoError(t, amino.Unmarshal(queryResult.Value, &res))
 		require.Nil(t, err, "Result unmarshalling failed")
 		require.True(t, res.IsOK(), res.Log)
 		require.Equal(t, gasConsumed, res.GasUsed, res.Log)