xquad.tr.json

{
  "data": [
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "context": "\ufeffPanthers savunmas\u0131 ligdeki derecesi alt\u0131nc\u0131 s\u0131rada olarak sadece 308 say\u0131 b\u0131rakt\u0131, ayn\u0131 zamanda NFL'de 24 topu kapma ile ligin ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ekmesi ve d\u00f6rt Pro Bowl se\u00e7meleri ile \u00f6v\u00fcn\u00e7 duydu. Pro Bowl orta \u00e7izgi savunmac\u0131s\u0131 Kawann Short, tak\u0131m\u0131 11'le birlikte sack ederken, ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00fc\u00e7 oyuncuyu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrme ve iki yeniden savunmaya zorlad\u0131. Yan hakem Mario Addison, 6\u00bd sack ekledi. Panthers hatt\u0131nda ayr\u0131ca, sadece 9 ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta 5 sack eden u\u00e7 \u00e7izgi savunmac\u0131s\u0131 Kony Ealy ile birlikte 136 kez ile NFL'nin aktif kariyer sack lideri ve 5 kez profesyonel bir top at\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olan Jared Allen \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Arkalar\u0131nda, Panthers'lerin \u00fc\u00e7 adet ikinci hat savunma oyuncusundan ikisi de Pro Bowl'da oynamak i\u00e7in se\u00e7ildi: Thomas Davis ve Luke Kuechly. Davis, d\u00f6rd\u00fcnde mecburi oyuncuyu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrme ve d\u00f6rt topu kapma olmak \u00fczere 5\u00bd sack etmeyi bir araya getirirken, Kuechly top \u00e7almalarda (118) iki mecburi oyuncuyu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrme ve kendi ba\u015f\u0131na d\u00f6rt pas\u0131n\u0131 kesme ile tak\u0131ma \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck etti. Carolina\u2019n\u0131n ikincisi olarak g\u00f6sterilen Pro Bowl g\u00fcvenli\u011fi i\u00e7in kariyerinin en y\u00fckse\u011fi olarak 7 top kapma ile tak\u0131m\u0131 s\u00fcr\u00fckleyen Kurt Coleman\u2019a ve 88 top \u00e7alma say\u0131s\u0131yla ve Pro Bowl k\u00f6\u015fe savunmac\u0131s\u0131 sezon boyunca bir kapal\u0131 k\u00f6\u015fe i\u00e7inde geli\u015fen ikisi kale \u00e7izgisini ge\u00e7i\u015ften d\u00f6nen d\u00f6rt top kapma geli\u015ftiren Josh Norman'a rol verdi.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 66,
                  "text": "308"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56beb4343aeaaa14008c925b",
              "question": "Panthers savunmas\u0131 ka\u00e7 say\u0131 b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 480,
                  "text": "136"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56beb4343aeaaa14008c925c",
              "question": "Jared Allen'\u0131n ka\u00e7 tane kariyer sack edi\u015fi vard\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 871,
                  "text": "118"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56beb4343aeaaa14008c925d",
              "question": "Luke Kuechly ka\u00e7 tane top \u00e7alma kaydetmi\u015ftir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 146,
                  "text": "d\u00f6rt"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56beb4343aeaaa14008c925e",
              "question": "Josh Norman ka\u00e7 tane top \u00e7alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 219,
                  "text": "Kawann Short"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56beb4343aeaaa14008c925f",
              "question": "Bu sezon tak\u0131mdaki en fazla sack etmeyi kim kaydetmi\u015ftir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 104,
                  "text": "24"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56d6f3500d65d21400198290",
              "question": "Panthers savunmas\u0131 2015 y\u0131l\u0131nda ka\u00e7 top \u00e7alma ile kayda ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 219,
                  "text": "Kawann Short"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56d6f3500d65d21400198291",
              "question": "Panthers'lere sack etmede kim \u00f6nderlik etmektedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 146,
                  "text": "d\u00f6rt"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56d6f3500d65d21400198292",
              "question": "Pro Bowl i\u00e7in ka\u00e7 tane Panthers savunma oyuncusu se\u00e7ilmi\u015ftir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 146,
                  "text": "d\u00f6rt"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56d6f3500d65d21400198293",
              "question": "Thomas Davis ka\u00e7 mecburi oyuncuyu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrme alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 1092,
                  "text": "Kurt Coleman"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56d6f3500d65d21400198294",
              "question": "Hangi oyuncu sezonun en \u00e7ok top kapmas\u0131na sahiptir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 104,
                  "text": "24"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56d9992fdc89441400fdb59c",
              "question": "Panthers'lerin savunmas\u0131 2015 sezonu top kapmalar\u0131n\u0131n ka\u00e7 tanesini alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 457,
                  "text": "Kony Ealy"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56d9992fdc89441400fdb59e",
              "question": "Carolina Panthers \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 olarak dokuz oyunda 5 sack eden kimdir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 724,
                  "text": "Luke Kuechly."
                }
              ],
              "id": "56d9992fdc89441400fdb59f",
              "question": "2015 y\u0131l\u0131nda Panthers'lerin ofansif orta \u00e7izgi oyuncusu lideri kimdi?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 305,
                  "text": "iki"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56d9992fdc89441400fdb5a0",
              "question": "Josh Norman 2015 y\u0131l\u0131nda kale \u00e7izgisini ge\u00e7i\u015fle sonlanan ka\u00e7 topu \u00e7alma yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Broncos, 23\u201316 aras\u0131ndaki b\u00f6lge turunda Pittsburgh Steelers'\u0131, ma\u00e7\u0131n son \u00fc\u00e7 dakikas\u0131nda 11 say\u0131 alarak ma\u011flup etti. Daha sonra, New England'\u0131n 2 puanl\u0131k d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm giri\u015fimini saat \u00fczerinde 17 saniye kala bir pas\u0131 keserek, AFC \u015eampiyonluk Oyununda Super Bowl'u savunan XLIX \u015fampiyonu New England Patriots'u 20\u201318 yendi. Manning''in sezon boyunca topu kapmalarla ilgili sorunlar\u0131na ra\u011fmen, iki r\u00f6van\u015f ma\u00e7\u0131nda hi\u00e7 atmad\u0131.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 40,
                  "text": "Pittsburgh Steelers"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56beb7953aeaaa14008c92ab",
              "question": "Broncos'a b\u00f6lge turunda kim kaybetmi\u015ftir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 88,
                  "text": "11"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56beb7953aeaaa14008c92ac",
              "question": "Broncos, Pittsburgh kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda ma\u00e7\u0131n son \u00fc\u00e7 dakikas\u0131nda ka\u00e7 puan alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 280,
                  "text": "New England Patriots"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56beb7953aeaaa14008c92ad",
              "question": "Super Bowl XLIX'i kim kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 303,
                  "text": "20\u201318"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56beb7953aeaaa14008c92ae",
              "question": "AFC \u015eampiyonluk Oyunu final skoru neydi?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 186,
                  "text": "17 saniye"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56beb7953aeaaa14008c92af",
              "question": "Broncos, AFC \u015eampiyonas\u0131 ma\u00e7\u0131n\u0131 k\u00f6k\u00fcnden halleden top kapmay\u0131 yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman saat \u00fczerinde ne kadar s\u00fcre kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 0,
                  "text": "Broncos"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56bf36b93aeaaa14008c9561",
              "question": "Broncos ve Steelers aras\u0131ndaki b\u00f6lge turu kazanan\u0131 hangi tak\u0131md\u0131?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 9,
                  "text": "23\u201316"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56bf36b93aeaaa14008c9562",
              "question": "Broncos ve Steelers aras\u0131ndaki oyunun son skoru neydi?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 280,
                  "text": "New England Patriots"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56bf36b93aeaaa14008c9563",
              "question": "Super Bowl XLIX'i kim kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 186,
                  "text": "17"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56bf36b93aeaaa14008c9564",
              "question": "Broncos oyunu kazand\u0131ran pas\u0131 kesti\u011fi zaman oyunun bitimine ka\u00e7 saniye kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 316,
                  "text": "Manning"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56bf36b93aeaaa14008c9565",
              "question": "Broncos'un r\u00f6van\u015f oyunlar\u0131 s\u00fcresince kim hi\u00e7 atmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 40,
                  "text": "Pittsburgh Steelers"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56d7018a0d65d214001982c2",
              "question": "B\u00f6lge turunda Broncos'u kim yenmi\u015ftir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 88,
                  "text": "11"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56d7018a0d65d214001982c3",
              "question": "Pittsburg oyununun son \u00fc\u00e7 dakikas\u0131nda Broncos ka\u00e7 say\u0131 yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 280,
                  "text": "New England Patriots"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56d7018a0d65d214001982c5",
              "question": "AFC \u015eampiyonluk oyununda Broncos'u kim yenmi\u015ftir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 40,
                  "text": "Pittsburgh Steelers"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56d99f99dc89441400fdb628",
              "question": "2015 y\u0131l\u0131nda klasmanlar\u0131n\u0131 kazanmak i\u00e7in Broncos'u kim yenmi\u015ftir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 280,
                  "text": "New England Patriots"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56d99f99dc89441400fdb629",
              "question": "AFC \u015fampiyonu olmak i\u00e7in Broncos'u kim yenmi\u015ftir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 186,
                  "text": "17"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56d99f99dc89441400fdb62c",
              "question": "Patriots'un 2 puanl\u0131k d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmleri ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z oldu\u011funda oyunun bitimine ka\u00e7 saniye kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Peyton Manning,iki farkl\u0131 tak\u0131m\u0131 birden fazla Super Bowls'a gitmesinde \u00f6nderlik eden ilk kilit oyuncu oldu. Ayr\u0131ca, 39 ya\u015f\u0131nda bir Super Bowl'da oynayan en eski oyun kurucu oldu. Ge\u00e7mi\u015f rekor, Broncos'u 38 ya\u015f\u0131nda Super Bowl XXXIII'te galibiyete g\u00f6t\u00fcren ve \u015fu anda Denver'\u0131n Futbol Operasyonlar\u0131 Ba\u015fkan Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 ve Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcr'\u00fc olan John Elway'in ellerindeydi.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 116,
                  "text": "39"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56beb86b3aeaaa14008c92bd",
              "question": "Peyton Manning, Super Bowl %0'de oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman ka\u00e7 ya\u015f\u0131ndayd\u0131?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 336,
                  "text": "John Elway"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56beb86b3aeaaa14008c92be",
              "question": "Bir Super Bowl'da oynayan en ya\u015fl\u0131 kilit oyuncu olma rekorunu daha \u00f6nce kim elinde bulunduruyordu?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 203,
                  "text": "38"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56beb86b3aeaaa14008c92bf",
              "question": "John Elway, Super Bowl XXXIII'te oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ka\u00e7 ya\u015f\u0131ndayd\u0131?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 275,
                  "text": "Futbol Operasyonlar\u0131 Ba\u015fkan Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 ve Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcr'\u00fc"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56beb86b3aeaaa14008c92c0",
              "question": "John Elway'in \u015fu anki Broncos \u00fcyeli\u011findeki rol\u00fc nedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 193,
                  "text": "Broncos"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56beb86b3aeaaa14008c92c1",
              "question": "John Elway Super Bowl XXXIII'te kimin i\u00e7in oynam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 193,
                  "text": "Broncos"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56bf3fd53aeaaa14008c9591",
              "question": "Super Bowl XXXIII'\u00fcn kazanan\u0131 hangi tak\u0131md\u0131?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 336,
                  "text": "John Elway"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56bf3fd53aeaaa14008c9592",
              "question": "Broncos'un Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc kimdir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 203,
                  "text": "38"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56bf3fd53aeaaa14008c9593",
              "question": "Elway, Super Bowl XXXIII galibiyeti esnas\u0131nda ka\u00e7 ya\u015f\u0131ndad\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 0,
                  "text": "Peyton Manning"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56bf3fd53aeaaa14008c9594",
              "question": "Herhangi bir Super Bowl oyununda en ya\u015fl\u0131 kilit oyuncu rekoruna kim sahiptir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 15,
                  "text": "iki"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56bf3fd53aeaaa14008c9595",
              "question": "Manning Super Bowl'a ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in onlar\u0131n tak\u0131m\u0131ndayken ka\u00e7 tak\u0131mda oynam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 15,
                  "text": "iki"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56d704430d65d214001982de",
              "question": "Peyton Manning Super Bowl'a ka\u00e7 farkl\u0131 tak\u0131m\u0131 g\u00f6t\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 0,
                  "text": "Peyton Manning"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56d704430d65d214001982e0",
              "question": "Bir Super Bowl'da oynayan en ya\u015fl\u0131 kilit oyuncu kimdir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 336,
                  "text": "John Elway"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56d704430d65d214001982e1",
              "question": "Manning'den \u00f6nce bir Super Bowl'da oynayan en ya\u015fl\u0131 kilit oyuncu kimdir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 214,
                  "text": "Super Bowl XXXIII"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56d704430d65d214001982e2",
              "question": "Elway 38 ya\u015f\u0131ndayken hangi Super Bowl'u kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 0,
                  "text": "Peyton Manning"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56d9a0eadc89441400fdb63e",
              "question": "\u0130ki tak\u0131m\u0131 birden \u00e7ok Super Bowl'a g\u00f6t\u00fcren ilk kilit oyuncu kimdir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 116,
                  "text": "39"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56d9a0eadc89441400fdb63f",
              "question": "Manning Super Bowl 50'de oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman ka\u00e7 ya\u015f\u0131ndayd\u0131?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 336,
                  "text": "John Elway"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56d9a0eadc89441400fdb640",
              "question": "Super Bowl XXXIII'te 38 ya\u015f\u0131nda olan kilit oyuncunun ad\u0131 nedir?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Akademi \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc kazanan\u0131 Marlee Matlin Amerikan \u0130\u015faret Dili(ASL) \u00e7evirisini yaparken alt\u0131 kez Grammy kazanan ve Akademi \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc aday\u0131 Lady Gaga ulusal mar\u015f\u0131 s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir. ",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 83,
                  "text": "alt\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56bec6ac3aeaaa14008c93fd",
              "question": "Lady Gaga ka\u00e7 Grammy kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 140,
                  "text": "ulusal mar\u015f\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56bec6ac3aeaaa14008c93fe",
              "question": "Lady Gaga neyi s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 110,
                  "text": "Akademi \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56bec6ac3aeaaa14008c93ff",
              "question": "Marlee Matlin hangi \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fc kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 140,
                  "text": "ulusal mar\u015f\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56bec6ac3aeaaa14008c9400",
              "question": "Marlee Matlin neyi \u00e7evirmi\u015ftir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 37,
                  "text": "Amerikan \u0130\u015faret Dili"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56bec6ac3aeaaa14008c9401",
              "question": "Marlee Matlin ulusal mar\u015f\u0131n hangi dilde \u00e7evirisini yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 130,
                  "text": "Lady Gaga"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56d20650e7d4791d00902614",
              "question": "Ulusal mar\u015f\u0131 kim s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 23,
                  "text": "Marlee Matlin"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56d20650e7d4791d00902615",
              "question": "Hangi sanat\u00e7\u0131 oyun i\u00e7in Amerikan \u0130\u015faret Dili \u00e7evirisi yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 130,
                  "text": "Lady Gaga"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56d7253b0d65d214001983d4",
              "question": "Super Bowl 50'de Ulusal Mar\u015f'\u0131 kim yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 23,
                  "text": "Marlee Matlin"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56d7253b0d65d214001983d5",
              "question": "Super Bowl 50'de Ulusal Mar\u015f i\u00e7in hangi erkek oyuncu g\u00f6revlendirilmi\u015ftir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 130,
                  "text": "Lady Gaga"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56d9c455dc89441400fdb7c4",
              "question": "Super Bowl 50 Ulusal Mar\u015f\u0131n\u0131 kim yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 83,
                  "text": "alt\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56d9c455dc89441400fdb7c5",
              "question": "Metin, Lady Gaga'n\u0131n ka\u00e7 Grammy \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemektedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 23,
                  "text": "Marlee Matlin"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56d9c455dc89441400fdb7c6",
              "question": "Super Bowl 50'de Ulusal Mar\u015f\u0131n dili i\u00e7in kim g\u00f6revlendirilmi\u015ftir?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Normal s\u00fcrenin bitimine 4:51 kala Carolina, kendi 24 yard \u00e7izgisinde bir oyun kazand\u0131ran hareketi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirme \u015fans\u0131 ile topa sahip oldu ve \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ve dokuzuncu ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131. Bir sonraki oyunda, Miller topu Newton'dan uzakla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131 ve birka\u00e7 oyuncunun dalmas\u0131ndan sonra geriye do\u011fru uzun bir s\u0131\u00e7rama ald\u0131 ve Panthers'lerin 4. yard \u00e7izgisine geri g\u00f6nderen Ward taraf\u0131ndan 5 yarda geri g\u00f6nderildi. Her ne kadar birka\u00e7 oyuncu kurtarmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak i\u00e7in toplulu\u011fa dalsa da, Newton bunu yapmad\u0131 ve sald\u0131rganl\u0131k eksikli\u011fi daha sonra ona a\u011f\u0131r ele\u015ftiriler getirdi. Bu arada, Denver'\u0131n savunmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 oyun i\u00e7in biti\u015f b\u00f6lgesinden uzak tutuldu ancak k\u00f6\u015fe vuru\u015funda bir penalt\u0131y\u0131 tutarak Josh Norman, Broncos'a yeni bir tak\u0131m yenilgiler tatt\u0131rd\u0131. Ard\u0131ndan Anderson 2 metrelik bir kale \u00e7izgisini ge\u00e7i\u015f ko\u015fusunda att\u0131 ve Manning 2 puanl\u0131k bir d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm i\u00e7in Bennie Fowler'a pas att\u0131 ve Denver'\u0131 3:08 zaman kala 24-10 \u00f6ne ge\u00e7irdi ve asl\u0131nda oyunun hakk\u0131nda geldi. Carolina'n\u0131n iki hamlesi daha vard\u0131 ancak her birinde ilk yenmesini almada ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z oldu.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 50,
                  "text": "24"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56beca913aeaaa14008c946d",
              "question": "Caroline, bitime 4:51 kala hangi yard \u00e7izgisi \u00fczerinde ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 210,
                  "text": "Newton"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56beca913aeaaa14008c946e",
              "question": "3. ve 9. \u00fczerinde kim topu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 674,
                  "text": "Josh Norman"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56beca913aeaaa14008c946f",
              "question": "Hangi Panther savunmac\u0131s\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc yenilgilerinin sebebi olarak bilinir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 742,
                  "text": "Anderson"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56beca913aeaaa14008c9470",
              "question": "Hangi oyuncu 2 \u00fczerinde topa vuru\u015f yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 840,
                  "text": "Bennie Fowler"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56beca913aeaaa14008c9471",
              "question": "Ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 2 nokta d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn al\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 kimdir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 198,
                  "text": "Miller"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56d726b60d65d214001983ea",
              "question": "Newton'dan topu 3. ve dokuza uzakla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 357,
                  "text": "Ward"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56d726b60d65d214001983eb",
              "question": "Uzakla\u015fan topu kim kurtard\u0131?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 210,
                  "text": "Newton"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56d726b60d65d214001983ec",
              "question": "Hangi futbolcu topu kurtarmak i\u00e7in toplulu\u011fa atlamamakla ele\u015ftirilmektedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 674,
                  "text": "Josh Norman"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56d726b60d65d214001983ed",
              "question": "Broncos'a yeni bir dizi yenilgiler veren penalt\u0131y\u0131 hangi Panthers oyuncusu edinmi\u015ftir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 877,
                  "text": "3:08"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56d726b60d65d214001983ee",
              "question": "Denver skoru 24-10'a getirdi\u011finde oyunda ne kadar s\u00fcre kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 24,
                  "text": "4:51"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56d9cb47dc89441400fdb832",
              "question": "Caroline d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc \u00e7eyrekteki kendilerinin 24 yard \u00e7izgisinde topu edindi\u011finde saatteki s\u00fcre neydi?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 198,
                  "text": "Miller"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56d9cb47dc89441400fdb833",
              "question": "D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc \u00e7eyre\u011fin sonunda Newton'dan topu uzakla\u015ft\u0131ran oyuncunun soyad\u0131 nedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 357,
                  "text": "Ward"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56d9cb47dc89441400fdb834",
              "question": "D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc \u00e7eyrekte Newton'un kaybetti\u011fi topu sonunda kurtaran oyuncunun soyad\u0131 nedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 587,
                  "text": "\u00fc\u00e7"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56d9cb47dc89441400fdb835",
              "question": "Denver, Newton'dan ald\u0131ktan sonra topu ka\u00e7 oyun biti\u015f alan\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131na tutmu\u015ftur?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 742,
                  "text": "Anderson"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56d9cb47dc89441400fdb836",
              "question": "D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc \u00e7eyrekte 2 yard kale \u00e7izgisini ge\u00e7i\u015f skoru yapan oyuncunun soyad\u0131 nedir?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "title": "Super_Bowl_50"
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "context": "Yak\u0131nlarda, Ogr\u00f3d Saski'de (Sakson Bah\u00e7esi), Yaz Tiyatrosu 1870'ten 1939'a kadar i\u015fletiliyordu ve sava\u015flar aras\u0131 d\u00f6nemde tiyatro kompleksi, Var\u015fova'n\u0131n ilk edebi kabaresi Momus ve Leon Schiller'in m\u00fczik tiyatrosu Melodram'\u0131 da i\u00e7eriyordu. Wojciech Bogus\u0142awski Tiyatrosu (1922\u201326), \"Polonya an\u0131tsal tiyatrosunun\" en iyi \u00f6rne\u011fiydi. 1930'lar\u0131n ortalar\u0131ndan itibaren B\u00fcy\u00fck Tiyatro binas\u0131, oyunculuk departman\u0131 ve sahne y\u00f6netmenli\u011fi departman\u0131 ile devletin ilk y\u00f6netti\u011fi dramatik sanat akademisi olan Upati Dramatik Sanatlar Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc'n\u00fc bar\u0131nd\u0131rd\u0131.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 12,
                  "text": "Ogr\u00f3d Saski"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57339c16d058e614000b5ec5",
              "question": "Sakson Bah\u00e7esi Leh\u00e7e'de nedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 28,
                  "text": "Sakson Bah\u00e7esi"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57339c16d058e614000b5ec6",
              "question": "Yaz Tiyatrosu nerede bulunmaktad\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 59,
                  "text": "1870'ten 1939"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57339c16d058e614000b5ec7",
              "question": "Yaz Tiyatrosu ne kadar s\u00fcre i\u015fletilmi\u015ftir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 171,
                  "text": "Momus"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57339c16d058e614000b5ec8",
              "question": "Var\u015fova'n\u0131n ilk edebi kabaresi nedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 239,
                  "text": "Wojciech Bogus\u0142awski Tiyatrosu"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57339c16d058e614000b5ec9",
              "question": "\"Polonya an\u0131tsal tiyatrosunun\" en iyi \u00f6rne\u011fi nedir?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Yerel rakipleri Polonya Var\u015fova, daha az destek\u00e7iye sahip ancak 2000 y\u0131l\u0131nda Ekstraklasa \u015eampiyonas\u0131n\u0131 kazanmay\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131lar. Ayr\u0131ca 1946'da \u00fclke \u015fampiyonlu\u011funu kazand\u0131 ve ayr\u0131ca kupay\u0131 iki kez kazand\u0131. Polonya'n\u0131n sahas\u0131 Konwiktorska Caddesi'nde, Eski Kent'e 10 dakikal\u0131k y\u00fcr\u00fcme mesafesinde yer almaktad\u0131r. Polonya, feci finansal durumlar\u0131 nedeniyle \u00fclkenin en \u00fcst liginden 2013'te \u00e7ekildi. \u015eu anda Ulusal - Polonya Futbol Federasyonu (PZPN) yap\u0131s\u0131ndaki en alt profesyonel lig olan 4. ligde (Polonya'da 5. seviye) oynuyorlar.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 16,
                  "text": "Polonya Var\u015fova"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5733a32bd058e614000b5f32",
              "question": "2000 y\u0131l\u0131nda Ekstraklasa \u015eampiyonas\u0131'n\u0131 kim kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 132,
                  "text": "1946"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5733a32bd058e614000b5f33",
              "question": "Polonya Var\u015fova, 2000'den \u00f6nce \u00fclke \u015fampiyonlu\u011funu ne zaman kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 185,
                  "text": "iki kez"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5733a32bd058e614000b5f34",
              "question": "Polonya kupay\u0131 ka\u00e7 kez kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 221,
                  "text": "Konwiktorska Caddesi"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5733a32bd058e614000b5f35",
              "question": "Polonya'n\u0131n sahas\u0131 nerede bulunmaktad\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 316,
                  "text": "feci finansal durumlar\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5733a32bd058e614000b5f36",
              "question": "Polonya 2013 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00fclkenin en \u00fcst liginden neden k\u00fcme d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcresince Var\u015fova \u00e7ok k\u00fclt\u00fcrl\u00fc bir \u015fehir olmu\u015ftur. 1901 n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131na g\u00f6re, 711.988 say\u0131daki n\u00fcfusun % 56,2'si Katolikler, % 35,7'si Yahudi, % 5'i Yunan Ortodoks H\u0131ristiyanlar\u0131 ve %2,8'i Protestanlard\u0131. Sekiz y\u0131l sonra 1909 y\u0131l\u0131nda 281.754 Yahudi (% 36,9), 18.189 Protestan (% 2,4) ve 2.818 Mariavite (% 0,4) vard\u0131. Bu, \u015fehrin her yerinde y\u00fczlerce dini ibadet yeri in\u015fa edilmesine yol a\u00e7t\u0131. 1944'teki Var\u015fova \u0130syan\u0131 sonras\u0131nda \u00e7o\u011fu tahrip edildi. Sava\u015ftan sonra, Polonya'n\u0131n yeni kom\u00fcnist otoriteleri kilise in\u015fas\u0131n\u0131 cayd\u0131rd\u0131 ve sadece k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir say\u0131da yeniden in\u015fa edildi.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 26,
                  "text": "\u00e7ok k\u00fclt\u00fcrl\u00fc"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57338007d058e614000b5bda",
              "question": "Var\u015fova, bir \u015fehir oldu\u011fundan beri ne t\u00fcr bir \u015fehir olmu\u015ftur?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 85,
                  "text": "711.988"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57338007d058e614000b5bdb",
              "question": "1901 y\u0131l\u0131nda Var\u015fova'n\u0131n n\u00fcfusu ne kadard\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 110,
                  "text": "% 56,2"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57338007d058e614000b5bdc",
              "question": "Var\u015fova'n\u0131n 1901 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki n\u00fcfusunun y\u00fczde ka\u00e7\u0131 Katoliktir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 189,
                  "text": "%2,8"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57338007d058e614000b5bdd",
              "question": "Var\u015fova'n\u0131n 1901 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki n\u00fcfusunun y\u00fczde ka\u00e7\u0131 Protestand\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 400,
                  "text": "1944"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57338007d058e614000b5bde",
              "question": "Var\u015fova'daki dini ibadet yerlerinin bir\u00e7o\u011fu ne zaman tahrip edilmi\u015ftir?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Polonya'daki b\u00f6lgesel ayr\u0131lma temel birimi bir kom\u00fcnd\u00fcr  (gmina). Bir \u015fehir ayn\u0131 zamanda bir kom\u00fcnd\u00fcr - ancak kent t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile. Hem \u015fehirler hem de kom\u00fcnler bir belediye ba\u015fkan\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilmektedir - ancak kom\u00fcnlerde belediye ba\u015fkan\u0131 vogt'tur (Leh\u00e7e'de w\u00f3jt), ancak \u015fehirlerde - burmistrz'dir. Baz\u0131 daha b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehirler, b\u00f6lgedeki b\u00f6l\u00fcnmenin ikinci seviyesindeki birimler taraf\u0131ndan sahip olunan g\u00f6rev ve ayr\u0131cal\u0131klar gibi yetkileri elde ederler - il\u00e7eler veya powiat'lar. Bu yetkilere \u00f6rnek olarak bir otomobil tescili verilebilir: bir gmina otomobilleri kaydedemez, bu bir powiat'\u0131n g\u00f6revidir (yani bir kay\u0131t numaras\u0131, bir araban\u0131n gmina'ya de\u011fil, hangi powiat'a kaydedilmi\u015f oldu\u011funa ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r). Bu durumda biz \u015fehir, il\u00e7e veya powiat grodzki hakk\u0131nda konu\u015fuyoruz. Bu \u015fehirler \u00f6rne\u011fin Lublin, Krakov, Gdansk, Poznan'd\u0131r. Var\u015fova'da, il\u00e7elerinde ek olarak baz\u0131 powiat'lar\u0131n yetkileri bulunmaktad\u0131r - daha \u00f6nce belirtilen araba kayd\u0131 gibi. \u00d6rne\u011fin, Wola il\u00e7esinin kendi kan\u0131t\u0131 vard\u0131r ve Ursyn\u00f3w b\u00f6lgesi- kendi (ve Wola'n\u0131n otomobillerinin Ursyn\u00f3w\u2019unkinden ba\u015fka bir kay\u0131t numaras\u0131) vard\u0131r. Ancak, \u00f6rne\u011fin Krak\u00f3w'daki il\u00e7elerde powiat haklar\u0131 yoktur, bu nedenle Krak\u00f3w'daki kay\u0131t numaralar\u0131 t\u00fcm il\u00e7elerde ayn\u0131 tiptedir.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 47,
                  "text": "kom\u00fcnd\u00fcr"
                }
              ],
              "id": "573380e0d058e614000b5be9",
              "question": "Polonya'daki b\u00f6lgesel ayr\u0131mlardaki temel y\u00f6netim nedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 453,
                  "text": "il\u00e7eler veya powiat"
                }
              ],
              "id": "573380e0d058e614000b5bea",
              "question": "Polonya'daki b\u00f6lgesel ayr\u0131mlardaki ikinci seviye nedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 1109,
                  "text": "Krak\u00f3w"
                }
              ],
              "id": "573380e0d058e614000b5beb",
              "question": "Hangi b\u00f6lgelerde arabalar i\u00e7in kay\u0131t numaralar\u0131n\u0131n hepsi ayn\u0131 tiptir?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Var\u015fova'n\u0131n ilk borsas\u0131 1817'de kuruldu ve II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131'na kadar ticaretine devam etti. Sava\u015f sonras\u0131 \u00fclkedeki kom\u00fcnist kontrol\u00fcn\u00fcn sona ermesinin ve serbest piyasa ekonomisinin yeniden ba\u015flat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan 1991 Nisan ay\u0131nda yeniden kuruldu. Bug\u00fcn Var\u015fova Menkul K\u0131ymetler Borsas\u0131 (WSE), bir\u00e7ok g\u00f6stergeye g\u00f6re 374 \u015firketin listede bulundu\u011fu ve 31 A\u011fustos 2009 itibariyle 162.584 milyon Avro tutar\u0131nda toplam i\u015fletme sermayesi bulunan b\u00f6lgedeki en b\u00fcy\u00fck pazard\u0131r. Ne gariptir ki 1991'den 2000'e kadar daha \u00f6nce Polonya Birle\u015fik \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Partisi'nin (PZPR) genel merkezi olarak kullan\u0131lan binada bulunuyordu.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 24,
                  "text": "1817"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5733834ed058e614000b5c26",
              "question": "Var\u015fova'n\u0131n ilk borsas\u0131 ne zaman kurulmu\u015ftur?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 43,
                  "text": "II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5733834ed058e614000b5c27",
              "question": "Var\u015fova borsas\u0131na ne durdurmu\u015ftur?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 215,
                  "text": "1991 Nisan"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5733834ed058e614000b5c28",
              "question": "Var\u015fova borsas\u0131n\u0131n yeniden a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 ne zamand\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 319,
                  "text": "374"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5733834ed058e614000b5c29",
              "question": "2009 A\u011fustos ay\u0131nda WSE'de ka\u00e7 tane \u015firket listelenmi\u015ftir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 519,
                  "text": "Polonya Birle\u015fik \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Partisi"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5733834ed058e614000b5c2a",
              "question": "WSE'nin 2000 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar bulundu\u011fu yer daha \u00f6nce kimin genel merkeziydi?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "title": "Warsaw"
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "context": "Rollo'nun geli\u015finden \u00f6nce pop\u00fclasyonlar\u0131 Picardy'den veya \"Franklar\" olarak nitelendirilen \u00cele-de-France'den farkl\u0131 de\u011fildi. Daha \u00f6nceki Viking yerle\u015fimcileri 880'lerde gelmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ancak do\u011fudaki koloniler (Roumois ve Pays de Caux) aras\u0131nda al\u00e7ak Seine vadisi \u00e7evresinde ve bat\u0131daki Cotentin Yar\u0131madas\u0131'ndaki koloniler aras\u0131nda b\u00f6l\u00fcnd\u00fc ve hemen hemen hi\u00e7bir yabanc\u0131 yerle\u015fimci olmadan n\u00fcfusun ayn\u0131 kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 geleneksel pagii ile ayr\u0131ld\u0131lar.  Normandiya ve Atlantik k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131na bask\u0131n d\u00fczenleyen ve yerle\u015fen Rollo'nun muhalifleri Norve\u00e7liler, \u0130skandinav-\u0130sko\u00e7yal\u0131lar, Orkney Vikingler, muhtemelen \u0130sve\u00e7liler ve Norve\u00e7 kontrol\u00fcndeki \u0130ngiliz Danelaw'lardan Anglo Danimarkal\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7ermektedir. ",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 0,
                  "text": "Rollo"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56dde1d966d3e219004dad8d",
              "question": "Kim geldi\u011finde orijinal viking yerle\u015fimcilerine ortak bir kimlik vermi\u015ftir?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Akdeniz'e ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in en \u00f6nde gelen iki Norman ailesi, Hauteville'den Tancred ve Drengot ailesinin soyundan geliyordu. Bunlardan biri Rainulf Drengot, 1030'da Napoli D\u00fck'\u00fc IV. Sergius'tan G\u00fcney'deki ilk Norman ayak basacak yeri olan Aversa il\u00e7esini ald\u0131. Hauteville ailesi, Salerno Prens'i IV. Guaimar'\u0131n \"Puglia ve Calabria D\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\" ilan etmesiyle soylu derecesini ald\u0131. Hemen se\u00e7tikleri liderleri William Iron Arm'\u0131 Melfi'nin ba\u015fkentindeki say\u0131m \u00fcnvan\u0131yla \u00f6d\u00fcllendirdi. Bundan sonra Drengot ailesi, Capua prensli\u011fini elde etti ve \u0130mparator III. Henry, Hauteville lideri Drogo'yu yasal olarak 1047\u2019de \"dux et magister Italiae comesque Normannorum totius Apuliae et Calabriae\" olarak asillendirmi\u015ftir. (\"\u0130talya'n\u0131n D\u00fck\u00fc ve Beyi ve t\u00fcm Puglia ve Calabria Normanlar\u0131n\u0131n Kontu\")",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 573,
                  "text": "Drogo"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56de0daecffd8e1900b4b595",
              "question": "III. Henry taraf\u0131ndan asillendirilmi\u015f liderin ad\u0131 nedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 400,
                  "text": "William Iron Arm"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56de0daecffd8e1900b4b596",
              "question": "Melfi Kontu kimdi?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Normanlar \u0130talya'ya girmeye ba\u015flad\u0131ktan k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra, Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu'na ve daha sonra Ermenistan'a girdiler, Pe\u00e7eneklere, Bulgarlara ve \u00f6zellikle Sel\u00e7uklu T\u00fcrkleri'ne kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015ft\u0131lar. Norman paral\u0131 askerleri ilk \u00f6nce Bizansl\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 hareket etmek i\u00e7in Lombardlar taraf\u0131ndan g\u00fcneye gelmeye te\u015fvik edildi fakat k\u0131sa s\u00fcre sonra Sicilya'da Bizans hizmetinde sava\u015ft\u0131lar. 1038\u201340 y\u0131llar\u0131nda George Maniaces'in Sicilya seferinde Varangian ve Lombard birlikleriyle birlikte \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lar. Yunan hizmetindeki Normanlar\u0131n asl\u0131nda Norman \u0130talya'dan gelip gelmedi\u011fi konusunda tart\u0131\u015fmalar var ve \u015fu anda muhtemelen sadece \u00e7ok az\u0131 oradan geldi. Ayr\u0131ca, Bizansl\u0131lar\u0131n dedi\u011fi \u015fekliyle \u201cFranklar\u0131n\u201d ne kadar\u0131n\u0131n di\u011fer Frans\u0131zlar de\u011fil Normanlar oldu\u011fu da bilinmemektedir.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 159,
                  "text": "Sel\u00e7uklu T\u00fcrkleri"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56de0f6a4396321400ee257f",
              "question": "Normanlar\u0131n \u0130talya, Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu ve Ermenistan'daki ana d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 kimdi?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Baz\u0131 Normanlar, uzak do\u011fu Anadolu\u2019daki Ermenilere tabi devlet olan Sasaun ve Taron devletlerinin y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131na yard\u0131m etmek i\u00e7in T\u00fcrk Kuvvetlerine kat\u0131ld\u0131lar. Daha sonralar\u0131 Kilikya ve Toros Da\u011flar\u0131'nda daha g\u00fcneyde bulunan Ermeni devleti ile birlikte g\u00f6rev yapt\u0131lar. Oursel ad\u0131nda bir Norman, Suriye'nin kuzeyindeki Yukar\u0131 F\u0131rat vadisine \"Franklar\"\u0131n kuvvetine \u00f6nderlik etti. 1073'ten 1074'e kadar Ermeni general Philaretus Brachamius'un 20.000 askerinin 8.000'i Norman'd\u0131 ve Raimbaud taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6nderlik ediliyordu - daha \u00f6nce Oursel'indi -. Hatta etnik k\u00f6kenlerini kendi kale adlar\u0131na verdiler: \u201cFranklar\u201d anlam\u0131na gelen Afranji. Amalfi ve Antakya ile Bari ve Tarsus aras\u0131ndaki bilinen ticaret, bu \u015fehirlerde Italo-Norman'lar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ilgili olabilirken, Amalfi ve Bari \u0130talya'da Norman y\u00f6netimi alt\u0131ndayd\u0131.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 619,
                  "text": "Afranji"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56de10b44396321400ee2593",
              "question": "Norman Kalesi'nin ad\u0131 neydi?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 263,
                  "text": "Oursel"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56de10b44396321400ee2594",
              "question": "Franklar F\u0131rat Havzas\u0131'na girdikleri zaman lider kimdi?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 124,
                  "text": "T\u00fcrk Kuvvetlerine"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56de10b44396321400ee2595",
              "question": "Kim Normanlar\u0131n Anadolu'da birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "1402 ve 1405 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Norman soylusu Jean de Bethencourt ve Poitevine Gadifer de la Salle \u00f6nderli\u011findeki sefer, Afrika'n\u0131n Atlantik k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131ndaki El Hierro, Fuerteventura ve Lanzarote'nin Kanarya adalar\u0131n\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irdi. Birlikleri Normandiya, Gascony'de topland\u0131 ve daha sonra Kastilya kolonileri taraf\u0131ndan takviye edildi.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 120,
                  "text": "Afrika"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56de49564396321400ee277a",
              "question": "Kanarya Adalar\u0131 k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131 hangi k\u0131tadad\u0131r?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "title": "Normans"
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "context": "Tesla, ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131 ve \u015fovmenli\u011fi ile \u00fcnl\u00fcyd\u00fc, sonunda pop\u00fcler k\u00fclt\u00fcrde \u00f6rnek te\u015fkil eden bir \"\u00e7\u0131lg\u0131n bilim adam\u0131\" olarak \u00fcn kazand\u0131. Patentleri ona, bir\u00e7o\u011fu \u00e7e\u015fitli derecelerde ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olan kendi projelerini finanse etmek i\u00e7in kullanan kayda de\u011fer miktarda para kazand\u0131rd\u0131:121.154. Hayat\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funu ve emeklili\u011fi boyunca bir dizi New York otellerinde ya\u015fad\u0131.Tesla, 7 Ocak 1943 tarihinde \u00f6ld\u00fc. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra g\u00f6receli olarak belirsizli\u011fe d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc, ancak 1960'ta, A\u011f\u0131rl\u0131klar ve \u00d6l\u00e7\u00fcler Hakk\u0131nda Genel Konferans, kendisinin onuruna SI manyetik ak\u0131 yo\u011funlu\u011fu birimini The Tesla olarak adland\u0131rd\u0131. 1990'l\u0131 y\u0131llardan beri Tesla'ya olan ilgide bir canlanma oldu.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 372,
                  "text": "1943"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56dfa0d84a1a83140091ebb7",
              "question": "Tesla hangi y\u0131l \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 540,
                  "text": "SI manyetik ak\u0131 yo\u011funlu\u011fu birimini"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56dfa0d84a1a83140091ebb8",
              "question": "Kendisinin onuruna ne \"The Tesla\" olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 330,
                  "text": "New York otellerinde"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56dfa0d84a1a83140091ebb9",
              "question": "Tesla hayat\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funda nerede ya\u015fam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 93,
                  "text": "\u00e7\u0131lg\u0131n bilim adam\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56dfa0d84a1a83140091ebba",
              "question": "Pop\u00fcler k\u00fclt\u00fcrde Tesla'n\u0131n \u00fcn\u00fc nedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 132,
                  "text": "Patentleri"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56e0bb9f7aa994140058e6cb",
              "question": "Tesla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l finanse etmi\u015ftir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 372,
                  "text": "1943"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56e0bb9f7aa994140058e6cc",
              "question": "Tesla hangi y\u0131l \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 540,
                  "text": "SI manyetik ak\u0131 yo\u011funlu\u011fu birimini"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56e0bb9f7aa994140058e6cd",
              "question": "A\u011f\u0131rl\u0131klar ve \u00d6l\u00e7\u00fcler Hakk\u0131nda Genel Konferans Tesla'dan sonra 1960 y\u0131l\u0131nda neyi adland\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 604,
                  "text": "1990'l\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56e0bb9f7aa994140058e6ce",
              "question": "\u0130nsanlar Tesla'ya tekrar ne zaman ilgi g\u00f6stermeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 21,
                  "text": "\u015fovmenli\u011fi"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56e0bb9f7aa994140058e6cf",
              "question": "Bilimsel ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Tesla neyi ile me\u015fhurdur?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Tesla, Edison'un \u015firketinden ayr\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra, Tesla'n\u0131n ad\u0131na Tesla Elektrik I\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u0130malat ismiyle bir elektrikli ayd\u0131nlatma \u015firketini finanse etmeyi kabul eden Benjamin Vail ve Robert Lane isminde iki i\u015f adam\u0131yla 1886 y\u0131l\u0131nda ortakl\u0131k kurdu. \u015eirket, Tesla taraf\u0131ndan tasarlanan elektrik ark \u0131\u015f\u0131k tabanl\u0131 ayd\u0131nlatma sistemlerini kurdu ve ABD'de Tesla'ya verilen ilk patentler olan dinamo elektrikli makine kom\u00fctat\u00f6rleri i\u00e7in tasar\u0131mlar yapt\u0131.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 165,
                  "text": "Benjamin Vail ve Robert Lane"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56dfb5777aa994140058e021",
              "question": "1886 y\u0131l\u0131nda kim Tesla ile ortakt\u0131?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 64,
                  "text": "Tesla Elektrik I\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u0130malat"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56dfb5777aa994140058e022",
              "question": "Lane ve Vail neyi finanse ettiler?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 255,
                  "text": "Tesla taraf\u0131ndan tasarlanan elektrik ark \u0131\u015f\u0131k tabanl\u0131 ayd\u0131nlatma sistemlerini kurdu"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56dfb5777aa994140058e023",
              "question": "Tesla Elektrik I\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u0130malat ne yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 370,
                  "text": "patentler"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56dfb5777aa994140058e024",
              "question": "Tesla \u015firketini ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ilk olarak ne yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 283,
                  "text": "elektrik ark \u0131\u015f\u0131k tabanl\u0131 ayd\u0131nlatma sistemlerini"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56dfb5777aa994140058e025",
              "question": "Tesla'n\u0131n \u015firketinde ne \u00fcretilmi\u015ftir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 165,
                  "text": "Benjamin Vail ve Robert Lane"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56e0d6cf231d4119001ac420",
              "question": "Tesla'n\u0131n yeni ortaklar\u0131n\u0131n isimleri nelerdi?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 218,
                  "text": "1886"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56e0d6cf231d4119001ac421",
              "question": "Tesla ile Lane ve Vail aras\u0131ndaki ortakl\u0131k ne zaman v\u00fccut bulmu\u015ftur?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 64,
                  "text": "Tesla Elektrik I\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u0130malat"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56e0d6cf231d4119001ac422",
              "question": "\u0130\u015fadamlar\u0131n\u0131n finanse etti\u011fi \u015firketin ad\u0131 neydi?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 283,
                  "text": "elektrik ark \u0131\u015f\u0131k tabanl\u0131 ayd\u0131nlatma sistemlerini kurdu"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56e0d6cf231d4119001ac423",
              "question": "Tesla Elektrik I\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u0130malat ne yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 0,
                  "text": "Tesla"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56e0d6cf231d4119001ac424",
              "question": "Tesla Elektrik I\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u0130malat'\u0131n kurdu\u011fu ayd\u0131nlatma sistemini kim tasarlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "1900 y\u0131l\u0131nda Tesla'ya \u201celektrik enerjisinin iletim sistemi\u201d ve \u201cbir elektrik transmiteri\u201d i\u00e7in patent verildi. Guglielmo Marconi 1901 y\u0131l\u0131nda ilk defa \u00fcnl\u00fc transatlantik radyo yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Tesla, bu iddiay\u0131 destekleyecek \u00e7ok az \u015fey olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, 17 Tesla patentiyle yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtti. Bu, Tesla'n\u0131n patentlerinin 1903'te onaylanmas\u0131 ve ard\u0131ndan 1904'te Marconi lehine ters bir karar verilmesiyle radyo \u00fczerinden yap\u0131lan patent sava\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131yd\u0131. 1943 y\u0131l\u0131nda Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri Yarg\u0131tay\u0131'n\u0131n karar\u0131, Tesla, Oliver Lodge ve John Stone'un \u00f6nceki patentlerini geri verdi.  Mahkeme, kararlar\u0131n\u0131n Marconi'nin radyo yay\u0131n\u0131n\u0131 ilk kez elde etme iddias\u0131na hi\u00e7bir etkisi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, sadece Marconi'nin belirli patentlere y\u00f6nelik iddias\u0131n\u0131n sorgulanabilece\u011fi i\u00e7in ayn\u0131 patentleri ihlal etti\u011fini iddia edemedi\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131 (Y\u00fcksek mahkemenin Tesla'n\u0131n \u00f6nceki patentini a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a geri vererek ABD h\u00fck\u00fcmetine kar\u015f\u0131 Marconi \u015eirketi taraf\u0131ndan bir D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 iddias\u0131n\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fcz k\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddialar\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r).",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 0,
                  "text": "1900"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56e0fc3f7aa994140058e877",
              "question": "Tesla ne zaman elektrik vericisi patentini alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 111,
                  "text": "Guglielmo Marconi"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56e0fc3f7aa994140058e878",
              "question": "Atlantik'in kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na radyo dalgalar\u0131n\u0131 ilk kim g\u00f6ndermi\u015ftir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 129,
                  "text": "1901"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56e0fc3f7aa994140058e879",
              "question": "Marconi'nin radyo g\u00f6sterisi ne zamand\u0131?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 473,
                  "text": "1943"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56e0fc3f7aa994140058e87a",
              "question": "Tesla'n\u0131n patentleri ne zaman geri verilmi\u015ftir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 486,
                  "text": "Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri Yarg\u0131tay\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56e0fc3f7aa994140058e87b",
              "question": "Tesla'n\u0131n patentlerini geri verme karar\u0131 ne taraf\u0131ndan verilmi\u015ftir?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Bu s\u00f6ylentilerden sonraki y\u0131llarda ne Tesla ne de Edison \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fc kazand\u0131 (Ger\u00e7i Edison 1915 y\u0131l\u0131nda 38 oydan birini ve Tesla 1937 y\u0131l\u0131nda 38 oydan birini ald\u0131.)",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 98,
                  "text": "38"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56e10aa5cd28a01900c674b3",
              "question": "1915 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00f6d\u00fcl i\u00e7in ne kadar olas\u0131 oy vard\u0131?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 50,
                  "text": "Edison"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56e10aa5cd28a01900c674b4",
              "question": "1915 y\u0131l\u0131nda kim bir oy alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 123,
                  "text": "1937"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56e10aa5cd28a01900c674b5",
              "question": "Tesla hangi y\u0131l Nobel \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc i\u00e7in bir oy alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Ancak yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 di\u011fer a\u00e7\u0131klamalardan dolay\u0131 dini g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri belirsizli\u011fini koruyor. \u00d6rne\u011fin, 1937'de yay\u0131nlanan \"Sava\u015f\u0131 Bitirecek Bir Makine\" adl\u0131 makalesinde Tesla \u015funlar\u0131 belirtti:",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 109,
                  "text": "\"Sava\u015f\u0131 Bitirecek Bir Makine\""
                }
              ],
              "id": "56e1254ae3433e1400422c66",
              "question": "1937 y\u0131l\u0131nda hangi makale yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 57,
                  "text": "belirsizli\u011fini"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56e1254ae3433e1400422c67",
              "question": "Belirli a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 dini g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerinda inan\u0131lan durum neydi?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 110,
                  "text": "Sava\u015f\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56e1254ae3433e1400422c68",
              "question": "Bu makalenin ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda makine neyi durdurmay\u0131 ummaktad\u0131r?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "title": "Nikola_Tesla"
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "context": "Hesaplamal\u0131 karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k teorisi, hesaplama problemlerini kendi zorluklar\u0131na g\u00f6re s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmaya ve bu s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131 birbirleriyle ili\u015fkilendirmeye odaklanan teorik bilgisayar bilimlerinde hesaplama teorisinin bir dal\u0131d\u0131r. Hesaplamal\u0131 bir problemin, bir algoritma gibi matematiksel ad\u0131mlar\u0131n mekanik uygulamalar taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclebilece\u011fini saptamaya e\u015fde\u011fer bir bilgisayar taraf\u0131ndan problemin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmeye elveri\u015fli bir g\u00f6rev oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 0,
                  "text": "Hesaplamal\u0131 karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k teorisi"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56e16182e3433e1400422e28",
              "question": "Teorik bilgisayar biliminin hangi dal\u0131, hesaplama problemlerini zorluklar\u0131na ve ili\u015fki s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131na g\u00f6re s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rabilir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 57,
                  "text": "kendi zorluklar\u0131na"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56e16182e3433e1400422e29",
              "question": "Hesaplamal\u0131 problemler hangi ana niteliklere g\u00f6re hesaplamal\u0131 karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k teorisi kullan\u0131larak s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 33,
                  "text": "hesaplama problemlerini"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56e16182e3433e1400422e2a",
              "question": "Genellikle bir bilgisayar taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmesine katk\u0131da bulunan g\u00f6revin terimi nedir?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Hesaplamal\u0131 problemler g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bir problem \u00f6rne\u011fi bir alfabe \u00fczerindeki bir dizidir. Genellikle, alfabe ikili alfabe olarak al\u0131n\u0131r (yani, {0,1} k\u00fcmesi) ve b\u00f6ylece diziler bit dizisi olur. Ger\u00e7ek d\u00fcnyadaki bir bilgisayarda oldu\u011fu gibi, bit dizileri d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki matematiksel nesnelerin uygun \u015fekilde kodlanmas\u0131 gerekir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, tam say\u0131lar ikili d\u00fczen g\u00f6sterimiyle g\u00f6sterilebilir ve grafikler do\u011frudan biti\u015fiklik matrisleriyle veya biti\u015fiklik listelerini ikili olarak kodlayarak kodlanabilir.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 50,
                  "text": "problem \u00f6rne\u011fi"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa0",
              "question": "Hesaplamal\u0131 bir problemde, bir alfabe \u00fczerindeki bir dizi olarak ne tan\u0131mlanabilir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 119,
                  "text": "ikili"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa1",
              "question": "Bir problem \u00f6rne\u011finde en s\u0131k kullan\u0131lan alfabenin ad\u0131 nedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 186,
                  "text": "bit dizisi"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa2",
              "question": "Bir problem \u00f6rne\u011fi dizisi i\u00e7in ba\u015fka bir terim nedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 352,
                  "text": "ikili d\u00fczen g\u00f6sterimiyle"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa3",
              "question": "Matematiksel nesnelerin kodlanmas\u0131nda, tamsay\u0131lar\u0131n s\u0131k\u00e7a ifade edilme \u015fekli nedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 414,
                  "text": "biti\u015fiklik matrisleriyle"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa4",
              "question": "Grafiklerin kodlanabilmesinin tek yolu nedir?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Fonksiyon problemleri kavram\u0131n\u0131n karar problemleri kavram\u0131ndan daha zengin oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek caziptir. Ancak, durum ger\u00e7ekte b\u00f6yle de\u011fildir, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc fonksiyon problemleri karar problemi olarak yeniden ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, iki tamsay\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7arp\u0131m\u0131, a x b = c ili\u015fkisini koruyacak \u015fekilde \u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc k\u00fcmesi(a, b, c) olarak ifade edilebilir. Belirli bir \u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcn\u00fcn bu setin bir \u00fcyesi olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na karar vermek, iki say\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7arp\u0131lmas\u0131 probleminin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelir.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 33,
                  "text": "karar problemleri"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56e1a0dccd28a01900c67a2e",
              "question": "Fonksiyon problemleri tipik olarak nas\u0131l yeniden d\u00fczenlenebilir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 289,
                  "text": "\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc k\u00fcmesi"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56e1a0dccd28a01900c67a2f",
              "question": "\u0130ki tamsay\u0131 \u00e7arp\u0131l\u0131rsa ve bir de\u011fer \u00e7\u0131karsa, bu ifade k\u00fcmesi ne olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Belirli bir zaman ve alan kullanarak bir problemi \u00e7\u00f6zmenin ne demek oldu\u011funa dair kesin bir tan\u0131m i\u00e7in, deterministik Turing makinesi gibi bir hesaplamal\u0131 model kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Deterministik bir Turing makinesi M'nin x giri\u015finde ihtiya\u00e7 duyulan s\u00fcre, makine durmadan ve cevab\u0131 (\"evet\" veya \"hay\u0131r\") \u00fcretmeden \u00f6nce yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 toplam durum ge\u00e7i\u015fleri veya ad\u0131m say\u0131lar\u0131d\u0131r . Bir M Turing makinesinin, her bir uzunluk n n giri\u015finde M taraf\u0131ndan istenen s\u00fcrenin en fazla f(n) olmas\u0131 durumunda, f(n) s\u00fcresi i\u00e7erisinde i\u015fledi\u011fi s\u00f6ylenir. Problemi \u00e7\u00f6zen f(n) zaman\u0131nda i\u015fleyen bir Turing makinesi varsa, f(n) zaman\u0131nda bir A karar problemi \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclebilir. Karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k teorisi problemleri zorluklar\u0131na g\u00f6re s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmakla ilgilendi\u011finden, baz\u0131 kriterler temelinde problemler tan\u0131mlanmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, deterministik bir Turing makinesi \u00fczerindeki f(n) s\u00fcresi i\u00e7inde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclebilen problemler seti DTIME (f(n)) ile ifade edilir.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 325,
                  "text": "durum ge\u00e7i\u015fleri"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56e1b62ecd28a01900c67aa3",
              "question": "Deterministik bir Turing makinesine bir cevap vermek i\u00e7in gerekli olan zaman nedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 670,
                  "text": "zorluklar\u0131na"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56e1b62ecd28a01900c67aa4",
              "question": "Karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k teorisi, hangi temel \u00f6zelli\u011fe dayanarak problemleri s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 877,
                  "text": "DTIME (f(n))"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56e1b62ecd28a01900c67aa5",
              "question": "Deterministik bir Turing makinesinde zaman i\u00e7inde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclebilen herhangi bir bilinen seriyi tan\u0131mlamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan ifade nedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 12,
                  "text": "zaman"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56e1b62ecd28a01900c67aa6",
              "question": "Bir Turing makinesinin herhangi belirli bir problemi \u00e7\u00f6zme yetisinin belirlenmesinde de\u011ferlendirmede \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclen en kritik kaynak nedir?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Bilinen bir\u00e7ok karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n e\u015fit olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u015f\u00fcphelenilmektedir, ancak bu kan\u0131tlanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin P \u2286 NP \u2286 PP \u2286 PSPACE, ancak P = PSPACE olabilir. P, NP'ye e\u015fit de\u011filse, P de PSPACE'e e\u015fit de\u011fildir. P ve PSPACE aras\u0131nda RP, BPP, PP, BQP, MA, PH, vb. gibi bilinen bir\u00e7ok karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 oldu\u011fundan, t\u00fcm bu karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n\u0131 bir s\u0131n\u0131fa daraltmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Bu s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n herhangi birinin e\u015fit olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kan\u0131tlamak, karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k teorisinde \u00f6nemli bir at\u0131l\u0131m olacakt\u0131r.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 37,
                  "text": "e\u015fit olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u015f\u00fcphelenilmektedir"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56e1ee4de3433e1400423210",
              "question": "Genellikle karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n\u0131n de\u011ferine atfedilen kan\u0131tlanmam\u0131\u015f varsay\u0131m nedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 110,
                  "text": "P \u2286 NP \u2286 PP \u2286 PSPACE"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56e1ee4de3433e1400423211",
              "question": "Karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n\u0131n \u015f\u00fcpheli e\u015fitsizli\u011fini \u00f6rneklemek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilecek bir ifade nedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 211,
                  "text": "P ve PSPACE aras\u0131nda"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56e1ee4de3433e1400423212",
              "question": "RP, BPP, PP, BQP, MA ve PH karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131 nerede bulunabilir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 377,
                  "text": "Bu s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n herhangi birinin e\u015fit olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kan\u0131tlamak"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56e1ee4de3433e1400423214",
              "question": "Karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki ve i\u00e7indeki hangi kan\u0131tlar, karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k teorisi i\u00e7in teorik bir havzay\u0131 i\u015faret edecektir?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "title": "Computational_complexity_theory"
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "context": "\ufeffGe\u00e7mi\u015f zamanlarda bedensel ceza (fiziksel ac\u0131ya yol a\u00e7mak \u00fczere \u00f6\u011frenciye tokat atma veya \u015faplak atma veya sopayla vurma veya kemerle d\u00f6vme veya \u00f6\u011frenciyi falakaya yat\u0131rma), d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu b\u00f6lgesinde en yayg\u0131n okul disiplini bi\u00e7imlerinden biriydi. \u00c7o\u011fu Bat\u0131l\u0131 \u00fclke ve baz\u0131 di\u011fer \u00fclkeler, art\u0131k bedensel cezay\u0131 yasaklam\u0131\u015f olsa da, \u015faplak atman\u0131n ABD Anayasas\u0131'n\u0131 ihlal etmedi\u011fini karara ba\u011flayan 1977 tarihli bir ABD Anayasa Mahkemesi karar\u0131n\u0131 takiben bedensel ceza Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri'nde yasal olarak kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 200,
                  "text": "en yayg\u0131n okul disiplini bi\u00e7imlerinden biriydi"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56e7586d37bdd419002c3eb3",
              "question": "Bedensel ceza ge\u00e7mi\u015fte ne kadar yayg\u0131nd\u0131?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 248,
                  "text": "\u00c7o\u011fu Bat\u0131l\u0131 \u00fclke"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56e7586d37bdd419002c3eb4",
              "question": "Bedensel ceza nerede art\u0131k uygulanmamaktad\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 465,
                  "text": "Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri'nde"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56e7586d37bdd419002c3eb5",
              "question": "Hangi Bat\u0131l\u0131 \u00fclkede bedensel cezaya h\u00e2l\u00e2 izin verilmektedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 412,
                  "text": "ABD Anayasa Mahkemesi"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56e7586d37bdd419002c3eb6",
              "question": "Hangi ABD kurumu bedensel cezan\u0131n anayasaya uygun oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 34,
                  "text": "fiziksel ac\u0131ya"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56e7586d37bdd419002c3eb7",
              "question": "Bedensel ceza bir \u00f6\u011frencide neye neden olur?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Galler'deki \u00f6\u011fretmenler ATL, NUT veya NASUWT gibi sendikalar\u0131n kay\u0131tl\u0131 \u00fcyesidir ve son y\u0131llardaki raporlar, \u00f6\u011fretmenlerin ge\u00e7en y\u0131llardan daha gen\u00e7 olmas\u0131yla Galler'deki \u00f6\u011fretmenlerin ortalama ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ileri s\u00fcrmektedir. Galler okullar\u0131nda \u00f6\u011fretmenlere yap\u0131lan sald\u0131r\u0131lar 2005 ve 2010 aras\u0131nda t\u00fcm zamanlar\u0131n en y\u00fcksek d\u00fczeyine ula\u015farak giderek daha fazla endi\u015feye sebep olmaktad\u0131r.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 50,
                  "text": "sendikalar\u0131n"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56e7788200c9c71400d77180",
              "question": "Galler'deki \u00f6\u011fretmenler hangi gruba kaydolabilir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 201,
                  "text": "d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56e7788200c9c71400d77181",
              "question": "Galler'deki \u00f6\u011fretmenlerin ortalama ya\u015f\u0131nda nas\u0131l bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik olmaktad\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 281,
                  "text": "2005 ve 2010"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56e7788200c9c71400d77182",
              "question": "\u00d6\u011fretmenlere yap\u0131lan sald\u0131r\u0131lar en y\u00fcksek seviyeye ne zaman ula\u015ft\u0131?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 50,
                  "text": "sendikalar\u0131n"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56e7788200c9c71400d77183",
              "question": "NASUWT nedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 365,
                  "text": "endi\u015feye"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56e7788200c9c71400d77184",
              "question": "\u00d6\u011fretmenlere yap\u0131lan sald\u0131r\u0131lar neye sebep olmaktad\u0131r?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri'nde her eyalet devlet okullar\u0131nda \u00f6\u011fretmenlik yapma lisans\u0131 almak i\u00e7in gereksinimleri belirler. \u00d6\u011fretim sertifikasyonu genelde \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l devam eder, ama \u00f6\u011fretmenler on y\u0131la varan uzunlukta sertifikalar alabilirler. Devlet okulu \u00f6\u011fretmenlerinin bir lisans derecesine sahip olmas\u0131 \u015fart ko\u015fulmakta ve \u00f6\u011fretmenlerinin \u00e7o\u011funun e\u011fitim verdikleri eyalet taraf\u0131ndan tasdik edilmeleri gerekmektedir. \u00c7o\u011fu s\u00f6zle\u015fmeli okul, Hi\u00e7bir \u00c7ocuk Geride Kalmas\u0131n yasas\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bi\u00e7imde y\u00fcksek vas\u0131fl\u0131 olma standartlar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131klar\u0131 s\u00fcrece \u00f6\u011fretmenlerinin tasdik edilmesini \u015fart ko\u015fmaz. Ek olarak vekil/ge\u00e7ici \u00f6\u011fretmenlere y\u00f6nelik gereksinimler, genelde tam zamanl\u0131 profesyonellere y\u00f6nelik gereksinimler kadar sert de\u011fildir. \u0130\u015f G\u00fcc\u00fc \u0130statistikleri B\u00fcrosu, ABD'de 1,4 milyon ilkokul \u00f6\u011fretmeni, 674.000 ortaokul \u00f6\u011fretmeni ve 1 milyon lise \u00f6\u011fretmeni istihdam edildi\u011fini tahmin etmektedir.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 32,
                  "text": "her eyalet"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56e7796637bdd419002c3ffd",
              "question": "ABD'de \u00f6\u011fretmenler i\u00e7in gereksinimlere kim karar verir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 190,
                  "text": "on y\u0131la"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56e7796637bdd419002c3ffe",
              "question": "Bir \u00f6\u011fretmenlik sertifikas\u0131n\u0131n ge\u00e7erli oldu\u011fu en uzun s\u00fcre nedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 273,
                  "text": "lisans derecesine"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56e7796637bdd419002c3fff",
              "question": "Bir devlet okulu \u00f6\u011fretmeni en az hangisine sahip olmal\u0131d\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 421,
                  "text": "s\u00f6zle\u015fmeli okul"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56e7796637bdd419002c4000",
              "question": "Hangi kurum \u00f6\u011fretmenlerinin tasdik edilmesini \u015fart ko\u015fmayabilir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 438,
                  "text": "Hi\u00e7bir \u00c7ocuk Geride Kalmas\u0131n"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56e7796637bdd419002c4001",
              "question": "S\u00f6zle\u015fmeli bir okul \u00f6\u011fretmenlerinin hangi mevzuat uyar\u0131nca y\u00fcksek vas\u0131fl\u0131 olma standartlar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamas\u0131n\u0131 \u015fart ko\u015fabilir?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Hinduizm'de ruhsal \u00f6\u011fretmen guru olarak bilinir ve Hinduizmin \u00e7o\u011fu gelene\u011finde, \u00f6zellikle de Bat\u0131'da yayg\u0131n olanlarda ruhsal ak\u0131l hocal\u0131\u011f\u0131na yap\u0131lan vurgu son derece y\u00fcksektir ve gurular s\u0131kl\u0131kla talebelerinin ya\u015famlar\u0131nda epey kontrole sahiptir.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 28,
                  "text": "guru"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56e77cee00c9c71400d771a8",
              "question": "Hinduizm'de ruhsal \u00f6\u011fretmenin ad\u0131 nedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 155,
                  "text": "son derece y\u00fcksektir"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56e77cee00c9c71400d771a9",
              "question": "Hinduizm'de ruhasl ak\u0131l hocal\u0131\u011f\u0131na yap\u0131lan vurgu \u00e7ok mudur, az m\u0131d\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 196,
                  "text": "talebelerinin"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56e77cee00c9c71400d771aa",
              "question": "Gurular kimleri kontrol eder?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 93,
                  "text": "Bat\u0131'da"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56e77cee00c9c71400d771ab",
              "question": "Hangi b\u00f6lgede ruhsal ak\u0131l hocal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n son derece y\u00fcksek olmas\u0131 yayg\u0131nd\u0131r?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Tibet Budizmi'nde Tibet'teki Dharma hocalar\u0131 en yayg\u0131n bi\u00e7imde Lama olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Bodhisattva yeminlerini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in Phowa ve siddhi \u00fczerinden bilin\u00e7li olarak \u00e7o\u011fu zaman bir\u00e7ok kez yeniden do\u011fmaya kararl\u0131 olan Lama'ya Tulku ad\u0131 verilir.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 63,
                  "text": "Lama"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56e77da237bdd419002c403b",
              "question": "Tibet Budizmi'nde \u00f6\u011fretmenin ad\u0131 nedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 192,
                  "text": "yeniden do\u011fmaya"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56e77da237bdd419002c403c",
              "question": "Bir Lama ne yapmaya kararl\u0131d\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 229,
                  "text": "Tulku"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56e77da237bdd419002c403d",
              "question": "Bodhisattva yemininin ad\u0131 nedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 181,
                  "text": "bir\u00e7ok kez"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56e77da237bdd419002c403e",
              "question": "Bir Lama ka\u00e7 kez yeniden do\u011fmay\u0131 kabul etmi\u015ftir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 128,
                  "text": "Phowa ve siddhi"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56e77da237bdd419002c403f",
              "question": "Lama'n\u0131n yeniden do\u011fmaya azmetmesine ne yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmu\u015ftur?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "title": "Teacher"
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "context": "Luther'in yazmalar\u0131 hen\u00fcz daha 1519 y\u0131l\u0131nda yayg\u0131n bi\u00e7imde dola\u015f\u0131ma sokularak Fransa, \u0130ngiltere ve \u0130talya'ya ula\u015ft\u0131. \u00d6\u011frenciler Luther'in konu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 dinlemek i\u00e7in Wittenberg'e ak\u0131n ediyordu. Galatyal\u0131lar \u00fczerine k\u0131sa bir tefsir ve Mezmurlar hakk\u0131ndaki \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 yay\u0131nlad\u0131. Luther'in kariyerinin bu erken k\u0131sm\u0131, en yarat\u0131c\u0131 ve \u00fcretken zamanlar\u0131ndan biriydi. En \u00e7ok bilinen \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131ndan \u00fc\u00e7\u00fc 1520 y\u0131l\u0131nda yay\u0131nland\u0131: Alman Ulusunun Hristiyan Soylular\u0131na Bir Sesleni\u015f (An den christlichen Adel deutscher Nation von des christlichen Standes Besserung), Kilisenin Babil Tutsakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (Von der babylonischen Gefangenschaft der Kirche) ve Bir Hristiyan\u0131n \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00dczerine (Von der Freiheit eines Christenmenschen).",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 31,
                  "text": "1519"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56f8094aa6d7ea1400e17391",
              "question": "Luther'in yazmalar\u0131 Fransa, \u0130ngiltere ve \u0130talya'ya ne zaman yay\u0131ld\u0131?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 117,
                  "text": "\u00d6\u011frenciler"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56f8094aa6d7ea1400e17392",
              "question": "Luther'in konu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 dinlemek i\u00e7in Wittenberg'e kimler gitti?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 301,
                  "text": "erken"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56f8094aa6d7ea1400e17393",
              "question": "Luther'in kariyerinin hangi k\u0131sm\u0131 en \u00fcretken zamanlar\u0131ndan biriydi?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 395,
                  "text": "1520"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56f8094aa6d7ea1400e17394",
              "question": "Luther'in en \u00e7ok bilinen eserlerinden baz\u0131lar\u0131 ne zaman yay\u0131nland\u0131?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 634,
                  "text": "Bir Hristiyan\u0131n \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00dczerine (Von der Freiheit eines Christenmenschen)"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56f8094aa6d7ea1400e17395",
              "question": "Luther, 1520'de Alman Ulusunun Hristiyan Soylular\u0131na Bir Sesleni\u015f ve Kilisenin Babil Tutsakl\u0131\u011f\u0131'n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra hangi di\u011fer eseri yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "1521 senesinin yaz\u0131nda, Luther hedefini end\u00fclijanslar ve kutsal yolculuklar gibi bireysel inan\u00e7lardan Kilise pratiklerinin kalbindeki doktrinlere geni\u015fletti. \u00d6zel Ayinin Kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda adl\u0131 eserinde, kilise ayininin bir fedak\u00e2rl\u0131k oldu\u011fu fikrini putperestlik olarak mahk\u00fbm etti ve bunun daha ziyade t\u00fcm cemaat taraf\u0131ndan \u015f\u00fckranla kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131 gereken bir hediye oldu\u011funu ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fc. G\u00fcnah \u00c7\u0131karma \u00dczerine, Papaz\u0131n Bunu \u015eart Ko\u015fma G\u00fcc\u00fc Olup Olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 adl\u0131 denemesi, zorunlu g\u00fcnah \u00e7\u0131karmay\u0131 reddetti ve \"her Hristiyan bir g\u00fcnah \u00e7\u0131kartan\" oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in \u00f6zel g\u00fcnah \u00e7\u0131kartmay\u0131 ve affetmeyi te\u015fvik etti. Kas\u0131m ay\u0131nda Luther, Martin Luther'in Ke\u015fi\u015f Yeminleri Hakk\u0131ndaki Kan\u0131s\u0131'n\u0131 yazd\u0131. Ke\u015fi\u015flerin ve rahibelerin g\u00fcnah olmaks\u0131z\u0131n yeminlerini bozabilecekleri konusunda ke\u015fi\u015f ve rahibeleri temin etti; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc yeminler, gayr\u0131me\u015fru ve beyhude bir kurtulu\u015fa eri\u015fme \u00e7abas\u0131yd\u0131.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 0,
                  "text": "1521 senesinin yaz\u0131nda"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56f84485aef2371900625f71",
              "question": "Luther sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 temel Kilise doktrinlerini i\u00e7erecek bi\u00e7imde ne zaman geni\u015fletti?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 253,
                  "text": "putperestlik olarak mahk\u00fbm etti"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56f84485aef2371900625f72",
              "question": "Luther, fedak\u00e2rl\u0131k olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclen kilise ayinini nas\u0131l tarif ediyordu?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 362,
                  "text": "hediye"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56f84485aef2371900625f73",
              "question": "Luther, kilise ayinini fedak\u00e2rl\u0131k yerine ne olarak adland\u0131r\u0131yordu?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 555,
                  "text": "\u00f6zel g\u00fcnah \u00e7\u0131kartmay\u0131 ve affetmeyi"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56f84485aef2371900625f74",
              "question": "Zorunlu g\u00fcnah \u00e7\u0131kartmay\u0131 reddeden Luther hangi \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131da bulundu?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 728,
                  "text": "yeminlerini bozabilecekleri"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56f84485aef2371900625f75",
              "question": "Luther, ke\u015fi\u015f ve rahibelere yeminleri hakk\u0131nda ne s\u00f6yledi?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Almanca yay\u0131nlara olan talebin artmakta oldu\u011fu bir zamanda yay\u0131nlanan Luther'in \u0130ncil'i, h\u0131zl\u0131 bi\u00e7imde pop\u00fcler ve etkili bir \u0130ncil \u00e7evirisi h\u00e2line geldi. \u00d6yle ki, Alman dili ve edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n evrimine kaydade\u011fer bir katk\u0131da bulundu. Luther taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131lan notlar, \u00f6ns\u00f6zler ve papal\u0131k kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 imgeler i\u00e7eren, Lucas Cranach taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan grav\u00fcrlerle bezeli bu \u0130ncil, Luther'in doktrininin Almanya genelinde yay\u0131lmas\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7apl\u0131 bir rol oynad\u0131. Luther \u0130ncili, Kral James \u0130ncili'nin bir \u00f6nc\u00fcs\u00fc olan William Tyndale'in \u0130ngilizce \u0130ncil'i (1525'ten itibaren) gibi di\u011fer yerel dildeki \u00e7evirileri etkiledi.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 0,
                  "text": "Almanca yay\u0131nlara"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56f86e91aef2371900626067",
              "question": "Martin Luther'in zaman\u0131nda reva\u00e7ta olan neydi?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 125,
                  "text": "\u0130ncil"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56f86e91aef2371900626068",
              "question": "Luther'in hangi eseri pop\u00fcler oldu?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 163,
                  "text": "Alman dili ve edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n evrimine"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56f86e91aef2371900626069",
              "question": "Luther'in \u00e7evirisinin pop\u00fcler olmas\u0131 neye katk\u0131da bulunmu\u015ftur?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 309,
                  "text": "Lucas Cranach"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56f86e91aef237190062606a",
              "question": "Luther'in \u0130ncili'nin grav\u00fcrlerini hangi sanat\u00e7\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 505,
                  "text": "William Tyndale"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56f86e91aef237190062606b",
              "question": "Luther \u0130ncili kimin \u0130ngilizce \u0130ncil \u00e7evirisini etkilemi\u015ftir?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Luther'in ilahileri, s\u0131k s\u0131k ya\u015fam\u0131ndaki belirli olaylar\u0131 ve geli\u015fmekte olan Reform hareketini \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmaktayd\u0131. Bu davran\u0131\u015f, Roma Katolik Kilisesi taraf\u0131ndan Lutherci g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri nedeniyle \u015fehit edilen ilk bireyler olan Johann Esch ve Heinrich Voes'in idam edilmesini \u00f6\u011frenmesiyle ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve Luther'in \u0130ngilizcede genellikle John C. Messenger'\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve ilk sat\u0131r\u0131 olan \"Flung to the Heedless Winds\" (\"Aymaz r\u00fczgarlara f\u0131rlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f\") dizesinin \u00e7evirisiyle bilinen ve 1875'te Maria C. Tiddeman taraf\u0131ndan bestelenen Ibstone ezgisiyle s\u00f6ylenen \"Ein neues Lied wir heben an\" (\"Kald\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z yeni bir \u015fark\u0131\") adl\u0131 ilahiyi yazmas\u0131na neden olmu\u015ftur.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 29,
                  "text": "ya\u015fam\u0131ndaki belirli olaylar\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56f8720eaef237190062608f",
              "question": "Luther'in ilahiler yazmas\u0131na neden olan nedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 160,
                  "text": "Lutherci g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56f8720eaef2371900626090",
              "question": "Johann Esch ve Heinrich Voes, Katolik Kilisesi taraf\u0131ndan ni\u00e7in idam edilmi\u015ftir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 552,
                  "text": "Ein neues Lied wir heben an"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56f8720eaef2371900626091",
              "question": "Luther Esch ve Voes'in \u015fehadetinin ard\u0131ndan hangi ilahiyi yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 329,
                  "text": "John C. Messenger"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56f8720eaef2371900626092",
              "question": "Bu ilahiyi \u0130ngilizceye \u00e7eviren kimdir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 381,
                  "text": "Flung to the Heedless Winds"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56f8720eaef2371900626093",
              "question": "\u0130lahi \u0130ngilizcede hangi adla bilinir?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Luther'in son c\u00fcmlesini yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir k\u00e2\u011f\u0131t par\u00e7as\u0131 daha sonra bulunmu\u015ftur. C\u00fcmle, Almanca olan \"Biz dilencileriz\" par\u00e7as\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Latincedir.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 10,
                  "text": "son c\u00fcmlesini"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56f8ca289b226e1400dd1007",
              "question": "Daha sonra Luther taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ke\u015ffedilen \u015fey nedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 129,
                  "text": "Latincedir"
                }
              ],
              "id": "56f8ca289b226e1400dd1008",
              "question": "C\u00fcmlenin \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu hangi dilde yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? "
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 94,
                  "text": "\"Biz dilencileriz\""
                }
              ],
              "id": "56f8ca289b226e1400dd1009",
              "question": "Luther'in son c\u00fcmlesinin hangi k\u0131sm\u0131 Almancayd\u0131?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "title": "Martin_Luther"
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "context": "G\u00fcney Kaliforniya, yap\u0131la\u015fman\u0131n yo\u011fun oldu\u011fu bir kentsel \u00e7evreden olu\u015fur. Buras\u0131, eyaletteki yap\u0131la\u015fmam\u0131\u015f olarak b\u0131rak\u0131lan geni\u015f alanlar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra bulunan en geni\u015f kentsel alanlardan baz\u0131lar\u0131na ev sahipli\u011fi yapar. Buras\u0131, Great Lakes Megapol\u00fcn\u00fcn ve Kuzeydo\u011fu megapol\u00fcn\u00fcn ard\u0131ndan Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri'ndeki en \u00e7ok n\u00fcfusa sahip \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc megapold\u00fcr. G\u00fcney Kaliforniya'n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu b\u00f6lgesi, geni\u015f, yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f kentsel topluluklar\u0131 ve otomobille otoban kullan\u0131m\u0131yla me\u015fhurdur. Bask\u0131n b\u00f6lgeler, her biri bir\u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u015fehir ve topluluktan olu\u015fan kendi metropol b\u00f6lgesinin merkezi olan Los Angeles, Orange County, San Diego, ve Riverside-San Bernardino'dur. Kentsel b\u00f6lge ayr\u0131ca, A\u015fa\u011f\u0131 Kaliforniya'ya ta\u015fan kentsel alan taraf\u0131ndan olu\u015fturulan San Diego\u00e2\u20ac\u201cTijuana bi\u00e7iminde bir uluslararas\u0131 metropol b\u00f6lgesine de ev sahipli\u011fi yapar.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 336,
                  "text": "\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5705f7c875f01819005e77dc",
              "question": "G\u00fcney Kaliforniya'n\u0131n megapol\u00fc \u00fclke \u00e7ap\u0131ndaki nuf\u00fcsa bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda hangi konumdad\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 123,
                  "text": "geni\u015f alanlar\u0131n"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5705f7c875f01819005e77dd",
              "question": "G\u00fcney Kaliforniya son derece yap\u0131la\u015fm\u0131\u015f kentsel bir ortamdan olu\u015fsa da ne kadar\u0131 yap\u0131la\u015fmam\u0131\u015f olarak b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 407,
                  "text": "kentsel"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5705f7c875f01819005e77de",
              "question": "G\u00fcney Kaliforniya topluluklar\u0131 geni\u015f, yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 ve hangi di\u011fer \u00f6zelli\u011fiyle tan\u0131nmaktad\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 442,
                  "text": "otoban"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5705f7c875f01819005e77df",
              "question": "Otomobil kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda g\u00fcney Kaliforniya'da kulln\u0131lmas\u0131yla me\u015fhur olan di\u011fer \u015fey nedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 770,
                  "text": "uluslararas\u0131 metropol"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5705f7c875f01819005e77e0",
              "question": "G\u00fcney Kaliforniya'n\u0131n kentsel b\u00f6lgesinin i\u00e7inde ne t\u00fcr bir b\u00f6lge bulunabilir?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "G\u00fcney Kaliforniya bir Birle\u015ftirilmi\u015f \u0130statistiksel B\u00f6lge, sekiz Metropol \u0130statistik B\u00f6lgesi ve bir uluslararas\u0131 metropol b\u00f6lgesiyle bir\u00e7ok metropol b\u00f6lgesinden olu\u015fur. B\u00f6lge, n\u00fcfusu be\u015f milyonu a\u015fan iki geni\u015fletilmi\u015f metropol alan\u0131na ev sahipli\u011fi yapmaktad\u0131r. Bunlar 17.786.419 n\u00fcfuslu B\u00fcy\u00fck Los Angeles Alan\u0131 ve 5.105.768 n\u00fcfuslu San Diego\u00e2\u20ac\u201cTijuana'd\u0131r. Bu metropol alanlar\u0131ndan Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana metropol alan\u0131, Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario metropol alan\u0131 ve Oxnard-Thousand Oaks-Ventura metropol alan\u0131 B\u00fcy\u00fck Los Angeles'\u0131 olu\u015ftururken El Centro metropol alan\u0131 ve San Diego-Carlsbad-San Marcos metropol alan\u0131 G\u00fcney S\u0131n\u0131r B\u00f6lgesi'ni olu\u015fturur. B\u00fcy\u00fck Los Angeles'\u0131n kuzeyinde Santa Barbara, San Luis Obispo ve Bakersfield metropol alanlar\u0131 vard\u0131r.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 64,
                  "text": "Metropol \u0130statistik B\u00f6lgesi"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5706074552bb8914006897d4",
              "question": "G\u00fcney Kaliforniya'n\u0131n bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc olu\u015fturan sekiz b\u00f6lgeyle ili\u015fkili olan ad nedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 199,
                  "text": "iki"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5706074552bb8914006897d5",
              "question": "Burada ka\u00e7 adet geni\u015fletilmi\u015f metropol alan\u0131 vard\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 182,
                  "text": "be\u015f milyonu"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5706074552bb8914006897d6",
              "question": "Geni\u015fletilmi\u015f metropol alanlar\u0131ndan her biri hangi say\u0131y\u0131 a\u015fan bir nuf\u00fcsa sahiptir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 631,
                  "text": "G\u00fcney S\u0131n\u0131r B\u00f6lgesi"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5706074552bb8914006897d7",
              "question": "El Centro metropol alan\u0131 ve San Diego-Carslbad-San Marcos metropol alan\u0131 neyi olu\u015fturur?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 267,
                  "text": "17.786.419"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5706074552bb8914006897d8",
              "question": "B\u00fcy\u00fck Los Angeles Alan\u0131'n\u0131n n\u00fcfusu nedir?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "G\u00fcney Kaliforniya, Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri'ndeki yolcu hacmi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan en yo\u011fun ikinci (yolcu trafi\u011fi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en yo\u011fun havalimanlar\u0131na bak\u0131n) ve uluslararas\u0131 yolcu hacmi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc havaliman\u0131 olan Los Angeles Uluslararas\u0131 Havaliman\u0131'na; d\u00fcnyadaki en yo\u011fun tek pistli havaliman\u0131 olan San Diego Uluslararas\u0131 Havaliman\u0131'na; d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en yo\u011fun genel havac\u0131l\u0131k havaliman\u0131 olan Van Nuys Havaliman\u0131'na; Orange County, Bakersfield, Ontario, Burbank ve Long Beach'de b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7apl\u0131 ticari havalimanlar\u0131na ve \u00e7ok say\u0131da daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ticari ve genel havac\u0131l\u0131k havaliman\u0131na ev sahipli\u011fi yapar.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 221,
                  "text": "Los Angeles Uluslararas\u0131 Havaliman\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "570610b275f01819005e792a",
              "question": "Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri'ndeki en yo\u011fun ikinci havaliman\u0131 hangi havaliman\u0131d\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 53,
                  "text": "yolcu hacmi"
                }
              ],
              "id": "570610b275f01819005e792b",
              "question": "Havalimanlar\u0131n\u0131n ne kadar yo\u011fun oldu\u011funu belirlemekte kulland\u0131klar\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc nedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 198,
                  "text": "\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc"
                }
              ],
              "id": "570610b275f01819005e792c",
              "question": "Los Angeles Uluslararas\u0131 Havaliman\u0131 uluslararas\u0131 yolcu hacmi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan en yo\u011fun ka\u00e7\u0131nc\u0131 havaliman\u0131d\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 307,
                  "text": "San Diego Uluslararas\u0131 Havaliman\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "570610b275f01819005e792d",
              "question": "Hangi havaliman\u0131 d\u00fcnyadaki en yo\u011fun tek piste ev sahipli\u011fi yapar?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 395,
                  "text": "Van Nuys Havaliman\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "570610b275f01819005e792e",
              "question": "D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en yo\u011fun genel havac\u0131l\u0131k havaliman\u0131 hangi havaliman\u0131d\u0131r?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "G\u00fcney Kaliforniya'daki profesyonel spor tak\u0131mlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda NFL'den (Los Angeles Rams, San Diego Chargers); NBA'den (Los Angeles Lakers, Los Angeles Clippers); MLB'den (Los Angeles Dodgers, Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim, San Diego Padres); NHL'den (Los Angeles Kings, Anaheim Ducks) ve MLS'ten (LA Galaxy) tak\u0131mlar bulunur.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 59,
                  "text": "NFL"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5706143575f01819005e7950",
              "question": "Los Angeles Rams, hangi t\u00fcrdeki bir spor tak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6rne\u011fidir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 107,
                  "text": "NBA"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5706143575f01819005e7951",
              "question": "Los Angeles Clippers hangi spor dal\u0131na ait bir tak\u0131md\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 159,
                  "text": "MLB"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5706143575f01819005e7952",
              "question": "Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim tak\u0131m\u0131 hangi spor dal\u0131ndand\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 248,
                  "text": "Los Angeles Kings"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5706143575f01819005e7953",
              "question": "Anaheim Ducks d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda G\u00fcney Kaliforniya'da yerle\u015fik olan di\u011fer NHL tak\u0131m\u0131 nedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 294,
                  "text": "LA Galaxy"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5706143575f01819005e7954",
              "question": "G\u00fcney Kaliforniya'ya ait olan tek MLS tak\u0131m\u0131 nedir?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "2005'ten 2014'e kadar, Los Angeles'ta iki Major League Soccer tak\u0131m\u0131 vard\u0131: LA Galaxy ve Chivas USA. Her iki tak\u0131m da ma\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 StubHub Center'da oynard\u0131 ve yerel rakiplerdi. Ancak Chivas, 2014 MLS sezonunun ard\u0131ndan uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131 ve ikinci bir MLS tak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n 2018'de d\u00f6nmesi programland\u0131.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 181,
                  "text": "Chivas"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5706149552bb891400689880",
              "question": "Hangi tak\u0131m MLS'den uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 38,
                  "text": "iki"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5706149552bb891400689881",
              "question": "Los Angeles'\u0131n \u00f6nceden ka\u00e7 tak\u0131m\u0131 vard\u0131?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 9,
                  "text": "2014"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5706149552bb891400689882",
              "question": "Hangi y\u0131l iki futbol tak\u0131m\u0131ndan birinin uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131yla sonu\u00e7land\u0131?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 128,
                  "text": "StubHub Center"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5706149552bb891400689883",
              "question": "Tak\u0131mlar\u0131n ma\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131 stadyumun ad\u0131 neydi?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 260,
                  "text": "2018"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5706149552bb891400689884",
              "question": "Uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan tak\u0131m\u0131n ne zaman d\u00f6nmesi programlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "title": "Southern_California"
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "context": "BSkyB'nin standart tan\u0131ml\u0131 yay\u0131nlar\u0131, DVB uyumlu MPEG-2 bi\u00e7imindeyken Sky Movies ve Sky Box Office kanallar\u0131 iste\u011fe ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak son filmler i\u00e7in Dolby Digital film m\u00fczikleri i\u00e7erir. Ancak bunlara yaln\u0131zca bir Sky+ kutusuyla eri\u015filebilir. Sky+ HD i\u00e7erikleri MPEG-4 kullan\u0131larak yay\u0131nlan\u0131r ve HD i\u00e7eriklerin \u00e7o\u011fu DVB-S2 standard\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131r. Etkile\u015fimli hizmetler ve 7 g\u00fcnl\u00fck EPG, d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f yolu i\u00e7in modemler i\u00e7eren set-\u00fcst\u00fc kutulara sahip ki\u015fiye \u00f6zel OpenTV sistemini kullan\u0131r. Di\u011fer kanallar\u0131n aras\u0131nda Sky News, d\u00f6ng\u00fcl\u00fc video ak\u0131\u015flar\u0131 yay\u0131nlayarak s\u00f6zde video iste\u011fe ba\u011fl\u0131 etkile\u015fimli hizmeti sunar.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 38,
                  "text": "DVB uyumlu MPEG-2"
                }
              ],
              "id": "570966e0200fba1400367f4f",
              "question": "BSkyB'nin standart tan\u0131ml\u0131 yay\u0131nlar\u0131 neyle uyumludur?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 146,
                  "text": "Dolby Digital"
                }
              ],
              "id": "570966e0200fba1400367f50",
              "question": "Sky Movies ve Sky Box ayr\u0131ca hangi iste\u011fe ba\u011fl\u0131 film m\u00fcziklerini i\u00e7erir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 258,
                  "text": "MPEG-4"
                }
              ],
              "id": "570966e0200fba1400367f51",
              "question": "Sky+ HD i\u00e7erik yay\u0131n\u0131 ne kullan\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 448,
                  "text": "OpenTV"
                }
              ],
              "id": "570966e0200fba1400367f52",
              "question": "Sky+HD'nin kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ki\u015fiye \u00f6zel sistem nedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 312,
                  "text": "DVB-S2"
                }
              ],
              "id": "570966e0200fba1400367f53",
              "question": "HD i\u00e7eri\u011fin \u00e7o\u011fu standart olarak neyi kullan\u0131r?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Sky Digital 1998'de ilk kuruldu\u011funda yeni hizmet 19.2\u00c2\u00b0E y\u00f6r\u00fcnge konumundan yay\u0131nlanan analog hizmetin aksine 28.5\u00c2\u00b0E y\u00f6r\u00fcnge konumunda bulunan Astra 2A uydusunu kullan\u0131yordu. Bunu sonradan daha fazla Astra uydusu ve yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Eutelsat'\u0131n Eurobird 1 uydusu (art\u0131k 28.5\u00c2\u00b0E y\u00f6r\u00fcnge konumundaki Eutelsat 33C) takip ederek \u015firketin yeni, y\u00fczlerce televizyon ve radyo kanal\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131ma potansiyeline sahip, tamam\u0131yla dijital bir hizmeti faaliyete ge\u00e7irmesini olanakl\u0131 k\u0131ld\u0131. Eski konum bir\u00e7ok Avrupa \u00fclkesinden yay\u0131nc\u0131larla payla\u015f\u0131l\u0131rken 28.5\u00c2\u00b0E'da bulunan yeni konum, neredeyse yaln\u0131zca Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k'a yay\u0131n yapan kanallar i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r oldu.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 12,
                  "text": "1998"
                }
              ],
              "id": "570967c4ed30961900e840ba",
              "question": "Sky Digital ne zaman faaliyete ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 144,
                  "text": "Astra 2A"
                }
              ],
              "id": "570967c4ed30961900e840bb",
              "question": "Sky Digital faaliyete ge\u00e7irildi\u011finde hangi uydu kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 227,
                  "text": "Eutelsat'\u0131n Eurobird 1"
                }
              ],
              "id": "570967c4ed30961900e840bc",
              "question": "Hangi uydu Sky Digital'\u0131n tamam\u0131yla yeni bir dijital hizmeti faaliyete sokmas\u0131n\u0131 olanakl\u0131 k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 334,
                  "text": "y\u00fczlerce"
                }
              ],
              "id": "570967c4ed30961900e840bd",
              "question": "Yeni dijital hizmet ka\u00e7 televizyon ve radyo kanal\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yabiliyordu?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 529,
                  "text": "28.5\u00c2\u00b0E"
                }
              ],
              "id": "570967c4ed30961900e840be",
              "question": "Sky'\u0131n kanallar\u0131 neredeyse Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k'a \u00f6zel olarak yay\u0131nlamas\u0131na olanak tan\u0131yan uydunun konumu nedir?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "8 \u015eubat 2007'de BSkyB, \u00fc\u00e7 \u00fccretsiz yay\u0131n yapan dijital karasal kanal\u0131n\u0131 d\u00f6rt abonelikli kanalla de\u011fi\u015ftirme niyetini ilan etti. Bu kanallar\u0131n spor (\u0130ngiltere Premier League Futbol i\u00e7inde olmak \u00fczere), film, e\u011flence ve haber i\u00e7eren BSkyB portf\u00f6y\u00fcnden bir dizi i\u00e7erik sunaca\u011f\u0131 tasarlan\u0131yordu. Duyuru, Setanta Sports'un dijital karasal platformda abonelik hizmeti olarak Mart ay\u0131nda faaliyete ge\u00e7ece\u011fini onaylamas\u0131ndan bir g\u00fcn sonra ve NTL'nin hizmetlerinin Virgin Media olarak isim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fine gitti\u011fi ayn\u0131 g\u00fcnde geldi. Ancak sekt\u00f6r kaynaklar\u0131, olas\u0131 reklam geliri kayb\u0131 nedeniyle BSkyB'nin kanallar\u0131n\u0131 \u00fccretsiz g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclemeden \u00e7ekip bunlar\u0131 aboneli kanallarla de\u011fi\u015ftirme planlar\u0131n\u0131 rafa kald\u0131rmak zorunda kalaca\u011f\u0131na inan\u0131yor.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 0,
                  "text": "8 \u015eubat 2007"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57096b66200fba1400367fa7",
              "question": "BSkyB, \u00fccretsiz yay\u0131n yapan dijital kanallar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirme niyetini ne zaman duyurmu\u015ftur?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 367,
                  "text": "Mart"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57096b66200fba1400367fa8",
              "question": "Setanta Sports abonelik hizmeti olarak faaliyete ge\u00e7ece\u011fini ne zaman s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 316,
                  "text": "dijital karasal"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57096b66200fba1400367fa9",
              "question": "Setanta Sports hangi platformda faaliyete ge\u00e7meyi planlamaktayd\u0131?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 454,
                  "text": "Virgin Media"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57096b66200fba1400367faa",
              "question": "NTL'nin hizmetleri ad\u0131n\u0131 ne olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirdi?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 147,
                  "text": "\u0130ngiltere Premier League Futbol"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57096b66200fba1400367fab",
              "question": "BSkyB'nin spor portf\u00f6y\u00fc neleri i\u00e7erir?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Daily Mail gazetesi, 2012'de Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k devletinin sosyal yard\u0131m ajans\u0131n\u0131n, bek\u00e2r bir anne olarak sosyal yard\u0131m alan bir kad\u0131n\u0131n haks\u0131z yere yanl\u0131\u015f ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia etti\u011fini ortaya \u00e7\u0131karmak \u00fczere hak iddia eden ki\u015finin Sky TV faturalar\u0131n\u0131 inceledi\u011fini, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc spor kanal\u0131na aboneli\u011fin hanede bir erke\u011fin var oldu\u011funu ortaya \u00e7\u0131karaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 haberle\u015ftirdi. Aral\u0131k ay\u0131nda Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k parlamentosu, BSkyB aboneli\u011finin alkol, t\u00fct\u00fcn ve kumar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcs\u0131kl\u0131kla sak\u0131ncal\u0131\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 oldu\u011fu iddias\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Muhafazakar Parti milletvekili Alec Shelbrooke, sosyal yard\u0131mlar\u0131n ve vergi indirimlerinin \u00f6demelerinin, Destekleyici Beslenme Yard\u0131m\u0131 Program\u0131'nda oldu\u011fu gibi yaln\u0131zca \"temel gereksinimleri\" sat\u0131n almak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilen bir \"Sosyal Yard\u0131m Nakit Kart\u0131\"na yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6neriyordu.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 735,
                  "text": "Sosyal Yard\u0131m Nakit Kart\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57097c8fed30961900e841f2",
              "question": "Alec Shelbrooke, sosyal yard\u0131m \u00f6demelerinin nereye yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nermi\u015ftir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 676,
                  "text": "temel gereksinimleri"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57097c8fed30961900e841f3",
              "question": "Destekleyici Beslenme Yard\u0131m\u0131 Program\u0131 ile neler sat\u0131n al\u0131nabiliyordu?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 458,
                  "text": "s\u0131kl\u0131kla sak\u0131ncal\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57097c8fed30961900e841f4",
              "question": "Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k parlamentosu BSkyB aboneli\u011finin ne oldu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 225,
                  "text": "Sky TV faturalar\u0131n\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57097c8fed30961900e841f5",
              "question": "Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k devletinin sosyal yard\u0131mlar ajans\u0131 2012'de neyi kontrol etmi\u015ftir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 297,
                  "text": "bir erke\u011fin var oldu\u011funu"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57097c8fed30961900e841f6",
              "question": "Sosyal yard\u0131mlar ajans\u0131 TV faturas\u0131ndaki spor kanallar\u0131n\u0131n ne anlama geldi\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Her iki kanal sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n kanallar\u0131n\u0131n belirli performansa ili\u015fkin hedefleri ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmeleri durumunda ek \u00fcst s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 \u00f6demeleri g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na alabilecekleri anla\u015fmalar, 30 milyon \u00a3 tutar\u0131nda sabit y\u0131ll\u0131k ta\u015f\u0131ma \u00fccretlerini i\u00e7erir. \u015eu anda, yeni anla\u015fman\u0131n \u00f6nceden BSkyB taraf\u0131ndan sunulan ek \u0130ste\u011fe Ba\u011fl\u0131 Video ve Y\u00fcksek Tan\u0131ml\u0131 i\u00e7eri\u011fi kapsay\u0131p kapsamayaca\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin bir emare bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Anla\u015fmalar\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak hem BSkyB hem de Virgin Media kendi temel kanallar\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin olarak birbirlerine kar\u015f\u0131 a\u00e7t\u0131klar\u0131 Y\u00fcksek Mahkeme davalar\u0131n\u0131 sonland\u0131rmay\u0131 kabul etti.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 176,
                  "text": "30 milyon \u00a3"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57097d63ed30961900e841fc",
              "question": "Kanallar i\u00e7in y\u0131ll\u0131k ta\u015f\u0131ma \u00fccretleri neydi?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 377,
                  "text": "bir emare"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57097d63ed30961900e841fd",
              "question": "Yeni anla\u015fma iste\u011fe ba\u011fl\u0131 video ve Y\u00fcksek Tan\u0131ml\u0131 i\u00e7eri\u011fi i\u00e7erir mi?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 453,
                  "text": "Virgin Media"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57097d63ed30961900e841fe",
              "question": "Hangi \u015firket BSkyB ile y\u00fcksek mahkeme davalar\u0131n\u0131 sonland\u0131rmay\u0131 kabul etmi\u015ftir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 440,
                  "text": "BSkyB"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57097d63ed30961900e841ff",
              "question": "Hangi \u015firket Virgin Media ile y\u00fcksek mahkeme davalar\u0131n\u0131 sonland\u0131rmay\u0131 kabul etmi\u015ftir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 472,
                  "text": "temel kanallar\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57097d63ed30961900e84200",
              "question": "Y\u00fcksek mahkeme davalar\u0131 ne hakk\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcl\u00fcyordu?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "title": "Sky_(United_Kingdom)"
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "context": "Merkez sol Avustralya \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Partisi (ALP), merkez sa\u011f Avustralya Liberal Partisi, k\u0131rsal tabanl\u0131 Avustralya Ulusal Partisi ve \u00e7evreci Avustralya Ye\u015filler partisi, Victoria'n\u0131n ana siyasi partileridir. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Partisi, geleneksel olarak Melbourne'\u00fcn bat\u0131 ve kuzey i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 banliy\u00f6lerinde ve Ballarat, Bendigo ve Geelong b\u00f6lgesel \u015fehirlerinde en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc partidir. Liberaller'in ana deste\u011fi, Melbourne'\u00fcn daha varl\u0131kl\u0131 do\u011fu ve d\u0131\u015f banliy\u00f6lerinde ve baz\u0131 k\u0131rsal ve b\u00f6lgesel merkezlerde yer almaktad\u0131r. Ulusal Parti, Victoria'n\u0131n Kuzeybat\u0131 ve Do\u011fu k\u0131rsal b\u00f6lgelerinde en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcd\u00fcr. 2014'te ilk alt meclis sandalyesini kazanan Ye\u015filler, Melbourne'\u00fcn merkezinde en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcd\u00fcr.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 11,
                  "text": "Avustralya \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Partisi"
                }
              ],
              "id": "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a3",
              "question": "Melbourne'\u00fcn i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 banliy\u00f6lerinde hangi siyasi parti en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcd\u00fcr?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 64,
                  "text": "Liberal Partisi"
                }
              ],
              "id": "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a4",
              "question": "Melbourne'\u00fcn varl\u0131kl\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerinde hangi siyasi parti en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcd\u00fcr?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 107,
                  "text": "Ulusal Partisi"
                }
              ],
              "id": "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a5",
              "question": "Victoria'n\u0131n kuzeybat\u0131 ve do\u011fu b\u00f6lgelerinde hangi parti en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcd\u00fcr?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 617,
                  "text": "Ye\u015filler"
                }
              ],
              "id": "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a6",
              "question": "Melbourne'\u00fcn merkez b\u00f6lgelerinde hangi partinin s\u00f6z\u00fc ge\u00e7mektedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 200,
                  "text": "\u0130\u015f\u00e7i Partisi"
                }
              ],
              "id": "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a7",
              "question": "Bedigo ve Geelong'da hangi parti tercih edilmektedir?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Victoria, 1975'te y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren, ancak Parlamento'yu eyaletin sorumluluk alan\u0131na giren meselelerde eyaletin yasa yap\u0131c\u0131 organ\u0131 olarak tesis eden, Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k Parlamentosu taraf\u0131ndan Victoria Anayasas\u0131 Kanunu 1855 olarak ge\u00e7irilen 1855 koloni anayasas\u0131'n\u0131 temel alan yaz\u0131l\u0131 bir anayasaya sahiptir. Victoria Anayasas\u0131, Victoria Parlamentosu taraf\u0131ndan de\u011fi\u015ftirilebilir. Bunun istisnas\u0131, h\u00fckme dayal\u0131 olarak ya her iki parlamentoda mutlak \u00e7o\u011funluk, her iki parlamentoda d\u00f6rtte \u00fc\u00e7l\u00fck bir \u00e7o\u011funluk veya referandumda Victoria halk\u0131n\u0131n onay\u0131n\u0131 gerektiren belirli \"de\u011fi\u015fmez\" h\u00fck\u00fcmlerdir.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 10,
                  "text": "1975"
                }
              ],
              "id": "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45ccf",
              "question": "Victoria anayasas\u0131n\u0131 ne zaman y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe sokmu\u015ftur?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 237,
                  "text": "1855 koloni anayasas\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45cd0",
              "question": "Victoria'n\u0131n anayasas\u0131 neye dayanmaktad\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 324,
                  "text": "Victoria Parlamentosu"
                }
              ],
              "id": "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45cd1",
              "question": "Hangi grup Victoria anayasas\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirebilir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 563,
                  "text": "\"de\u011fi\u015fmez\" h\u00fck\u00fcmler"
                }
              ],
              "id": "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45cd2",
              "question": "Anayasada de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi \u00f6zel hususlar gerektiren istisnalar nelerdir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 189,
                  "text": "Victoria Anayasas\u0131 Kanunu 1855"
                }
              ],
              "id": "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45cd3",
              "question": "Victoria Parlamentosu'nu hangi belge olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Tarihsel olarak Victoria, belli ba\u015fl\u0131 araba markalar\u0131 olan Ford, Toyota ve Holden'in fabrikalar\u0131 i\u00e7in bir merkez olagelmi\u015ftir; ancak Toyota'n\u0131n kapatma y\u0131l\u0131 olarak 2017 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 belirledi\u011fi \u015eubat 2014'teki a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131yla birlikte 21. y\u00fczy\u0131lda \u00fc\u00e7 \u015firketin t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn fabrika kapatma ilanlar\u0131, Avustralya'n\u0131n art\u0131k k\u00fcresel araba end\u00fcstrisi i\u00e7in art\u0131k bir merkez olmayaca\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelecektir. Holden'\u0131n duyurusu May\u0131s 2013'te ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015f ve bunu Ford'un ayn\u0131 y\u0131l\u0131n Aral\u0131k ay\u0131ndaki karar\u0131 izlemi\u015fti (Ford'un Broadmeadows and Geelong'daki Victoria fabrikalar\u0131 Ekim 2016'da kapanacak).",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 26,
                  "text": "belli ba\u015fl\u0131 araba markalar\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "570d3468b3d812140066d543",
              "question": "Victoria yak\u0131nda ne t\u00fcr bir fabrikay\u0131 kaybedecek?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 164,
                  "text": "2017"
                }
              ],
              "id": "570d3468b3d812140066d544",
              "question": "Toyota Victoria fabrikas\u0131n\u0131 kapataca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ne zaman s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 405,
                  "text": "May\u0131s 2013"
                }
              ],
              "id": "570d3468b3d812140066d545",
              "question": "Holden Victoria fabrikas\u0131n\u0131 kapataca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ne zaman duyurmu\u015ftur?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 552,
                  "text": "Ekim 2016"
                }
              ],
              "id": "570d3468b3d812140066d546",
              "question": "Ford'un fabrikalar\u0131 ne zaman kapanacak?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 493,
                  "text": "Ford"
                }
              ],
              "id": "570d3468b3d812140066d547",
              "question": "Broadmeadows'da hangi marka araba \u00fcretilmektedir?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Ayr\u0131ca bir zamanlar devletin sahibi oldu\u011fu sistemin par\u00e7alar\u0131 olan hat \u00fczerinde faaliyet g\u00f6steren bir\u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck y\u00fck treni operat\u00f6r\u00fc ve \u00e7ok say\u0131da turistik demir yolu da bulunmaktad\u0131r. Victoria hatlar\u0131 \u00e7o\u011funlukla 1.600 mm (5 ft 3 in) geni\u015f hatl\u0131 demir yolu kullan\u0131r. Ancak, eyaletler aras\u0131 ana hatlar ve bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra eyaletin bat\u0131s\u0131ndaki bir dizi iltisak hatt\u0131 1.435 mm (4 ft 8 1\u00e2\u0081\u201e2 in) standart demir yoluna d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. \u0130ki turistik demir yolu, da\u011fl\u0131k b\u00f6lgelerde in\u015fa edilmi\u015f, \u00f6nceden devlete ait olan be\u015f hatt\u0131n kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 olan 760 mm (2 ft 6 in) dar demir yolu \u00fczerinde faaliyet g\u00f6stermektedir.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 211,
                  "text": "1.600 mm (5 ft 3 in) geni\u015f hatl\u0131 demir yolu"
                }
              ],
              "id": "570d47b8b3d812140066d62d",
              "question": "Victoria demir yolu hatlar\u0131n\u0131n ray a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 nedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 362,
                  "text": "1.435 mm (4 ft 8 1\u00e2\u0081\u201e2 in) standart demir yoluna"
                }
              ],
              "id": "570d47b8b3d812140066d62e",
              "question": "Victoria'n\u0131n bat\u0131s\u0131nda baz\u0131 hatlar hangi ray a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131na de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 539,
                  "text": "760 mm (2 ft 6 in) dar demir yolu"
                }
              ],
              "id": "570d47b8b3d812140066d62f",
              "question": "\u0130ki turistik hat hangi demir yolu ray a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kullanmaktad\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 454,
                  "text": "da\u011fl\u0131k b\u00f6lgelerde"
                }
              ],
              "id": "570d47b8b3d812140066d630",
              "question": "Victoria'da dar ray a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131kl\u0131 demir yollar\u0131 nerede in\u015fa edilmi\u015ftir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 511,
                  "text": "be\u015f"
                }
              ],
              "id": "570d47b8b3d812140066d631",
              "question": "Ka\u00e7 adet dar ray a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131kl\u0131 demir yolu \u00f6nceden devlete aitti?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Yeni G\u00fcney Galler kolonisinin 1788'de kurulmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan Avustralya Sidney'deki kolonyal h\u00fck\u00fcmetin y\u00f6netimi alt\u0131nda do\u011fuda Yeni G\u00fcney Galler adl\u0131 bir b\u00f6lge ve bat\u0131da New Holland adl\u0131 bir b\u00f6lge olmak \u00fczere ikiye b\u00f6l\u00fcnd\u00fc. B\u00f6lgede daha sonra Victoria olarak bilinen b\u00f6lgedeki ilk Avrupa yerle\u015fimi, Port Phillip'te bulunan Sullivan Bay'de Vali Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 David Collins alt\u0131nda Ekim 1803'te kuruldu. Yerle\u015fim, 402 ki\u015fiden olu\u015fuyordu (5 H\u00fck\u00fcmet yetkilisi, 9 deniz memuru, 2 gezgin ticaret g\u00f6revlisi ve 39 er, 5 asker e\u015fi ve bir \u00e7ocuk, 307 h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc, 17 h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc e\u015fi ve 7 \u00e7ocuk). \u0130ngiltere'den Kaptan Daniel Woodriff komutas\u0131ndaki HMS Calcutta adl\u0131 gemiyle, esasen b\u00f6lgeyi ke\u015ffetmekte olan Frans\u0131zlar\u0131n kendi yerle\u015fimlerini kurabilece\u011fi ve b\u00f6ylelikle k\u0131ta \u00fczerindeki \u0130ngiliz haklar\u0131na kafa tutabilece\u011fi korkusu \u00fczerine g\u00f6nderilmi\u015flerdi.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 30,
                  "text": "1788"
                }
              ],
              "id": "570d4a6bfed7b91900d45e13",
              "question": "Yeni G\u00fcney Galler kolonisi ne zaman kurulmu\u015ftur?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 126,
                  "text": "Yeni G\u00fcney Galler"
                }
              ],
              "id": "570d4a6bfed7b91900d45e14",
              "question": "1788 kolonisinin do\u011fu yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131 neydi?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 169,
                  "text": "New Holland"
                }
              ],
              "id": "570d4a6bfed7b91900d45e15",
              "question": "Koloninin bat\u0131 yar\u0131s\u0131na ne ad verilmi\u015ftir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 71,
                  "text": "Sidney"
                }
              ],
              "id": "570d4a6bfed7b91900d45e16",
              "question": "Yeni koloniyi y\u00f6neten kolonyal h\u00fck\u00fcmetin konumu neredeydi?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "title": "Victoria_(Australia)"
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "context": "\ufeff1620'lerde tekrarlanan dini sava\u015f, yenilgilerinin ard\u0131ndan Frans\u0131z Protestanlar\u0131n\u0131n siyasi ve askeri ayr\u0131cal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na neden oldu. Fransa'daki Protestanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n yasal olarak tan\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 tamamen kald\u0131ran ve Frans\u0131z Protestanlar\u0131 d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmeye zorlayan Fontainebleau Ferman\u0131\u2019n\u0131 (1685) yay\u0131nlayana kadar, zulm\u00fcn\u00fc giderek artt\u0131ran XIV. Louis y\u00f6netimine kadar, Nantes Ferman\u0131'n\u0131n dini h\u00fck\u00fcmlerini muhafaza ettiler. Neredeyse d\u00f6rtte \u00fc\u00e7\u00fc sonunda \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr veya boyun e\u011ferken, kabaca 500.000 Frans\u0131z Protestan\u0131 18. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda Fransa'dan ka\u00e7t\u0131 [kaynak belirtilmeli].",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 259,
                  "text": "Fontainebleau Ferman\u0131\u2019n\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57107d73b654c5140001f91d",
              "question": "Hangi bildiri Fransa'da protestanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rd\u0131?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 285,
                  "text": "1685"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57107d73b654c5140001f91e",
              "question": "Bu ferman ne zaman ilan edildi?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 335,
                  "text": "XIV. Louis"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57107d73b654c5140001f91f",
              "question": "Bu bildirimi hangi soydan Frans\u0131zlar yay\u0131mlad\u0131?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 484,
                  "text": "500.000"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57107d73b654c5140001f920",
              "question": "1700'lerde ka\u00e7 Frans\u0131z Protestan\u0131 Fransa'dan ka\u00e7t\u0131?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "1700 y\u0131l\u0131nda, birka\u00e7 y\u00fcz Frans\u0131z Protestan\u0131 \u0130ngiltere'den, \u0130ngiliz Krali\u00e7esinin onlara A\u015fa\u011f\u0131 Norfolk \u0130l\u00e7esinde arazi hibe etmeye s\u00f6z verdi\u011fi Virginia kolonisine g\u00f6\u00e7 etti. Onlar geldi\u011finde, s\u00f6m\u00fcrge yetkilileri onlara, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Powhatan \u0130l\u00e7esinde bulunan, Manakin Kasabas\u0131 olarak bilinen terk edilmi\u015f Monacan k\u00f6y\u00fcnde, James Nehri \u015felalelerinin 20 mil yukar\u0131s\u0131nda bir arazi teklif ettiler. Baz\u0131 yerle\u015fimciler g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz Chesterfield \u0130l\u00e7esine indi. 12 May\u0131s 1705'te, Virginia Genel Kurulu hala Manakintown'da ikamet eden 148 Frans\u0131z Protestan\u0131n\u0131 vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011fa almak i\u00e7in bir eylemde bulundu. \u0130zole yerle\u015fimdeki orijinal 390 yerle\u015fimciden bir\u00e7o\u011fu \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc; bir k\u0131sm\u0131 ise \u015fehir d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u0130ngiliz tarz\u0131ndaki \u00e7iftliklerde ya\u015fad\u0131lar; ve di\u011ferleri de farkl\u0131 alanlara ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131. Yava\u015f yava\u015f \u0130ngiliz kom\u015fular\u0131yla evlendiler. 18. ve 19. y\u00fczy\u0131llar boyunca, Frans\u0131zlar\u0131n soyundan gelenler bat\u0131ya Piedmont'a ve Appalachian Da\u011flar\u0131 boyunca Kentucky, Tennessee, Missouri ve di\u011fer eyaletlere ge\u00e7ti. Manakintown b\u00f6lgesinde, James Nehri \u00fczerindeki Frans\u0131z Protestan An\u0131t K\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc ve Frans\u0131z Protestan Yolu ile birlikte, Frans\u0131z Protestan Lisesi\u2019ni de i\u00e7eren \u00e7e\u015fitli okullar da dahil olmak \u00fczere bir\u00e7ok yerel yere onlar\u0131n onuruna isim verilmi\u015ftir.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 141,
                  "text": "Virginia"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3a",
              "question": "Hangi \u0130ngiliz kolonisinde Frans\u0131z Protestan\u0131 yerle\u015fimcilere toprak s\u00f6z\u00fc verildi?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 87,
                  "text": "A\u015fa\u011f\u0131 Norfolk \u0130l\u00e7esinde"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3b",
              "question": "Bu \u0130ngiliz kolonisinin hangi b\u00f6lgesinde Frans\u0131z Protestanlara toprak hibe edildi?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 255,
                  "text": "Manakin Kasabas\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3c",
              "question": "Frans\u0131z Protestanlar\u0131 vard\u0131klar\u0131nda onlara fiilen hangi kasaba verildi?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 613,
                  "text": "390"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3d",
              "question": "Manakintown\u2019a ka\u00e7 yerle\u015fimci yerle\u015fti?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 443,
                  "text": "12 May\u0131s 1705'te"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3e",
              "question": "Bu yerle\u015fimciler \u0130ngiliz s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecileri olarak ne zaman vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011fa kavu\u015ftu?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Reform kilisesinin di\u011fer selefleri aras\u0131nda reform yanl\u0131s\u0131 ve Jacques Lefevre (c. 1455-1536) gibi Galya Roma Katolikleri de vard\u0131. Galyal\u0131lar k\u0131saca, Frans\u0131zlar\u0131n dininin yabanc\u0131 bir g\u00fc\u00e7 olan Roma Piskoposu taraf\u0131ndan kontrol edilemeyece\u011fi ilkesiyle, Frans\u0131z kilisesi i\u00e7in ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k sa\u011flad\u0131lar. Protestan Reformu s\u0131ras\u0131nda, Paris \u00dcniversitesi'nde bir profes\u00f6r olan Lefevre, 1523'te Yeni Ahit'in Frans\u0131zca \u00e7evirisini yapt\u0131 ve ard\u0131ndan 1530'da \u0130ncil'in tamam\u0131n\u0131 Frans\u0131zcaya \u00e7evirdi. Lefevre'nin bir \u00f6\u011frencisi olan William Farel \u0130, Cenevre'de bir Protestan h\u00fck\u00fcmeti kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan \u0130svi\u00e7re Reformunun lideri olmaya devam etti. Paris \u00dcniversitesi'nden bir ba\u015fka \u00f6\u011frenci olan Jean Cauvin (John Calvin) de Protestanl\u0131\u011fa ge\u00e7ti. Mezhebin I. Francis taraf\u0131ndan bast\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131ndan \u00e7ok sonra, \u00e7o\u011funlukla Luberon b\u00f6lgesinde yer alan kalan Frans\u0131z Waldensal\u0131lar, William Farel, Calvin ve Reformasyona kat\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar ve Olivetan onlar i\u00e7in bir Frans\u0131z \u0130ncil'i yay\u0131nlad\u0131. 1559 Frans\u0131z G\u00fcnah \u00c7\u0131karmas\u0131 kararl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde Kalvinistik bir etki g\u00f6stermektedir. 1550-1580 aras\u0131nda, Fransa'daki Reform kilisesinin \u00fcyeleri yayg\u0131n olarak Frans\u0131z Protestanlar olarak bilinirdi. [kaynak belirtilmeli]",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 62,
                  "text": "Jacques Lefevre"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57111380a58dae1900cd6bd6",
              "question": "15. Y\u00fczy\u0131ldaki reform yanl\u0131s\u0131 Katolik Kilisesinin bir \u00fcyesi olan Frans\u0131z kimdi?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 326,
                  "text": "Paris \u00dcniversitesi'nde"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57111380a58dae1900cd6bd7",
              "question": "Bu reform yanl\u0131s\u0131 lider nerede e\u011fitim verdi?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 436,
                  "text": "1530'da"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57111380a58dae1900cd6bd8",
              "question": "Bu lider ne zaman Frans\u0131zca \u0130ncil yay\u0131nlad\u0131?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 514,
                  "text": "William Farel"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57111380a58dae1900cd6bd9",
              "question": "Hangi \u0130svi\u00e7re reformu lideri Lefevre'nin \u00f6\u011frencisiydi?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 678,
                  "text": "Jean Cauvin"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57111380a58dae1900cd6bda",
              "question": "Paris \u00dcniversitesi'nde ba\u015fka hangi Avrupa Protestan lideri de e\u011fitim g\u00f6rd\u00fc?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Kuzey Amerika'daki Frans\u0131z Protestan cemaatlerinin (veya bireylerinin) \u00e7o\u011fu, nihayetinde daha fazla say\u0131da \u00fcyesi olan di\u011fer Protestan mezheplerine kat\u0131ld\u0131. Frans\u0131z Protestanlar\u0131 h\u0131zl\u0131 adapte olmu\u015ftu ve s\u0131kl\u0131kla kendi Frans\u0131z topluluklar\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan ki\u015filerle evleniyorlard\u0131 ve bu da asimilasyona yol a\u00e7\u0131yordu. Bir\u00e7ok ailede Frans\u0131z Protestan\u0131 soyundan gelenler, on dokuzuncu y\u00fczy\u0131la kadar \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n ad ve soyadlar\u0131n\u0131 Frans\u0131zca kullanmaya devam ettiler. Asimilasyona u\u011frayan Frans\u0131zlar, \u00f6zellikle ge\u00e7 S\u00f6m\u00fcrge ve erken Federal d\u00f6nemlerde t\u00fcccar ve zanaatkar olarak ABD'nin ekonomik ya\u015fam\u0131na say\u0131s\u0131z katk\u0131 yapt\u0131. \u00d6rne\u011fin, Lavoisier'in eski bir \u00f6\u011frencisi olan E.I. du Pont, Eleutherian barut fabrikalar\u0131n\u0131 kurdu.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 89,
                  "text": "daha fazla say\u0131da \u00fcyesi olan di\u011fer Protestan mezheplerine kat\u0131ld\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57111713a58dae1900cd6c00",
              "question": "Frans\u0131z Protestanlar\u0131, Yeni D\u00fcnyadaki dini inan\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l de\u011fi\u015ftirdi?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 211,
                  "text": "kendi Frans\u0131z topluluklar\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan ki\u015filerle evleniyorlard\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57111713a58dae1900cd6c01",
              "question": "Frans\u0131z Protestan\u0131 yerle\u015fimciler genellikle Kuzey Amerika toplumuna nas\u0131l asimile edildi?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 660,
                  "text": "E.I. du Pont"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57111713a58dae1900cd6c02",
              "question": "Tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f bir Frans\u0131z Protestan\u0131 soyundan gelen silah \u00fcreticisi kimdi?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 363,
                  "text": "on dokuzuncu y\u00fczy\u0131la kadar"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57111713a58dae1900cd6c03",
              "question": "Frans\u0131z Protestanlar\u0131 ne zamana kadar Frans\u0131zca isimleri kullanmaya devam etti?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 674,
                  "text": "Eleutherian barut fabrikalar\u0131n\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57111713a58dae1900cd6c04",
              "question": "Du Pont'un barut i\u015fletmesinin ad\u0131 neydi?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Brandenburg Se\u00e7men Prensi Frederick William, Frans\u0131z Protestanlar\u0131n\u0131 krall\u0131\u011f\u0131na yerle\u015fmeye davet etti ve onlar\u0131n soyundan gelenler Prusya'da \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan konumlara y\u00fckseldi. \u015eair Theodor Fontane, Tannenberg Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 Muharebesi kahraman\u0131 General Hermann von Fran\u00e7ois, Luftwaffe Generali ve y\u0131ld\u0131z pilotu Adolf Galland, Luftwaffe y\u0131ld\u0131z pilotu Hans-Joachim Marseille ve \u00fcnl\u00fc alman denizalt\u0131 kaptan\u0131 Lothar von Arnauld de la Peri\u00e8re dahil olmak \u00fczere bir\u00e7ok \u00fcnl\u00fc Alman askeri, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve politik fig\u00fcr\u00fc, etnik Frans\u0131z Protestan\u0131yd\u0131. Alman Federal \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 Thomas de Maizi\u00e8re gibi, (Do\u011fu) Alman Demokratik Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin son Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Lothar de Maizi\u00e8re de bir Frans\u0131z Protestan ailesinin soyundan gelmeydi.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 26,
                  "text": "Frederick William"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c50",
              "question": "Hangi Alman h\u00fck\u00fcmdar Frans\u0131z Protestanlar\u0131 \u00fclkesine g\u00f6\u00e7 etmeye davet etti?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 176,
                  "text": "Theodor Fontane"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c51",
              "question": "Hangi Alman \u015fair Frans\u0131z Protestan soyundan gelmektedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 312,
                  "text": "Adolf Galland"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c52",
              "question": "Hangi Alman general ve sava\u015f pilotu Frans\u0131z Protestan soyundand\u0131?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 649,
                  "text": "Lothar de Maizi\u00e8re"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c53",
              "question": "Do\u011fu Almanyan\u0131n son Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 kimdi?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 546,
                  "text": "Federal \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakan\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c54",
              "question": "Thomas de Maiziere\u2019nin, Alman kabinesindeki g\u00f6revi neydi?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "title": "Huguenot"
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "context": "Suyu kaynatmak ve buhar sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in gereken \u0131s\u0131, genellikle kapal\u0131 bir alanda (yanma odas\u0131, ate\u015fleme odas\u0131 gibi isimlerle adland\u0131r\u0131lan) uygun bir hava beslemesi ile yan\u0131c\u0131 maddelerin yak\u0131lmas\u0131 ile elde edilir. Baz\u0131 durumlarda, \u0131s\u0131 kayna\u011f\u0131 bir n\u00fckleer reakt\u00f6r, jeotermal enerji, g\u00fcne\u015f enerjisi veya i\u00e7ten yanmal\u0131 bir motordan veya end\u00fcstriyel i\u015flemden elde edilen at\u0131k \u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. Model veya oyuncak buhar motorlar\u0131nda, \u0131s\u0131 kayna\u011f\u0131 bir elektrikli \u0131s\u0131tma eleman\u0131 olabilir.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 167,
                  "text": "yan\u0131c\u0131 maddelerin yak\u0131lmas\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "571144d1a58dae1900cd6d6e",
              "question": "Buhar motorunda kaynam\u0131\u015f su i\u00e7in al\u0131\u015f\u0131lagelmi\u015f \u0131s\u0131 kayna\u011f\u0131 nedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 81,
                  "text": "yanma odas\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "571144d1a58dae1900cd6d6f",
              "question": "Yanma odas\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, yan\u0131c\u0131 maddelerin motorda yak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 alan\u0131n di\u011fer ad\u0131 nedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 280,
                  "text": "g\u00fcne\u015f"
                }
              ],
              "id": "571144d1a58dae1900cd6d70",
              "question": "N\u00fckleer, jeotermal ve i\u00e7ten yanmal\u0131 motor at\u0131k \u0131s\u0131s\u0131 ile birlikte, bir buhar motoru i\u00e7in nas\u0131l bir enerji kayna\u011f\u0131 \u0131s\u0131 sa\u011flayabilir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 433,
                  "text": "elektrikli"
                }
              ],
              "id": "571144d1a58dae1900cd6d71",
              "question": "Oyuncak buhar motorlar\u0131nda hangi tip \u0131s\u0131tma eleman\u0131 kullan\u0131l\u0131r?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Buhar motorlar\u0131n\u0131n performans\u0131n\u0131 analiz etmek i\u00e7in en faydal\u0131 ara\u00e7 buhar motoru g\u00f6stergesidir. \u0130lk versiyonlar 1851 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar kullan\u0131l\u0131yordu, ancak en ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 g\u00f6sterge, Charles Richard taraf\u0131ndan y\u00fcksek h\u0131zl\u0131 motor mucidi ve \u00fcreticisi Charles Porter \u015firketi i\u00e7in geli\u015ftirildi ve 1862'de Londra Fuar\u0131\u2019nda sergilendi. Buhar motoru g\u00f6stergesi, \u00e7e\u015fitli sorunlar\u0131 tespit etme ve \u00fcretilen beygir g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc hesaplamada kullan\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in d\u00f6ng\u00fc boyunca silindirdeki bas\u0131nc\u0131 ka\u011f\u0131da \u00e7iziyordu. Bu, m\u00fchendisler, teknisyenler ve sigorta m\u00fcfetti\u015fleri taraf\u0131ndan rutin olarak kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Motor g\u00f6stergesi ayn\u0131 zamanda i\u00e7ten yanmal\u0131 motorlarda da kullan\u0131labilir. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki g\u00f6sterge \u015femas\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fcne bak\u0131n\u0131z (Motor birimleri tipleri b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde).",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 67,
                  "text": "buhar motoru g\u00f6stergesidir"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57114667a58dae1900cd6d80",
              "question": "Buhar motoru performans\u0131n\u0131 incelemek i\u00e7in hangi ara\u00e7 kullan\u0131l\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 111,
                  "text": "1851"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57114667a58dae1900cd6d81",
              "question": "Buhar motoru g\u00f6stergesinin kaydedilen en eski kullan\u0131m\u0131 hangi y\u0131ldayd\u0131?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 239,
                  "text": "Charles Porter"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57114667a58dae1900cd6d82",
              "question": "Hangi \u015firket en ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 buhar motoru g\u00f6stergesini geli\u015ftirdi?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 173,
                  "text": "Charles Richard"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57114667a58dae1900cd6d83",
              "question": "Charles Porter i\u00e7in ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir buhar motoru g\u00f6stergesini kim geli\u015ftirdi?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 291,
                  "text": "Londra Fuar\u0131\u2019nda"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57114667a58dae1900cd6d84",
              "question": "Charles Porter buhar motoru g\u00f6stergesi nerede sergilendi?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Rankine \u00e7evriminin verimlili\u011fi genellikle arac\u0131 ak\u0131\u015fkan ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r. Bas\u0131n\u00e7, arac\u0131 ak\u0131\u015fkan i\u00e7in kritik \u00fcst\u00fc seviyelere ula\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, \u00e7evrimin \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilece\u011fi s\u0131cakl\u0131k aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 olduk\u00e7a k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckt\u00fcr; buhar t\u00fcrbinlerinde, t\u00fcrbin giri\u015f s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131 tipik genellikle 565 \u00b0C'dir (paslanmaz \u00e7eli\u011fin s\u00fcr\u00fcnme s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131) ve yo\u011fu\u015fturucu s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k 30 \u00b0C'dir. Bu, modern bir k\u00f6m\u00fcr yak\u0131tl\u0131 elektrik santrali i\u00e7in%42'lik bir fiili verimlilik ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda %63'l\u00fck teorik bir Carnot \u00e7evrimi verimlili\u011fi sa\u011flar. Bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck t\u00fcrbin giri\u015f s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131, (bir gaz t\u00fcrbini ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda) kombine \u00e7evrim gaz t\u00fcrbini santrallerinde olu\u015fum d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc \u00e7evrimi olarak genellikle Rankine \u00e7evriminin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n nedenidir.[kaynak belirtilmeli]",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 42,
                  "text": "arac\u0131 ak\u0131\u015fkan"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5b",
              "question": "Rankine \u00e7evriminin verimlili\u011fini ne s\u0131n\u0131rlar?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 269,
                  "text": "565 \u00b0C'dir"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5c",
              "question": "Bir buhar t\u00fcrbininin t\u00fcrbin giri\u015f s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Santigrat derece cinsinden nedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 281,
                  "text": "paslanmaz \u00e7eli\u011fin"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5d",
              "question": "565 \u00b0C s\u00fcr\u00fcnme s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 nedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 468,
                  "text": "%63'l\u00fck"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5f",
              "question": "Bir t\u00fcrbinin teorik Carnot \u00e7evrimi verimlili\u011fi nedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 352,
                  "text": "30 \u00b0C'dir"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5e",
              "question": "Bir t\u00fcrbindeki yakla\u015f\u0131k yo\u011fu\u015fturucu s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 nedir?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Pistonlu buhar motorunun art\u0131k yayg\u0131n ticari kullan\u0131mda olmamas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, \u00e7e\u015fitli \u015firketler motorun potansiyelini i\u00e7ten yanmal\u0131 motorlara bir alternatif olarak ara\u015ft\u0131rmakta veya kullanmaktad\u0131r. \u0130sve\u00e7'teki Energiprojekt AB \u015firketi, buhar\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fcnden yararlanmak i\u00e7in modern malzemelerin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131nda ilerleme kaydetmi\u015ftir. Energiprojekt'in buhar motorunun verimlili\u011fi, y\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 motorlarda %27-30'a ula\u015fmaktad\u0131r. K\u0131zg\u0131n buharl\u0131 tek ad\u0131ml\u0131, 5 silindirli bir motordur (kademesiz) ve yakla\u015f\u0131k KWh ba\u015f\u0131na 4 kg (8,8 lb) buhar t\u00fcketmektedir.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 206,
                  "text": "Energiprojekt AB"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57115bf350c2381900b54a93",
              "question": "Hangi modern \u015firket \u00f6zellikle modern malzemeler kullanarak bir buhar motoru \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yordu?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 195,
                  "text": "\u0130sve\u00e7'teki"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57115bf350c2381900b54a94",
              "question": "Energiprojekt AB nerededir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 448,
                  "text": "5"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57115bf350c2381900b54a95",
              "question": "Energiprojekt AB motorunda ka\u00e7 silindir vard\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 515,
                  "text": "8,8"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57115bf350c2381900b54a96",
              "question": "Energiprojekt AB'nin motoru kilowatt saatte ka\u00e7 pound buhar kullan\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 398,
                  "text": "%27-30'a"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57115bf350c2381900b54a97",
              "question": "Energiprojekt AB motorunun eri\u015fti\u011fi y\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 motor verimi y\u00fczde ka\u00e7t\u0131r?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Bir buhar t\u00fcrbini, birbirini s\u0131rayla izleyen t\u00fcrbin muhafazas\u0131na sabitlenmi\u015f bir dizi stator (statik diskler) ve bir tahrik \u015faft\u0131 \u00fczerine monte edilmi\u015f bir veya daha fazla rotordan (d\u00f6nen diskler) olu\u015fur. Rotorlar, d\u0131\u015f kenarda pervane benzeri bir b\u0131\u00e7ak d\u00fczenine sahiptir. Buhar bu b\u0131\u00e7aklara etki ederek d\u00f6ner hareket sa\u011flar. Stator, buhar ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 bir sonraki rotor a\u015famas\u0131na y\u00f6nlendirmeye yarayan benzer fakat sabit bir b\u0131\u00e7ak serisinden olu\u015fur. Bir buhar t\u00fcrbini genellikle vakum sa\u011flayan bir y\u00fczey kondansat\u00f6r\u00fcne bo\u015fal\u0131r. Bir buhar t\u00fcrbininin a\u015famalar\u0131 tipik olarak, buhar\u0131n belirli bir h\u0131z ve bas\u0131nc\u0131ndan maksimum potansiyel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karmak i\u00e7in d\u00fczenlenir, bu da de\u011fi\u015fken boyutlu bir dizi y\u00fcksek ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bas\u0131n\u00e7 a\u015famas\u0131na yol a\u00e7ar. T\u00fcrbinler yaln\u0131zca nispeten y\u00fcksek h\u0131zda d\u00f6nerlerse verimlidirler, bu nedenle genellikle bir gemi pervanesi gibi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck h\u0131zl\u0131 uygulamalar\u0131 s\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in red\u00fcksiyon di\u015flisine ba\u011flan\u0131rlar. B\u00fcy\u00fck elektrik \u00fcretim istasyonlar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funda t\u00fcrbinler, red\u00fcksiyon di\u015flisi olmadan do\u011frudan jenerat\u00f6rlere ba\u011flan\u0131r. Tipik h\u0131zlar, ABD'de 60 Hertz g\u00fc\u00e7te dakikada 3600 devir (RPM), 50 Hertz elektrik g\u00fc\u00e7 sistemine sahip Avrupa ve di\u011fer \u00fclkelerde 3000 RPM\u2019dir. N\u00fckleer enerji uygulamalar\u0131nda t\u00fcrbinler tipik olarak bu h\u0131zlar\u0131n yar\u0131s\u0131nda, 1800 RPM ve 1500 RPM'de \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Bir t\u00fcrbin rotoru ayr\u0131ca yaln\u0131zca bir y\u00f6nde d\u00f6nerken g\u00fc\u00e7 sa\u011flayabilir. Bu nedenle, ters y\u00f6nde g\u00fcc\u00fcn gerekli oldu\u011fu yerlerde genellikle bir geri vites kademesi veya di\u015fli kutusu gerekir.[kaynak belirtilmeli]",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 182,
                  "text": "d\u00f6nen diskler"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57115ff82419e314009555c3",
              "question": "Rotorlar i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan di\u011fer terim nedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 117,
                  "text": "tahrik \u015faft\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57115ff82419e314009555c4",
              "question": "Bir buhar t\u00fcrbininde, rotorlar neye monte edilir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 94,
                  "text": "statik diskler"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57115ff82419e314009555c5",
              "question": "Statorlara adland\u0131rman\u0131n ba\u015fka bir yolu nedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 45,
                  "text": "t\u00fcrbin muhafazas\u0131na"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57115ff82419e314009555c6",
              "question": "Statorlar neye ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 1086,
                  "text": "dakikada 3600 devir"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57115ff82419e314009555c7",
              "question": "Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri'nde 60 Hertz g\u00fcc\u00fcnde normal bir t\u00fcrbinin h\u0131z\u0131 nedir?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "title": "Steam_engine"
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "context": "Oksijen, birbirinden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak, Uppsala'da 1773 ya da \u00f6nceki y\u0131llarda Carl Wilhelm Scheele ve Wiltshire'da 1774 y\u0131l\u0131nda Joseph Priestley taraf\u0131ndan ke\u015ffedildi, ancak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ilk yay\u0131nland\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in Priestley'e s\u0131kl\u0131kla \u00f6ncelik verilmektedir. Oksijen ad\u0131, 1777'de, oksijenle ilgili deneyleri o zamanki pop\u00fcler yanma ve korozyonun flojiston kuram\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7ersiz k\u0131lmaya yard\u0131mc\u0131 olan Antoine Lavoisier taraf\u0131ndan icat edildi. Ad\u0131, Yunan k\u00f6kenli, asitlerin ek\u015fi tad\u0131na at\u0131f yapan \u1f40\u03be\u03cd\u03c2 oksys, \"asit\", kelime anlam\u0131yla \"keskin\" ve \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2 - genes, \"\u00fcretici\", kelime anlam\u0131yla \"sebep olan kimse\" k\u00f6klerinden t\u00fcremi\u015ftir, isimlendirildi\u011fi zaman nedeniyle, yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131kla t\u00fcm asitlerin bile\u015fimlerinde oksijen gerektirdi\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Oksijen yayg\u0131n kullan\u0131m alanlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u00e7elik, plastik ve tekstil \u00fcretim d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc, \u00e7eliklerin ve di\u011fer metallerin lehimlenmesi, kaynak yap\u0131lmas\u0131 ve kesilmesi, roketlerde itici gaz, oksijen terapisi ve u\u00e7aklarda, denizalt\u0131larda, uzay u\u00e7u\u015funda ve dal\u0131\u015fta ya\u015fam destek sistemleri bulunur.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 49,
                  "text": "1773"
                }
              ],
              "id": "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e2",
              "question": "Carl Wilhelm Scheele oksijeni ne zaman ke\u015ffetti?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 113,
                  "text": "1774"
                }
              ],
              "id": "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e3",
              "question": "Joseph Priestley hangi y\u0131lda oksijenin fark\u0131na vard\u0131?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 172,
                  "text": "\u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ilk yay\u0131nland\u0131\u011f\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e4",
              "question": "Oksijeni ilk ke\u015ffedenin Priestley oldu\u011fu iddias\u0131n\u0131n nedeni nedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 387,
                  "text": "Antoine Lavoisier"
                }
              ],
              "id": "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e5",
              "question": "Oksijen kelimesini ilk olara hangi ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 kulland\u0131?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 317,
                  "text": "yanma ve korozyonun flojiston kuram\u0131n\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e6",
              "question": "Lavoisier deneyleri hangi \u00f6nceki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n itibar\u0131n\u0131 sarst\u0131?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "1891'de \u0130sko\u00e7 kimyager James Dewar \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak i\u00e7in yeterince s\u0131v\u0131 oksijen \u00fcretmeyi ba\u015fard\u0131. S\u0131v\u0131 oksijen \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in ticari olarak uygulanabilir ilk s\u00fcre\u00e7, 1895 y\u0131l\u0131nda Alman m\u00fchendis Carl von Linde ve \u0130ngiliz m\u00fchendis William Hampson taraf\u0131ndan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak geli\u015ftirildi. Her iki adam da havan\u0131n \u0131s\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131v\u0131la\u015fana kadar d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrd\u00fc ve ard\u0131ndan bile\u015fen gazlar\u0131n her seferde birini kaynat\u0131p yakalayarak dam\u0131tt\u0131. Daha sonra, 1901'de, ilk kez asetilen ve s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f O\n2 kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n yak\u0131lmas\u0131yla oksiasetilen kayna\u011f\u0131 bulundu. Bu kaynak ve metal kesme y\u00f6ntemi daha sonra yayg\u0131n hale geldi.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 23,
                  "text": "James Dewar"
                }
              ],
              "id": "571c9348dd7acb1400e4c114",
              "question": "Hangi kimyager \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma amac\u0131yla kullanmak i\u00e7in yeterince s\u0131v\u0131 oksijen \u00fcretmeyi ba\u015fard\u0131?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 0,
                  "text": "1891'de"
                }
              ],
              "id": "571c9348dd7acb1400e4c115",
              "question": "Dewar hangi y\u0131lda s\u0131v\u0131 oksijen \u00fczerinde deney yapt\u0131?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 155,
                  "text": "1895"
                }
              ],
              "id": "571c9348dd7acb1400e4c116",
              "question": "Ticari kullan\u0131m i\u00e7in ne zaman s\u0131v\u0131 oksijen geli\u015ftirildi?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 494,
                  "text": "oksiasetilen kayna\u011f\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "571c9348dd7acb1400e4c118",
              "question": "1901'de hangi kaynak i\u015flemi bulundu?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Paleoklimatologlar, iklimin milyonlarca y\u0131l \u00f6nce nas\u0131l oldu\u011funu belirlemek i\u00e7in deniz organizmalar\u0131n\u0131n kabuklar\u0131 ve iskeletlerindeki oksijen-18 ve oksijen-16 oran\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7er (bkz. Oksijen izotop oran\u0131 d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc). Daha hafif izotop, oksijen-16'y\u0131 i\u00e7eren deniz suyu molek\u00fclleri, %12 daha a\u011f\u0131r olan oksijen-18'i i\u00e7eren su molek\u00fcllerinden biraz daha h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde buharla\u015f\u0131r; bu e\u015fitsizlik d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131klarda artar. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck k\u00fcresel s\u0131cakl\u0131k d\u00f6nemlerinde, buharla\u015fan sudan gelen kar ve ya\u011fmur oksijen-16'da, geride kalan deniz suyu oksijen-18'de daha y\u00fcksek olma e\u011filimindedir. Deniz organizmalar\u0131 daha sonra iskeletlerine ve kabuklar\u0131na daha s\u0131cak bir iklimde oldu\u011fundan daha fazla oksijen-18 ekler. Paleoklimatologlar ayr\u0131ca bu oran\u0131 direkt olarak y\u00fcz binlerce y\u0131ll\u0131k buz \u00e7ekirde\u011fi numunelerinin su molek\u00fcllerinde \u00f6l\u00e7erler.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 0,
                  "text": "Paleoklimatologlar"
                }
              ],
              "id": "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c132",
              "question": "Hangi grup bilim insan\u0131 deniz hayvanlar\u0131ndaki oksijen miktar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7er?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 20,
                  "text": "iklimin"
                }
              ],
              "id": "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c133",
              "question": "Paleoklimatologlar hangi hava durumu \u00f6zellikleri hakk\u0131nda bilgi ister?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 273,
                  "text": "%12"
                }
              ],
              "id": "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c134",
              "question": "Oksijen 18 oksijen 16'dan ne kadar daha a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 526,
                  "text": "oksijen-18'de"
                }
              ],
              "id": "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c135",
              "question": "Deniz hayvanlar\u0131, daha so\u011fuk iklim ko\u015fullar\u0131nda hangi oksijen formunu y\u00fcksek miktarlarda elde eder?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 413,
                  "text": "D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck k\u00fcresel s\u0131cakl\u0131k d\u00f6nemlerinde"
                }
              ],
              "id": "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c136",
              "question": "Ne t\u00fcr bir iklim s\u0131ras\u0131nda deniz suyu i\u00e7inde oksijen 18 daha y\u00fcksek seviyelerdedir?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Oksijen, 687 ve 760nm dalga boylar\u0131nda zirveye \u00e7\u0131kan iki spektrofotometrik so\u011furum ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131 sunar. Baz\u0131 uzaktan alg\u0131lamac\u0131 bilim adamlar\u0131, bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc tepe \u00e7at\u0131lar\u0131ndan gelen \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n bu ku\u015faklar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc bir uydu platformundan yaparak bitki sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumunu tan\u0131mlamak i\u00e7in kullanmay\u0131 teklif ettiler. Bu yakla\u015f\u0131m, bu ku\u015faklarda, bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn yans\u0131mas\u0131n\u0131, \u00e7ok daha zay\u0131f olan \u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131m\u0131ndan ay\u0131rt etmenin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu ger\u00e7e\u011fini kullan\u0131r. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck sinyal-g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc oran\u0131 ve bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn fiziksel yap\u0131s\u0131 nedeniyle \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm teknik olarak zordur; ancak k\u00fcresel \u00f6l\u00e7ekte uydulardan karbon d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc izlemek i\u00e7in olas\u0131 bir y\u00f6ntem olarak \u00f6nerilmi\u015ftir.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 9,
                  "text": "687 ve 760nm"
                }
              ],
              "id": "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c13c",
              "question": "Spektrofotometrik ku\u015flaklar hangi dalga boyunda zirve yapar?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 573,
                  "text": "karbon d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc"
                }
              ],
              "id": "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c13d",
              "question": "Bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcnden kaynaklanan \u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131m\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7mek hangi olaylar\u0131 izlemek i\u00e7in bilgi sa\u011flar?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 206,
                  "text": "bir uydu platformundan"
                }
              ],
              "id": "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c13e",
              "question": "Bilim adamlar\u0131, bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc \u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 nereden \u00f6l\u00e7mek ister?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 546,
                  "text": "k\u00fcresel"
                }
              ],
              "id": "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c13f",
              "question": "Bilim adamlar\u0131, bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmlerini hangi \u00f6l\u00e7ekte g\u00f6sterir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 102,
                  "text": "uzaktan"
                }
              ],
              "id": "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c140",
              "question": "Bilim adamlar\u0131, k\u00fcresel \u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131m\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7mek i\u00e7in nas\u0131l bir alg\u0131lama bi\u00e7imi kullan\u0131r?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Hiperbarik (y\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131) t\u0131p, hastan\u0131n ve gerekti\u011finde t\u0131bbi personelin \u00e7evresindeki k\u0131smi O\n2 bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in \u00f6zel oksijen odalar\u0131 kullan\u0131r. Karbonmonoksit zehirlenmesi, gazl\u0131 kangren ve dekompresyon hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 (\u2018vurgun\u2019) bazen bu cihazlar kullan\u0131larak tedavi edilir. Akci\u011ferlerde art\u0131r\u0131lan O\n2 konsantrasyonu, karbonmonoksitin hemoglobin hem grubundan ayr\u0131lmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur. Oksijen gaz\u0131, gaz kangrenine neden olan anaerobik bakteriler i\u00e7in zehirlidir, bu nedenle k\u0131smi bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, onlar\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrmeye yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur. Dekompresyon hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131, bir dal\u0131\u015ftan sonra \u00e7ok h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde dekompresyon yapan dalg\u0131\u00e7larda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar, bu da kanlar\u0131nda \u00e7o\u011funlukla azot ve helyum olan soy gaz kabarc\u0131klar\u0131 olu\u015fmas\u0131na neden olur. O\n2 bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olan en k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede artt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 tedavinin bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 128,
                  "text": "oksijen odalar\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "571cd3b55efbb31900334e03",
              "question": "Karbonmonoksit zehirlenmesi gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli durumlar\u0131 tedavi etmek i\u00e7in hangi cihaz kullan\u0131l\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 323,
                  "text": "karbonmonoksitin"
                }
              ],
              "id": "571cd3b55efbb31900334e04",
              "question": "Hastan\u0131n akci\u011ferlerinde artan oksijen konsantrasyonu neyi yerinden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 432,
                  "text": "anaerobik bakteriler"
                }
              ],
              "id": "571cd3b55efbb31900334e05",
              "question": "Gaz kangrenine neden olan hangi patojen i\u00e7in oksijen zehirlidir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 543,
                  "text": "Dekompresyon hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "571cd3b55efbb31900334e06",
              "question": "Bir dalg\u0131c\u0131n \u00e7ok \u00e7abuk dekompresyon yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir dal\u0131\u015ftan sonra ne olur?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "title": "Oxygen"
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "context": "6 Ekim 1973'te Suriye ve M\u0131s\u0131r, di\u011fer Arap milletlerinin deste\u011fiyle Yom Kippur Bayram\u0131nda \u0130srail'e s\u00fcrpriz bir sald\u0131r\u0131 ba\u015flatt\u0131. Arap-\u0130srail anla\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki bu sava\u015flar\u0131n yenilenmesi, petrol fiyatlar\u0131 \u00fczerindeki temel ekonomik bask\u0131y\u0131 serbest b\u0131rakt\u0131. O zamanlar, \u0130ran d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck ikinci petrol ihracat\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 ve yak\u0131n ABD m\u00fcttefikiydi. Haftalar sonra, \u0130ran \u015eah\u0131 bir r\u00f6portajda \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6yledi: \u201cTabii ki [petrol\u00fcn fiyat\u0131] artacak... Kesinlikle! Hem de nas\u0131l!... Sizler [Bat\u0131 uluslar\u0131] bize satt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z bu\u011fday\u0131n fiyat\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fczde 300 art\u0131rd\u0131n\u0131z, \u015feker ve \u00e7imento i\u00e7in de ayn\u0131s\u0131 ge\u00e7erli... Ham petrol\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fc al\u0131yor, petrokimya olak rafine ediyor ve bize \u00f6dedi\u011finiz fiyat\u0131n y\u00fczlerce kat\u0131na geri sat\u0131yorsunuz... Bunun adil olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in, bundan sonra petrol i\u00e7in daha fazla para \u00f6demelisiniz. On kat\u0131 daha fazla diyelim.\u201d",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 0,
                  "text": "6 Ekim 1973'te"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5725bad5271a42140099d0bd",
              "question": "Suriye ve M\u0131s\u0131r, \u0130srail\u2019e ne zaman s\u00fcrpriz bir sald\u0131r\u0131 ba\u015flatt\u0131?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 266,
                  "text": "\u0130ran"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5725bad5271a42140099d0be",
              "question": "D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck ikinci petrol \u00fcreticisi kimdi?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 787,
                  "text": "On"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5725bad5271a42140099d0bf",
              "question": "S\u00fcrpriz sald\u0131r\u0131dan sonra di\u011fer uluslar petrole ka\u00e7 kat daha fazla \u00f6demek zorunda kald\u0131?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 266,
                  "text": "\u0130ran"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5725bad5271a42140099d0c0",
              "question": "Hangi petrol \u00fcreticisi ABD'nin yak\u0131n m\u00fcttefiki idi?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 129,
                  "text": "Arap-\u0130srail anla\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki bu sava\u015flar\u0131n yenilenmesi"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5725bad5271a42140099d0c1",
              "question": "\u0130ran \u015eah\u0131 ni\u00e7in bir r\u00f6portaj verdi?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Ambargo, ABD enerji g\u00fcvenli\u011fi \u00fczerindeki tehditleri ele almak i\u00e7in acil taleplere neden olarak ABD ekonomisini olumsuz etkilemi\u015ftir. Uluslararas\u0131 d\u00fczeyde, fiyat art\u0131\u015flar\u0131 otomobil gibi bir\u00e7ok sekt\u00f6rde rekabet\u00e7i konumlar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirdi. Makroekonomik problemler hem enflasyonist hem de deflasyonist etkilerden olu\u015ftu. Ambargo petrol \u015firketlerini, Kuzey Kutbu gibi engebeli arazilerde bile, petrol kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in yeni yollar aramak zorunda b\u0131rakt\u0131. \u00d6nemli derecede \u00fcretime ba\u015flamak i\u00e7in petrol bulmak ve yeni alanlar\u0131 geli\u015ftirmek be\u015f ila on y\u0131l s\u00fcrmekteydi. ",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 0,
                  "text": "Ambargo"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726241189a1e219009ac2de",
              "question": "Neyin ABD ekonomisi \u00fczerinde olumsuz etkisi olmu\u015ftur?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 171,
                  "text": "otomobil"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726241189a1e219009ac2df",
              "question": "Uluslararas\u0131 d\u00fczeyde, hangi end\u00fcstrinin rekabet\u00e7i konumlar\u0131 etkilenmi\u015ftir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 233,
                  "text": "Makroekonomik"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726241189a1e219009ac2e0",
              "question": "Hangi sorun hem enflasyonist hem de deflasyonist etkilerden olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 343,
                  "text": "Kuzey Kutbu"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726241189a1e219009ac2e1",
              "question": "Petrol krizi, petrol \u015firketlerinin hangi b\u00f6lgede petrol arz\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmas\u0131na neden oldu?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 537,
                  "text": "be\u015f ila on"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726241189a1e219009ac2e2",
              "question": "Yeni alanlar\u0131n \u00f6nemli miktarda petrol \u00fcretimine sahip olmas\u0131 ne kadar s\u00fcrer?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "1973 y\u0131l\u0131nda Nixon, ambargoya verilen yan\u0131t\u0131 koordine etmek i\u00e7in olu\u015fturulan k\u0131sa vadeli bir organizasyon olan Federal Enerji Ofisinin ilk Y\u00f6neticisi olarak William E. Simon'\u0131 se\u00e7ti. Simon, 1974 y\u0131l\u0131nda her bir eyalete 1972'de t\u00fckettikleri kadar yerel petrol tahsis etti, bu n\u00fcfusu artmayan eyaletler i\u00e7in i\u015fe yarad\u0131. Di\u011fer eyaletlerde, benzin istasyonlar\u0131nda kuyruklar yayg\u0131nd\u0131. Amerikan Otomobil Birli\u011fi, 1974 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n \u015eubat ay\u0131n\u0131n son haftas\u0131nda, Amerikan benzin istasyonlar\u0131n\u0131n %20'sinde yak\u0131t olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildirdi.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 157,
                  "text": "William E. Simon'\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57264d9edd62a815002e80fe",
              "question": "Federal Enerji Ofisinin ilk y\u00f6neticisi kimdir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 0,
                  "text": "1973"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57264d9edd62a815002e80ff",
              "question": "Nixon taraf\u0131ndan ne zaman se\u00e7ildi?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 20,
                  "text": "ambargoya verilen yan\u0131t\u0131 koordine etmek i\u00e7in"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57264d9edd62a815002e8100",
              "question": "Bu k\u0131sa s\u00fcreli organizasyon neden olu\u015fturuldu?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 481,
                  "text": "%20'sinde"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57264d9edd62a815002e8101",
              "question": "AAA'ya g\u00f6re, yak\u0131t\u0131 t\u00fckenen benzin istasyonlar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczdesi nedir?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Enerji krizi, yenilenebilir enerji, n\u00fckleer enerji ve yerel fosil yak\u0131tlara daha fazla ilgi duyulmas\u0131na neden oldu. Krizden bu yana Amerikan enerji politikalar\u0131na kriz-zihniyeti d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinin egemen oldu\u011funa, pahal\u0131 h\u0131zl\u0131 d\u00fczeltmelerin ve piyasa ve teknoloji ger\u00e7ekliklerini g\u00f6rmezden gelen tek seferlik \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlerin te\u015fvik edildi\u011fine dair ele\u015ftiriler bulunmakta. Giri\u015fimcilik ve inovasyon i\u00e7in \u00e7ok fazla alan b\u0131rak\u0131rken, temel ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 destekleyen istikrarl\u0131 kurallar sunmak yerine, kongreler ve ba\u015fkanlar tekrar tekrar siyasi olarak uygun, ancak ba\u015far\u0131 \u015fanslar\u0131 \u015f\u00fcpheli olan \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler vaat eden politikalar\u0131 desteklediler.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 0,
                  "text": "Enerji krizi"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572650325951b619008f6fa9",
              "question": "Yenilenebilir kaynaklara b\u00fcy\u00fck ilgi g\u00f6sterilmesini sa\u011flayan kataliz\u00f6r neydi?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 238,
                  "text": "piyasa ve teknoloji ger\u00e7ekliklerini"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572650325951b619008f6faa",
              "question": "Enerji politikalar\u0131n\u0131n, pahal\u0131 h\u0131zl\u0131 d\u00fczeltmeler yaparak hangi ger\u00e7ekleri g\u00f6rmezden geldi\u011fine dair ele\u015ftiriler yap\u0131l\u0131yordu?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 486,
                  "text": "kongreler ve ba\u015fkanlar"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572650325951b619008f6fab",
              "question": "Kula\u011fa iyi gelen ancak ba\u015far\u0131 \u015fanslar\u0131 zay\u0131f olan politikalar\u0131 kimler destekledi?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Baz\u0131 al\u0131c\u0131lar, ilk Japon kompaktlar\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck boyutundan yak\u0131nd\u0131 ve hem Toyota hem de Nissan (daha sonra Datsun olarak bilinir), fiyatlar\u0131 art\u0131rmadan yolcu alan\u0131 ilave edilen ve klima, hidrolik direksiyon, AM-FM radyo ve hatta elektrikli camlar ve merkezi kilitleme gibi konforlar eklenen Toyota Corona Mark II, Toyota Cressida, Mazda 616 ve Datsun 810 gibi daha b\u00fcy\u00fck otomobilleri piyasaya s\u00fcrd\u00fc. 1973 petrol krizinden sonra on y\u0131l sonra, 1981 g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc ihracat s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar\u0131ndan etkilenen Honda, Toyota ve Nissan, ABD montaj tesislerini a\u00e7t\u0131lar ve kendilerini kitle pazar markalar\u0131ndan ay\u0131rt etmek i\u00e7in l\u00fcks b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerini (s\u0131ras\u0131yla Acura, Lexus ve Infiniti) kurdular.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 440,
                  "text": "1981"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572659535951b619008f703f",
              "question": "Honda, Toyota ve Nissan ABD montaj tesislerini ne zaman a\u00e7t\u0131?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 289,
                  "text": "Toyota Corona Mark II"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572659535951b619008f7040",
              "question": "Al\u0131c\u0131lar k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck boyuttaki kompaktlardan yak\u0131n\u0131nca, Toyota'n\u0131n sundu\u011fu daha b\u00fcy\u00fck arabalardan birini belirtin?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 178,
                  "text": "klima"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572659535951b619008f7041",
              "question": "Kompakt araba \u00fcretiminin \u00fczerine eklenen bir ekstra \u00f6zelli\u011fi belirtin?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 638,
                  "text": "Lexus"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572659535951b619008f7042",
              "question": "Toyota'n\u0131n l\u00fcks b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinden birini belirtin.."
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "title": "1973_oil_crisis"
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "context": "Seamans\u2019\u0131n, Apollo program\u0131nda kullan\u0131lmak \u00fczere bir f\u0131rlatma arac\u0131 \u00f6nermek \u00fczere Temmuz 1961'de \u00f6zel teknik asistan\u0131 Nicholas E. Golovin ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bir ge\u00e7ici kurul kurmas\u0131, NASA'n\u0131n g\u00f6rev modu karar\u0131nda bir d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131 te\u015fkil etti. Bu komite se\u00e7ilen modun f\u0131rlatma arac\u0131 se\u00e7iminin \u00f6nemli bir par\u00e7as\u0131 oldu\u011funu kabul etti ve hibrit bir EOR-LOR modu lehine tavsiye verdi. Houbolt'un aral\u0131ks\u0131z \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra LOR'un dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131, yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n uygulanabilirli\u011finin duyurulmas\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir rol oynad\u0131. 1961'in sonlar\u0131nda ve 1962'nin ba\u015flar\u0131nda, LOR\u2019un \u015fampiyonu olan, \u0130nsanl\u0131 Uzay U\u00e7u\u015fu Ofisi\u2019nin yeni m\u00fcd\u00fcr yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 Joseph Shea da dahil olmak \u00fczere, \u0130nsanl\u0131 Uzay Arac\u0131 Merkezinin \u00fcyeleri, LOR\u2019u desteklemeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Marshall Uzay U\u00e7u\u015f Merkezi'ndeki (MSFC) m\u00fchendislerin bunun de\u011ferlerine ikna olmalar\u0131 daha uzun s\u00fcrd\u00fc, ancak d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmleri Haziran 1962'de bir brifingde Wernher von Braun taraf\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 118,
                  "text": "Nicholas E. Golovin"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5725c604271a42140099d185",
              "question": "Seaman taraf\u0131ndan kurulan komiteyi kim y\u00f6netti?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 82,
                  "text": "Temmuz 1961'de"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5725c604271a42140099d186",
              "question": "Seaman'\u0131n bu komitesi ne zaman kuruldu?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 666,
                  "text": "\u0130nsanl\u0131 Uzay Arac\u0131 Merkezinin"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5725c604271a42140099d187",
              "question": "LOR\u2019u ilk \u00f6nce hangi NASA grubu destekledi?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 632,
                  "text": "Joseph Shea"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5725c604271a42140099d188",
              "question": "\u0130nsanl\u0131 Uzay U\u00e7u\u015fu Ofisi\u2019nin m\u00fcd\u00fcr yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 olarak kim i\u015fe al\u0131nd\u0131?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 736,
                  "text": "Marshall Uzay U\u00e7u\u015f Merkezi'ndeki"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5725c604271a42140099d189",
              "question": "LOR fikrine en son hangi NASA makam\u0131 kat\u0131ld\u0131?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "\u0130nsans\u0131z bir AS-206 LM test u\u00e7u\u015fundan sonra, bir ekip, ilk Blok II CSM\u2019i ve LM'yi AS-207/208 veya AS-278 olarak bilinen ikili bir g\u00f6revde u\u00e7uracakt\u0131 (her uzay arac\u0131 ayr\u0131 bir Saturn IB'den f\u0131rlat\u0131lacakt\u0131). Block II ekip pozisyonlar\u0131 Komutan (CDR) Komuta Mod\u00fcl\u00fc Pilotu (CMP) ve Ay Mod\u00fcl\u00fc Pilotu (LMP) olarak adland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Astronotlar, aydaki ara\u00e7 d\u0131\u015f\u0131 aktiviteye (EVA) uyum sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in tasarlanm\u0131\u015f yeni bir Apollo uzay giysisi giymeye ba\u015flayacakt\u0131. Geleneksel viz\u00f6r kask, daha fazla g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck i\u00e7in sayfam bir \"fanus\" tipiyle de\u011fi\u015ftirildi ve ay y\u00fczeyi EVA elbisesi su so\u011futmal\u0131 i\u00e7 \u00e7ama\u015f\u0131r\u0131 i\u00e7erecekti.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 0,
                  "text": "\u0130nsans\u0131z"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5725d79e89a1e219009abf90",
              "question": "AS-206'n\u0131n test u\u00e7u\u015funda ka\u00e7 ki\u015fi vard\u0131?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 398,
                  "text": "yeni bir Apollo uzay giysisi"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5725d79e89a1e219009abf91",
              "question": "AS-278 ikili g\u00f6revinde astronotlar ne giyiyordu?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 460,
                  "text": "viz\u00f6r kask"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5725d79e89a1e219009abf92",
              "question": "Saydam \"fanus\" kask\u0131ndan \u00f6nce uzay giysisinde ne bulunuyordu?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 565,
                  "text": "su so\u011futmal\u0131 i\u00e7 \u00e7ama\u015f\u0131r\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5725d79e89a1e219009abf93",
              "question": "E\u011fer varsa, Apollo uzay giysisine ne t\u00fcr bir i\u00e7 \u00e7ama\u015f\u0131r\u0131 dahil edildi?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 276,
                  "text": "Ay Mod\u00fcl\u00fc Pilotu"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5725d79e89a1e219009abf94",
              "question": "LMP k\u0131saltmas\u0131, Blok II'nin f\u0131rlatma pozisyonlar\u0131 ile ilgili neyi temsil ediyordu?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Grissom, White ve Chaffee u\u00e7u\u015flar\u0131n\u0131, ilk insanl\u0131 u\u00e7u\u015fta motivasyonel bir odak noktas\u0131 olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in Apollo 1 olarak adland\u0131rmaya karar verdiler. Kuzey Amerika ve Kennedy Uzay Merkezi'ndeki irtifa odalar\u0131nda e\u011fitim ald\u0131lar ve uzay ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n testlerini yapt\u0131lar. Ocak ay\u0131 i\u00e7in LC-34'te f\u0131rlatma geri say\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 sim\u00fcle edecek ve uzay arac\u0131n\u0131n rampa g\u00fcc\u00fcncen dahili g\u00fcce ge\u00e7ece\u011fi bir \u201cplugs-out\u201d testi planland\u0131. Ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olursa, bunu, hem uzay arac\u0131 hem de f\u0131rlatma arac\u0131 yak\u0131tl\u0131 iken, 21 \u015eubat f\u0131rlatmas\u0131na daha yak\u0131n tarihte daha s\u0131k\u0131 bir geri say\u0131m sim\u00fclasyon testi izleyecekti.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 188,
                  "text": "irtifa odalar\u0131nda"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5725db4aec44d21400f3d6bd",
              "question": "Apollo 1'in ekibi, Kennedy Uzay Merkezi'nde testlerini nerede yapt\u0131?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 0,
                  "text": "Grissom, White ve Chaffee"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5725db4aec44d21400f3d6be",
              "question": "Apollo 1\u2019e ad\u0131n\u0131 kendileri veren ana ekip kimlerden olu\u015fuyordu?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 285,
                  "text": "f\u0131rlatma geri say\u0131m\u0131n\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5725db4aec44d21400f3d6bf",
              "question": "LC-34'te yap\u0131lacak plugs-out testi neyi sim\u00fcle edecekti?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 144,
                  "text": "Kuzey Amerika"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5725db4aec44d21400f3d6c0",
              "question": "Apollo 1, Kennedy Uzay Merkezi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ba\u015fka hangi yerde test edildi?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Plugs-out testi 27 Ocak 1967 sabah\u0131 ba\u015flad\u0131 ve derhal sorunlarla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kal\u0131nd\u0131. \u0130lk \u00f6nce m\u00fcrettebat uzay giysilerinde garip bir koku fark etti ve bu da ge\u00e7itin kapat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 geciktirdi. Ard\u0131ndan, ileti\u015fim sorunlar\u0131 astronotlara engel oldu ve sim\u00fcle edilen geri say\u0131m\u0131 beklemeye zorlad\u0131. Bu bekletme s\u0131ras\u0131nda, kabinde elektrik yang\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015flad\u0131 ve y\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 %100 oksijen ortam\u0131nda h\u0131zla yay\u0131ld\u0131. Yang\u0131ndan kaynaklanan bas\u0131n\u00e7 kabini patlatacak kadar y\u00fckseldi ve yang\u0131n rampa alan\u0131na p\u00fcsk\u00fcrerek m\u00fcrettebat\u0131 kurtarma \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 bo\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. Kapak a\u00e7\u0131lana kadar astronotlar oksijensiz kalarak bo\u011fuldu.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 108,
                  "text": "uzay giysilerinde garip bir koku"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5725dc1638643c19005ace01",
              "question": "Plugs-out testi s\u0131ras\u0131nda astronotlar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilk problem neydi?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 16,
                  "text": "27 Ocak 1967"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5725dc1638643c19005ace02",
              "question": "\u0130lk plugs-out testi ne zaman ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 326,
                  "text": "elektrik yang\u0131n\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5725dc1638643c19005ace03",
              "question": "Plugs-out testinde uzay giysisi kokusu nedeniyle ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen gecikme s\u0131ras\u0131nda ne oldu?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 586,
                  "text": "oksijensiz kalarak"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5725dc1638643c19005ace04",
              "question": "Plugs-out testi s\u0131ras\u0131nda gemideki m\u00fcrettebata ne oldu?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 370,
                  "text": "%100 oksijen"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5725dc1638643c19005ace05",
              "question": "Ne t\u00fcr bir ortam kabin i\u00e7indeki yang\u0131n\u0131 k\u00f6r\u00fcklemeye yard\u0131mc\u0131 oldu?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "230.000$ b\u00fct\u00e7eyle, Apollo 11'den kalan orijinal ay yay\u0131n verileri, Nafzgerand taraf\u0131ndan derlendi ve restorasyon i\u00e7in Lowry Digital g\u00f6revlendirildi. Video, tarihi me\u015fruiyeti bozmadan, rastgele g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcy\u00fc ve kamera sars\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 gidermek i\u00e7in i\u015flendi. G\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcler Avustralya'daki kasetler, CBS News ar\u015fivi ve Johnson Space Center'da yap\u0131lan kinescope kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eriyordu. Restore edilen video, siyah beyaz olarak kalm\u0131\u015f, muhafazakar dijital geli\u015ftirmeler i\u00e7ermekte ve ses kalitesi iyile\u015ftirmeleri i\u00e7ermemektedir.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 67,
                  "text": "Nafzgerand"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5725f39638643c19005acef7",
              "question": "Kalan orijinal Apollo 11 ini\u015f verilerini kim derledi?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 156,
                  "text": "tarihi me\u015fruiyeti bozmadan"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5725f39638643c19005acef8",
              "question": "Kasetler, tarihsel me\u015fruiyete zarar vermeden restore edilip i\u015flenebildi mi ya da kasetlerin baz\u0131 y\u00f6nleri me\u015fruiyetini yitirdi mi?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 337,
                  "text": "kinescope kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5725f39638643c19005acef9",
              "question": "Orijinal kasetleri geri y\u00fcklemek i\u00e7in Johnson Space Center'daki ne t\u00fcr kay\u0131tlar kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 118,
                  "text": "Lowry Digital"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5725f39638643c19005acefa",
              "question": "Orijinal kasetleri geri y\u00fcklemek i\u00e7in hangi \u015firket g\u00f6rev ald\u0131?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 393,
                  "text": "siyah beyaz olarak kalm\u0131\u015f"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5725f39638643c19005acefb",
              "question": "Restore edilen kasetlerdeki g\u00f6rselleri geli\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in onlara renk eklendi mi yoksa siyah beyaz m\u0131 kald\u0131lar?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "title": "Apollo_program"
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "context": "Avrupa Birli\u011fi'ni olu\u015fturan birincil Antla\u015fmalar \u00f6nce k\u00f6m\u00fcr ve \u00e7elik i\u00e7in, daha sonra atom enerjisi i\u00e7in ortak kurallarla ba\u015flad\u0131, ama daha eksiksiz ve resmi kurumlar 1957'deki Roma Antla\u015fmas\u0131 ve 1992'deki Maastricht Antla\u015fmas\u0131'yla kuruldu (\u015fimdi: TFEU). 1960'lar ve 1970'lerde k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck de\u011fi\u015fiklikler yap\u0131ld\u0131. 1986 Avrupa Tek Senedi'yle tek ve dahili bir pazar\u0131n geli\u015fiminin tamamlanmas\u0131, 1997'deki Amsterdam Antla\u015fmas\u0131'yla daha sosyal bir Avrupa'n\u0131n geli\u015fiminin ilerletilmesi ve 2001 Nice Antla\u015fmas\u0131 ve 2007 Lizbon Antla\u015fmas\u0131'yla AB kurumlar\u0131nda \u00fcye devletlerin nisbi g\u00fc\u00e7lerine k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck de\u011fi\u015fiklikler yap\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck de\u011fi\u015fiklik antla\u015fmalar\u0131 imzaland\u0131. Kurulu\u015fundan beri, 1972 y\u0131l\u0131nda Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k, \u0130rlanda, Danimarka ve Norve\u00e7'ten (ger\u00e7i Norve\u00e7 sonunda kat\u0131lmad\u0131), 1979'da Yunanistan'a, 1985'te \u0130spanya ve Portekiz'den 1994'te Avusturya, Finlandiya, Norve\u00e7 ve \u0130sve\u00e7'e (ancak yine Norve\u00e7 referandumda destek bulunamamas\u0131 nedeniyle kat\u0131lamad\u0131), 2004'te \u00c7ek Cumhuriyeti, K\u0131br\u0131s, Estonya, Macaristan, Letonya, Litvanya, Malta, Polonya, Slovakya ve Slovenya'dan 2007'de Romanya ve Bulgaristan'a ve 2013'te H\u0131rvatistan'a kadar daha fazla \u00fcye \u00fclke bir dizi kat\u0131l\u0131m antla\u015fmas\u0131yla kat\u0131ld\u0131. Gr\u00f6nland, 1985 y\u0131l\u0131nda bir Antla\u015fma imzalayarak \u00f6zel stat\u00fc kazand\u0131.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 49,
                  "text": "\u00f6nce k\u00f6m\u00fcr ve \u00e7elik i\u00e7in,"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5bb",
              "question": "Avrupa Birli\u011fi'ni olu\u015fturan birincil antla\u015fmalar nas\u0131l ba\u015flad\u0131?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 167,
                  "text": "1957'deki Roma Antla\u015fmas\u0131 ve 1992'deki Maastricht Antla\u015fmas\u0131'yla kuruldu (\u015fimdi: TFEU)"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5bc",
              "question": "Hangi iki antla\u015fma Avrupa Birli\u011fi'nin daha \u00e7ok resmi kurumlar\u0131n\u0131 tesis etti?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 791,
                  "text": "1985'te"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5bd",
              "question": "Hangi y\u0131llarda \u0130spanya ve Portekiz Avrupa Birli\u011fi'ne kat\u0131ld\u0131?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 757,
                  "text": "kat\u0131lmad\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5be",
              "question": "1972'de Norve\u00e7 Avrupa Birli\u011fi'ne kat\u0131ld\u0131 m\u0131?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 1185,
                  "text": "Gr\u00f6nland"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5bf",
              "question": "Hangi \u00fclke 1985 y\u0131l\u0131nda bir antla\u015fma imzalayarak \u00f6zel stat\u00fc kazand\u0131?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 54,
                  "text": "k\u00f6m\u00fcr ve \u00e7elik i\u00e7in, daha sonra atom enerjisi"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b0",
              "question": "Sonunda AB'yi olu\u015fturan birincil Antla\u015fmalar i\u00e7in ihtiyaca sebep olan neydi?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 196,
                  "text": "1992'deki"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b1",
              "question": "Maastricht Antla\u015fmas\u0131 hangi y\u0131l imzaland\u0131?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 307,
                  "text": "1986"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b2",
              "question": " Avrupa Tek Senedi ne zaman yap\u0131ld\u0131?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 671,
                  "text": "1972"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b3",
              "question": "Danimarka AB'ye ne zaman kat\u0131ld\u0131?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 1195,
                  "text": "1985"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b4",
              "question": "Gr\u00f6nland, ona \u00f6zel bir stat\u00fc veren Antla\u015fmay\u0131 ne zaman imzalad\u0131?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Komisyon yasamay\u0131 ba\u015flatma tekelini elinde bulundursa da, Avrupa Parlamentosu ve Avrupa Birli\u011fi Konseyi yasama s\u00fcrecinde de\u011fi\u015fiklik ve veto haklar\u0131na sahiptir. Avrupa Birli\u011fi Antla\u015fmas\u0131'n\u0131n 9. ve 10. maddeleri uyar\u0131nca AB, \"vatanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n e\u015fitli\u011fi ilkesini\" g\u00f6zetir ve bunun da \"temsili demokraside\" bulunmas\u0131 gerekir. Pratikte, e\u015fitlik ve demokraside eksiklik vard\u0131r \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc Parlamento'daki se\u00e7ilmi\u015f temsilciler Komisyon'un isteklerinin aksine yasama s\u00fcrecini ba\u015flatamazlar, en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00fclkelerin vatanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n Parlamento'da en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00fclkelerin vatanda\u015flar\u0131na k\u0131yasla on kat daha fazla oy a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 vard\u0131r, ve yasama i\u00e7in \"nitelikli \u00e7o\u011funluklar\" ya da Konsey'in konsensusu aran\u0131r. Bu \"demokrasi eksikli\u011finin\" Antla\u015fmalar'daki gerek\u00e7esi olarak genellikle Avrupa ekonomisinin ve siyasi kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n entegrasyonunun tamamlanmas\u0131n\u0131n uzmanlar\u0131n teknik koordinasyonuna ihtiya\u00e7 duymas\u0131 oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcr, \u00f6te yandan sava\u015f sonras\u0131nda halk\u0131n AB'ye y\u00f6nelik anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 geli\u015fmi\u015f ve milliyet\u00e7i duygular azalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Zaman i\u00e7inde bu, Parlamento'nun gittik\u00e7e daha fazla s\u00f6z sahibi olmas\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmi\u015ftir: se\u00e7ilmemi\u015f bir meclis olmaktan 1979 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki ilk do\u011frudan se\u00e7imlere ve oradan yasama s\u00fcrecinde gittik\u00e7e daha fazla hak sahibi olmaya kadar. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla vatanda\u015flar\u0131n haklar\u0131 t\u00fcm Avrupa \u00fcye \u00fclkeleri i\u00e7indeki demokratik devletlere k\u0131yasla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r: TEU'nun 11. maddesine g\u00f6re vatanda\u015flar\u0131n ve derneklerin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini yay\u0131nlamak ve bir milyon imza ile Komisyon taraf\u0131ndan dikkate al\u0131nmak zorunda olan bir inisiyatif sunma haklar\u0131 vard\u0131r. TFEU'nun 227. maddesi ise vatanda\u015flara onlara etki eden konularda Parlamento'ya dilek\u00e7e yazma hakk\u0131 da verir. Parlamento se\u00e7imleri be\u015f y\u0131lda bir ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir ve \u00fcye \u00fclkelerde Avrupa Parlamentosu \u00dcyeleri i\u00e7in verilen oylar nisbi temsil ya da devredilebilir tek oy ile d\u00fczenlenmelidir. 750 AP \u00fcyesi vard\u0131r ve say\u0131lar\u0131 \u00fcye \u00fclke boyutuna g\u00f6re \"azalan orant\u0131sall\u0131ktad\u0131r\". Bunun anlam\u0131 \u015fudur: \u00fcye \u00fclkeleri temsil etmesi gereken kurumun Konsey olmas\u0131 gerekse de, Parlamento'da k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00fcye \u00fclkelerin vatanda\u015flar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00fcye \u00fclkelerin vatanda\u015flar\u0131na k\u0131yasla daha fazla temsil edilmektedir. AP \u00fcyeleri, ulusal Parlamentolarda oldu\u011fu gibi siyasi partilere g\u00f6re b\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcrler: muhafazakar Avrupa Halk Partisi \u015fu an i\u00e7in en b\u00fcy\u00fck partidir ve Avrupa Sosyalistler Partisi ise muhalefete liderlik etmektedir. Partiler, Parti \u00e9cologiste \"Les Verts\" v Parliament davas\u0131nda Adalet Divan\u0131'n\u0131n verdi\u011fi karar uyar\u0131nca AB'den kamu yard\u0131m\u0131 almazlar ve bu tamamen \u00fcye \u00fclkeler taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fczenlenmesi gereken bir meseledir. Parlamento'nun yetkilerine g\u00f6revi k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanma konusunda soru\u015fturma ba\u015flatma ya da mahkeme duru\u015fmalar\u0131 boyunca Ombudsman atama yetkileri de dahildir. Komisyon'un sorulara cevap vermesini talep edebilir ve \u00fc\u00e7te iki \u00e7o\u011funlukla t\u00fcm Komisyon'a gensoru verebilir (1999 y\u0131l\u0131nda Santer Komisyonu'na oldu\u011fu gibi). Baz\u0131 durumlarda Parlamento'nun a\u00e7\u0131k bir \u015fekilde isti\u015fare hakk\u0131 vard\u0131r ve Komisyon buna hakiki bi\u00e7imde uymak zorundad\u0131r. Ancak yasama s\u00fcrecine kat\u0131l\u0131mdaki rol\u00fc halen k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131d\u0131r \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc hi\u00e7bir \u00fcye Komisyon ve Konsey olmaks\u0131z\u0131n ger\u00e7ekten yasa \u00e7\u0131karamaz, bu da iktidar\u0131n (\"kratia\") do\u011frudan halk\u0131n (\"demos\") do\u011frudan se\u00e7ilmi\u015f temsilcilerinde olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir: AB i\u00e7in \"idarenin az\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n de\u011fil \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fun elinde olmas\u0131\" hen\u00fcz do\u011fru de\u011fildir.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 58,
                  "text": "Avrupa Parlamentosu ve Avrupa Birli\u011fi Konseyi"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572651f9f1498d1400e8dbee",
              "question": "Hangi iki y\u00f6netim organ\u0131n\u0131n yasama veto hakk\u0131 vard\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 412,
                  "text": "Komisyon'un isteklerinin aksine yasama s\u00fcrecini ba\u015flatamazlar"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572651f9f1498d1400e8dbef",
              "question": "Parlamento'nun neyi yapamamas\u0131 e\u015fitlik ve demokrasinin eksikli\u011fine sebep olmaktad\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 1655,
                  "text": "be\u015f y\u0131lda bir"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572651f9f1498d1400e8dbf0",
              "question": "Parlamento se\u00e7imleri hangi s\u0131kl\u0131kta ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 2723,
                  "text": "\u00fc\u00e7te iki \u00e7o\u011funlukla"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572651f9f1498d1400e8dbf1",
              "question": "Komisyon'a ge\u00e7erli bir gensoru verilebilmesi i\u00e7in hangi b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckte oy \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu gerekmektedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 3017,
                  "text": "Komisyon ve Konsey"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572651f9f1498d1400e8dbf2",
              "question": "Yasa \u00e7\u0131karabilmek i\u00e7in Parlamento \u00f6nce hangi iki organdan ge\u00e7melidir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 0,
                  "text": "Komisyon"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726938af1498d1400e8e446",
              "question": "Hangi organ\u0131n yasamay\u0131 ba\u015flatma konusunda tekeli vard\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 58,
                  "text": "Avrupa Parlamentosu ve Avrupa Birli\u011fi Konseyi"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726938af1498d1400e8e447",
              "question": "Yasama s\u00fcreci boyunca hangi organlar\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fiklik ve veto hakk\u0131 vard\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 1117,
                  "text": "1979"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726938af1498d1400e8e448",
              "question": "\u0130lk do\u011frudan se\u00e7imler ne zaman yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 1655,
                  "text": "be\u015f y\u0131lda bir"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726938af1498d1400e8e449",
              "question": "Parlamento se\u00e7imleri hangi s\u0131kl\u0131kta yap\u0131l\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 2194,
                  "text": "Avrupa Halk Partisi"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726938af1498d1400e8e44a",
              "question": "Hangi parti \u015fu anda siyasi parti gruplar\u0131na g\u00f6re en b\u00fcy\u00fc\u011f\u00fcd\u00fcr?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Kurulu\u015fundan beri AB gittik\u00e7e artan say\u0131da ulusal ve k\u00fcreselle\u015fen yasal sistem i\u00e7inde faaliyet g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Bu nedenle hem Avrupa Adalet Divan\u0131 ve en y\u00fcksek ulusal mahkemeler farkl\u0131 sistemler aras\u0131nda yasal \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zmek i\u00e7in ilkeler geli\u015ftirmek zorunda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. AB'nin kendisi i\u00e7inde Adalet Divan\u0131'n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc, AB yasas\u0131n\u0131n bir ulusal yasan\u0131n maddesiyle \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 halinde AB yasas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011fe sahip oldu\u011fudur. 1964 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki ilk b\u00fcy\u00fck dava olan Costa v ENEL'de Milanolu bir avukat ve bir enerji \u015firketinin eski payda\u015f\u0131 olan Bay Costa, \u0130talyan enerji \u015firketlerinin millile\u015ftirilmesine kar\u015f\u0131 bir protesto olarak elektrik faturas\u0131n\u0131 Enel'e \u00f6demeyi reddetmi\u015ftir. \u0130talyan millile\u015ftirme yasas\u0131n\u0131n Roma Antla\u015fmas\u0131'na ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011funu iddia etmi\u015f ve hem \u0130talyan Anayasa Mahkemesi'ne hem de TFEU'nun 267. maddesine g\u00f6re Adalet Divan\u0131'na ba\u015fvurulmas\u0131n\u0131 talep etmi\u015ftir. \u0130talyan Anayasa Mahkemesi, millile\u015ftirme yasas\u0131n\u0131n 1962 y\u0131l\u0131ndan olmas\u0131 ve antla\u015fman\u0131n 1958'de y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmesi nedeniyle Costa'n\u0131n iddias\u0131n\u0131n ge\u00e7ersiz oldu\u011fu y\u00f6nde g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f belirtmi\u015ftir. Bunun aksine Adalet Divan\u0131 nihai olarak Roma Antla\u015fmas\u0131'n\u0131n enerjinin millile\u015ftirilmesine engel te\u015fkil etmedi\u011fini ve Antla\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131na g\u00f6re Bay Costa'n\u0131n de\u011fil, yaln\u0131zca Komisyon'un iddiada bulunabilece\u011fini \u00f6ne s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Ancak ilkesel olarak Bay Costa'n\u0131n Antla\u015fma'n\u0131n ulusal yasayla \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma halinde oldu\u011funu iddia etme hakk\u0131 vard\u0131r ve mahkemenin karar\u0131na itiraz edilmemesi halinde ba\u015fvuru yapmak amac\u0131yla onun iddias\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme g\u00f6revi vard\u0131r. Adalet Divan\u0131, kendi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc Van Gend en Loos'ta tekrarlayarak \u00fcye \u00fclkelerin \"kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k ilkesine dayanarak\" \"k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131 alanlar dahilinde olsa da egemen haklar\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131tlad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ve hem vatanda\u015flar\u0131na hem kendilerine uygulanan bir hukuk organ\u0131 olu\u015fturduklar\u0131n\u0131\" s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir. AB hukuku \"toplulu\u011fun kendisinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorgulanmadan nas\u0131l ifade edilirse edilsin yerel yasal h\u00fck\u00fcmler taraf\u0131ndan h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fcz k\u0131l\u0131namaz.\" Bunun anlam\u0131, \u00fcye \u00fclkelerin \"bundan sonraki tek tarafl\u0131 i\u015flemlerinin\" uygulanamaz oldu\u011fudur. Benzer bi\u00e7imde, Amministrazione delle Finanze v Simmenthal SpA'da, bir \u015firket olan Simmenthal SpA, 1970'te ge\u00e7en bir \u0130talyan yasas\u0131na g\u00f6re Fransa'dan \u0130talya'ya dana eti ithalat\u0131nda kamu sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 tefti\u015f \u00fccreti al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n 1964 ve 1968 y\u0131llar\u0131ndan iki Reg\u00fclasyon'a ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011funu iddia etmi\u015ftir. Adalet Divan\u0131, \"topluluk hukukunun \u00f6nceli\u011fi ilkesi uyar\u0131nca kurumlar\u0131n do\u011frudan uygulanabilir tedbirlerinin\" (bu durumda Reg\u00fclasyonlar) \"mevcut ulusal hukukun \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmakta olan herhangi bir h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fc kendili\u011finden uygulanamaz k\u0131lar\" demi\u015ftir. Bu, Antla\u015fma ile \"\u00fcye \u00fclkeler taraf\u0131ndan ko\u015fulsuz ve geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fs\u00fcz bi\u00e7imde \u00fcstlenilen y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerin\" AB'nin \"temellerini tehlikeye atabilecek olan\" \"kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelen inkar\u0131n\u0131\" \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in zorunlu olmu\u015ftur. Ancak Adalet Divan\u0131'n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerine ra\u011fmen \u00fcye devletlerin ulusal mahkemeleri ayn\u0131 analizi kabul etmemi\u015flerdir.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 380,
                  "text": "AB yasas\u0131n\u0131n"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57265e455951b619008f70bb",
              "question": "AB hukuku ve ulusal hukuk aras\u0131nda bir \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma varsa hangi hukuk \u00f6ncelik sahibidir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 895,
                  "text": "millile\u015ftirme yasas\u0131n\u0131n 1962 y\u0131l\u0131ndan olmas\u0131 ve antla\u015fman\u0131n 1958'de y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmesi nedeniyle Costa'n\u0131n iddias\u0131n\u0131n ge\u00e7ersiz oldu\u011fu"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57265e455951b619008f70bc",
              "question": "\u0130talyan Anayasa Mahkemesi'nin \u00f6ne s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve Bay Kosta'n\u0131n ENEL'e kar\u015f\u0131 iddias\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmesine neden olan gerek\u00e7e nedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 2230,
                  "text": "1964 ve 1968"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57265e455951b619008f70bd",
              "question": "Simmenthal SpA davas\u0131nda bir \u0130talyan yasas\u0131yla \u00e7at\u0131\u015fan iki Reg\u00fclasyonun ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u0131llar nelerdir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 124,
                  "text": "Avrupa Adalet Divan\u0131 ve en y\u00fcksek ulusal mahkemeler"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726975c708984140094cb1f",
              "question": "Hangi organlar farkl\u0131 sistemlerin yasalar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcne y\u00f6nelik ilkeler geli\u015ftirmek zorunda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 420,
                  "text": "1964"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726975c708984140094cb20",
              "question": "Costa v ENEL ne zaman ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 1067,
                  "text": "Adalet Divan\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726975c708984140094cb21",
              "question": "Hangi mahkeme Roma Antla\u015fmas\u0131'n\u0131n enerjinin millile\u015ftirilmesine engel olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ne s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Avrupa Birli\u011fi'ni kuran orijinal antla\u015fmalar\u0131n hi\u00e7biri temel haklar\u0131n korunmas\u0131ndan bahsetmez. Avrupa Birli\u011fi \u00f6nlemlerinin, yani Avrupa Birli\u011fi kurumlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen yasama ve idare eylemlerinin insan haklar\u0131na tabi olaca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir. O s\u0131rada tek endi\u015fe \u00fcye \u00fclkelerin insan haklar\u0131n\u0131 ihlal etmesinin \u00f6nlenmesiydi, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla 1950 y\u0131l\u0131nda Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi imzalanm\u0131\u015f ve Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Mahkemesi kurulmu\u015ftur. Avrupa Adalet Divan\u0131, Avrupa Birli\u011fi h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin \u00fcye \u00fclkelerin anayasalar\u0131nda teminat alt\u0131na al\u0131nan insan haklar\u0131yla uyumlu olmas\u0131 ihtiyac\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr hale geldi\u011finden Avrupa Birli\u011fi hukukunun genel bir ilkesi olarak temel haklar\u0131 tan\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1999 y\u0131l\u0131nda Avrupa Konseyi, Avrupa Birli\u011fi i\u00e7in anayasal bir temel te\u015fkil edebilecek olan ve bu \u015fekliyle Avrupa Birli\u011fi ve kurumlar\u0131nda ge\u00e7erli olacak \u015fekilde tasarlanan Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Beyannamesi'nin tasla\u011f\u0131n\u0131 haz\u0131rlamakla g\u00f6revli bir organ te\u015fkil etmi\u015ftir. Avrupa Birli\u011fi Temel Haklar Bildirgesi, Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi'nden, 1989 y\u0131l\u0131nda Avrupa Parlamentosu ve Avrupa Birli\u011fi Antla\u015fmalar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan Temel Haklar Beyannamesi'nden bir dizi temel hakk\u0131 b\u00fcnyesine alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 47,
                  "text": "hi\u00e7biri"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726a299dd62a815002e8b9e",
              "question": "AB'yi kuran orijinal antla\u015fmalardan ka\u00e7 tanesi temel haklar\u0131 korumu\u015ftur?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 277,
                  "text": "\u00fcye \u00fclkelerin"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726a299dd62a815002e8b9f",
              "question": "Hangi kurumlar aslen insan haklar\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edilmesinin \u00f6nlenmesiyle ilgilidir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 349,
                  "text": "1950"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726a299dd62a815002e8ba0",
              "question": "Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ne zaman imzalanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 408,
                  "text": "Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Mahkemesi"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726a299dd62a815002e8ba1",
              "question": "Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi'yle ayn\u0131 zamanda hangi di\u011fer kurum kurulmu\u015ftur?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 693,
                  "text": "1999"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726a299dd62a815002e8ba2",
              "question": "Avrupa Konseyi ne zaman bir kurumu bir Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Beyannamesi tasla\u011f\u0131 haz\u0131rlamakla g\u00f6revlendirmi\u015ftir?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Partisi'nin h\u00fck\u00fcmete se\u00e7ilmesi sonras\u0131nda 1997'de Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k resmen Sosyal Politika Antla\u015fmas\u0131'na kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve b\u00f6ylelikle 1997 Amsterdam Antla\u015fmas\u0131'n\u0131n Sosyal B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc'ne k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck de\u011fi\u015fikliklerle dahil edilmesine izin verilmi\u015ftir. Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k daha sonra Sosyal Politika Antla\u015fmas\u0131 dahilinde daha \u00f6nceden kabul edilen ana h\u00fck\u00fcmler olan i\u015fyerlerinde i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc isti\u015faresini zorunlu k\u0131lan 1994 \u0130\u015fyeri Konseyi Direktifi ile 1996 Ebeveyn \u0130zni Direktifi'ni kabul etmi\u015ftir. 1997 Amsterdam Antla\u015fmas\u0131'n\u0131n ve Sosyal B\u00f6l\u00fcm'\u00fcn kabul\u00fcnden sonraki 10 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde Avrupa Birli\u011fi i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc ve sanayi ili\u015fkileri, e\u015fit f\u0131rsat, sa\u011fl\u0131k ve g\u00fcvenlik, kamu sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n, engellilerin ve ya\u015fl\u0131lar\u0131n korunmas\u0131, yoksulluk, g\u00f6\u00e7men i\u015f\u00e7iler, e\u011fitim, \u00f6\u011fretim ve gen\u00e7lik gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli sosyal politika alanlar\u0131nda politika inisiyatifleri \u00fcstlenmi\u015ftir.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 0,
                  "text": "Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Partisi'nin h\u00fck\u00fcmete se\u00e7ilmesi"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726a5525951b619008f78dd",
              "question": "Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k'\u0131n Sosyal Politika antla\u015fmas\u0131na kat\u0131lmas\u0131na ne yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 64,
                  "text": "1997'de"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726a5525951b619008f78de",
              "question": "Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k Sosyal Politika Antla\u015fmas\u0131'na ne zaman resmen kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 414,
                  "text": "\u0130\u015fyeri Konseyi Direktifi"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726a5525951b619008f78df",
              "question": "Bahsedilen direktiflerden hangisi 1994 y\u0131l\u0131nda olu\u015fturulmu\u015ftur?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 443,
                  "text": "1996"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726a5525951b619008f78e0",
              "question": "Ebeveyn \u0130zni direktifi ne zaman olu\u015fturulmu\u015ftur?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 362,
                  "text": "i\u015fyerlerinde i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc isti\u015faresini"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726a5525951b619008f78e1",
              "question": "\u0130\u015fyeri Konseyi Direktifi neyi \u015fart ko\u015fmaktad\u0131r?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "title": "European_Union_law"
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "context": "Amazon ya\u011fmur orman\u0131 (Portekizce: Floresta Amaz\u00f4nica veya Amaz\u00f4nia; \u0130spanyolca: Selva Amaz\u00f3nica, Amazon\u00eda veya genellikle Amazonia; Frans\u0131zca: For\u00eat amazonienne; Hollandaca: Amazoneregenwoud) \u0130ngilizce'de ayn\u0131 zamanda Amazonia veya Amazon Jungle olarak da bilinir ve G\u00fcney Amerika'n\u0131n Amazon havzas\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funu kaplayan bir nemli geni\u015f yaprakl\u0131 orman\u0131d\u0131r. Bu havza 7.000.000 kilometre karelik alan\u0131 kaplamaktad\u0131r (2.700.000 mil kare) ve bunun 5.500.000 kilometre karesi (2.100.000 mil kare) ya\u011fmur orman\u0131yla kapl\u0131d\u0131r. Bu b\u00f6lge dokuz ulusa ait topraklar\u0131 i\u00e7ermektedir. Orman\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu ya\u011fmur orman\u0131n\u0131n %60'\u0131 ile Brezilya s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7indedir, ard\u0131ndan %13 ile Peru, %10 ile Kolombiya, ve daha az oranlarla Venezuela, Ekvador, Bolivya, Guyana, Surinam ve Frans\u0131z Guyanas\u0131 gelir. D\u00f6rt \u00fclkenin eyalet veya il isimlerinde \"Amazonas\" ge\u00e7mektedir. Amazon gezegenin mevcut ya\u011fmur ormanlar\u0131n\u0131n yar\u0131dan fazlas\u0131n\u0131 temsil etmektedir ve d\u00fcnyadaki en b\u00fcy\u00fck ve en \u00e7ok biyo\u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fe sahip tropik ya\u011fmur orman\u0131 alan\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7ermektedir ve buna 16.000 t\u00fcre ayr\u0131lan 390 milyar a\u011fa\u00e7 dahildir.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 192,
                  "text": "\u0130ngilizce'de ayn\u0131 zamanda Amazonia veya Amazon Jungle"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5725b81b271a42140099d097",
              "question": "\u0130ngilizce'de Amazon ya\u011fmur orman\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131mlamak i\u00e7in ayn\u0131 zamanda hangi ad kullan\u0131l\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 442,
                  "text": "5.500.000"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5725b81b271a42140099d098",
              "question": "Havzada ka\u00e7 kilometre karelik ya\u011fmur orman\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 526,
                  "text": "dokuz"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5725b81b271a42140099d099",
              "question": "Bu b\u00f6lgeyi toplamda ka\u00e7 \u00fclke kontrol etmektedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 772,
                  "text": "D\u00f6rt"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5725b81b271a42140099d09a",
              "question": "Ka\u00e7 \u00fclke isminde \"Amazonas\" bulunmaktad\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 836,
                  "text": "Amazon gezegenin mevcut ya\u011fmur ormanlar\u0131n\u0131n yar\u0131dan fazlas\u0131n\u0131 temsil etmektedir"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5725b81b271a42140099d09b",
              "question": "Amazon, gezegenin ya\u011fmur ormanlar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131 temsil eder?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 174,
                  "text": "Amazoneregenwoud"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5728349dff5b5019007d9efe",
              "question": "Amazon ya\u011fmur orman\u0131 i\u00e7in Hollandaca'daki kelime nedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 0,
                  "text": "Amazon ya\u011fmur orman\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5728349dff5b5019007d9eff",
              "question": "G\u00fcney Amerika'da Amazon havzas\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 hangi ya\u011fmur orman\u0131 kaplamaktad\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 607,
                  "text": "Brezilya"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5728349dff5b5019007d9f00",
              "question": "Amazon ya\u011fmur orman\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu hangi \u00fclkede bulunmaktad\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 880,
                  "text": "yar\u0131dan fazlas\u0131n\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5728349dff5b5019007d9f01",
              "question": "Amazon ya\u011fmur orman\u0131 D\u00fcnyan\u0131n ya\u011fmur ormanlar\u0131n\u0131n ne kadar\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fkil etmektedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 1020,
                  "text": "16.000"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5728349dff5b5019007d9f02",
              "question": "Amazon ya\u011fmur orman\u0131nda ka\u00e7 t\u00fcr a\u011fa\u00e7 bulunmaktad\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 323,
                  "text": "nemli geni\u015f yaprakl\u0131 orman\u0131d\u0131r"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5729e2316aef0514001550c4",
              "question": "Amazon ya\u011fmur orman\u0131 ne t\u00fcr bir ormand\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 364,
                  "text": "7.000.000 kilometre karelik alan\u0131 kaplamaktad\u0131r (2.70"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5729e2316aef0514001550c5",
              "question": "Amazon Havzas\u0131 ka\u00e7 kilometre karedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 526,
                  "text": "dokuz"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5729e2316aef0514001550c6",
              "question": "Amazon Havzas\u0131'nda ka\u00e7 \u00fclke bulunmaktad\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 607,
                  "text": "Brezilya"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5729e2316aef0514001550c7",
              "question": "Hangi \u00fclke amazon orman\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funu i\u00e7ermektedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 1020,
                  "text": "16.000"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5729e2316aef0514001550c8",
              "question": "Amazon tropik ya\u011fmur orman\u0131ndaki a\u011fa\u00e7 t\u00fcrlerinin miktar\u0131na dair tahmini say\u0131 nedir?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "1991 ve 2000 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Amazon'da kaybedilen toplam orman alan\u0131 415.000'den 587.000 kilometre kareye \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (160.000'den 227.000 mil kareye) ve kaybolan orman\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu s\u0131\u011f\u0131r otla\u011f\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Amazon'da daha \u00f6nce orman olan topra\u011f\u0131n y\u00fczde yetmi\u015fi ve 1970'den beri orman niteli\u011fini kaybeden topraklar\u0131n %91'i hayvan otla\u011f\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u015eu anda Brezilya, Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri'nden sonra d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ikinci b\u00fcy\u00fck soya fasulyesi \u00fcreticisidir. Ancak Leydimere Oiveira vd. taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan yeni ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara g\u00f6re Amazon'da ya\u011fmur orman\u0131 kesildik\u00e7e b\u00f6lgeye daha az ya\u011f\u0131\u015f d\u00fc\u015fmekte ve hektar ba\u015f\u0131na al\u0131nan hasat azalmaktad\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla genel alg\u0131n\u0131n aksine Brezilya'n\u0131n ya\u011fmur orman\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerinin kesilmesinden ve bunlar\u0131n meraya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesinden ekonomik avantaj\u0131 olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 70,
                  "text": "415.000'den"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5729feaf6aef051400155188",
              "question": "1991 itibariyle Amazon orman\u0131n\u0131n ka\u00e7 kilometre karesi kaybolmu\u015ftur?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 82,
                  "text": "587.000"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5729feaf6aef051400155189",
              "question": "2000 y\u0131l\u0131nda Amazon orman\u0131n\u0131n ka\u00e7 kilometre karesi kaybolmu\u015ftur?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 175,
                  "text": "s\u0131\u011f\u0131r otla\u011f\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5729feaf6aef05140015518a",
              "question": "Amazon b\u00f6lgesinde a\u00e7\u0131lan alan\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu ne olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 418,
                  "text": "ikinci b\u00fcy\u00fck soya fasulyesi \u00fcreticisidir"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5729feaf6aef05140015518b",
              "question": "Brezilya soya fasulyesi \u00fcretiminde k\u00fcresel bazda hangi s\u0131radad\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 307,
                  "text": "%91'i"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5729feaf6aef05140015518c",
              "question": "Amazon'da a\u00e7\u0131lan arazinin y\u00fczde ka\u00e7\u0131 canl\u0131 hayvan yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fi i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Soya \u00e7ift\u00e7ilerinin ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131, \u015fu anda Amazon'da geli\u015ftirilmekte olan bir\u00e7ok tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 ula\u015f\u0131m projesini gerek\u00e7elendirmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130lk iki otoban ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bi\u00e7imde ya\u011fmur orman\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve daha fazla yerle\u015fime ve orman kayb\u0131na sebep olmu\u015ftur. 2000 ile 2005 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ortalama y\u0131ll\u0131k orman kayb\u0131 oran\u0131 (y\u0131ll\u0131k 22,392 km2 veya 8,646 mil kare), \u00f6nceki be\u015f y\u0131la k\u0131yasla %18 daha y\u00fcksektir (y\u0131ll\u0131k 19,018 km2 veya 7,343 mil kare). Orman kayb\u0131 2004 ve 2014 y\u0131llar\u0131 arars\u0131nda Brezilya Amazonu'nda \u00f6nemli bi\u00e7imde azalsa da g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar bir art\u0131\u015f olmu\u015ftur.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 0,
                  "text": "Soya"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572a005f1d046914007796b7",
              "question": "Amazon ya\u011fmur orman\u0131nda in\u015fa edilen otobanlar \u00f6ncelikli olarak hangi t\u00fcr \u00e7ift\u00e7iler i\u00e7in yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 204,
                  "text": "daha fazla yerle\u015fime ve orman kayb\u0131na"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572a005f1d046914007796b8",
              "question": "Amazon ya\u011fmur orman\u0131nda otobanlar\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131 neye yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 347,
                  "text": "8,646 mil kare"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572a005f1d046914007796b9",
              "question": "2000 ile 2005 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda orman kayb\u0131 oran\u0131 y\u0131ll\u0131k ka\u00e7 mil karedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 512,
                  "text": "\u00f6nemli bi\u00e7imde azalsa da"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572a005f1d046914007796bb",
              "question": "2004 ile 2014 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Brezilya'n\u0131n Amazon b\u00f6lgesindeki orman kayb\u0131 oran\u0131na ne olmu\u015ftur?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 388,
                  "text": "%18"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572a005f1d046914007796ba",
              "question": "2000 ile 2005 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki orman kayb\u0131 oran\u0131 1995 ile 2000 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131ndakine k\u0131yasla ne kadar y\u00fcksektir?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "\u00c7evreciler hem orman\u0131n yok edilmesinin yol a\u00e7aca\u011f\u0131 biyo\u00e7e\u015fitlilik kayb\u0131ndan hem de k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nmay\u0131 h\u0131zland\u0131rabilecek olan bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc i\u00e7inde yer alan karbonun sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131ndan endi\u015fe duymaktad\u0131rlar. Amazon yaprak d\u00f6kmeyen ormanlar\u0131 d\u00fcnyan\u0131n karasal birincil \u00fcretkenli\u011fine ve ekosistemlerdeki karbon sto\u011funun %10'una sahiptir - bu da 1,1 \u00d7 1011 metrik ton karbon etmektedir. Amazon ormanlar\u0131n\u0131n 1975 ile 1996 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda y\u0131lda hektar ba\u015f\u0131na 0,62 \u00b1 0,37 ton karbon biriktirdi\u011fi tahmin edilmektedir.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 51,
                  "text": "biyo\u00e7e\u015fitlilik"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572a020f6aef051400155198",
              "question": "\u00c7evreciler Amazon orman\u0131nda neyi kaybetmekten endi\u015fe duymaktad\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 15,
                  "text": "orman\u0131n yok edilmesinin"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572a020f6aef051400155199",
              "question": "\u00c7evrecilere g\u00f6re biyo\u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fin kayb\u0131 neyin sonucu olabilir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 123,
                  "text": "bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc i\u00e7inde yer alan karbonun"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572a020f6aef05140015519a",
              "question": "\u00c7evreciler Amazon b\u00f6lgesinde neyin sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131ndan endi\u015fe duymaktad\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 306,
                  "text": "%10'una"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572a020f6aef05140015519b",
              "question": "D\u00fcnyan\u0131n karbonunun ne kadar\u0131 Amazon orman\u0131nda depolanmaktad\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 331,
                  "text": "1,1 \u00d7 1011"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572a020f6aef05140015519c",
              "question": "Amazon orman\u0131nda ka\u00e7 metrik ton karbonun depolanm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu tahmin edilmektedir?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "2010 y\u0131l\u0131nda Amazon ya\u011fmur orman\u0131 ba\u015fka bir ciddi kurakl\u0131k ya\u015fad\u0131 ve bu baz\u0131 y\u00f6nleriyle 2005 kurakl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan daha da a\u015f\u0131r\u0131yd\u0131. Etkilenen b\u00f6lge ya\u011fmur orman\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k 1.160.000 mil karesiydi (3.000.000 km2) ve bu say\u0131 2005'te 734.000 mil kareydi (1.900.000 km2). 2010 kurakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fc\u00e7 merkez \u00fcss\u00fc vard\u0131, 2005'te ise kurakl\u0131k g\u00fcneybat\u0131 k\u0131sma odakl\u0131yd\u0131. Bulgular Science dergisinde yay\u0131nland\u0131. Tipik bir y\u0131lda Amazon 1,5 gigaton karbondioksit emmektedir; 2005'te ise 5 gigaton sal\u0131nd\u0131 ve 2010'da 8 gigaton sal\u0131nd\u0131.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 0,
                  "text": "2010"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572a0bebaf94a219006aa76f",
              "question": "Hangi y\u0131lda Amazon 2005'tekinden daha a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 olabilecek bir kurakl\u0131k ya\u015fad\u0131?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 167,
                  "text": "1.160.000"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572a0bebaf94a219006aa770",
              "question": "2010 kurakl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan etkilenen b\u00f6lge ka\u00e7 mil kare geni\u015fli\u011findeydi?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 304,
                  "text": "\u00fc\u00e7 merkez \u00fcss\u00fc"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572a0bebaf94a219006aa771",
              "question": "2010 kurakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ka\u00e7 b\u00f6lge bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden etkilenmi\u015ftir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 326,
                  "text": "2005'te"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572a0bebaf94a219006aa772",
              "question": "Hangi y\u0131ldaki kurakl\u0131kta Amazon orman\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zellikle g\u00fcney k\u0131sm\u0131 etkilenmi\u015ftir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 437,
                  "text": "1,5 gigaton"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572a0bebaf94a219006aa773",
              "question": "Amazon'da tipik bir y\u0131lda ka\u00e7 ton karbon emilir?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "title": "Amazon_rainforest"
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "context": "Neredeyse t\u00fcm tarakl\u0131lar avc\u0131d\u0131r, mikroskobik larvalar ve rotatorlardan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kabuklular\u0131n yeti\u015fkinlerine kadar \u00e7e\u015fitli canl\u0131lar\u0131 avlarlar; istisnalar ise t\u00fcrlerinin yeti\u015fkinlerinin beslendi\u011fi salplarda parazit olarak ya\u015fayan iki t\u00fcr\u00fcn yavrular\u0131d\u0131r. Elveri\u015fli ko\u015fullarda tarakl\u0131lar kendi a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n on kat\u0131n\u0131 bir g\u00fcnde yiyebilirler. Yaln\u0131zca 100-150 t\u00fcr teyit edilmi\u015ftir ve muhtemelen 25 tanesi tam olarak tan\u0131mlanmam\u0131\u015f ve isimlendirilmemi\u015ftir. Tipik \u00f6rnekleri yumurta bi\u00e7imli v\u00fccutlar\u0131 ve avlar\u0131n\u0131 yakalayan yap\u0131\u015fkan h\u00fccreler olan koloblastlarla kapl\u0131 olan tentillalarla (k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck dokuna\u00e7lar) \u00e7evrili bir \u00e7ift geri \u00e7ekilebilir dokuna\u00e7lar\u0131 olan sidippidlerdir. Bu soyun \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli v\u00fccut bi\u00e7imleri vard\u0131r ve buna \u00e7o\u011fu t\u00fcr\u00fcn yeti\u015fkininin taraks\u0131z oldu\u011fu d\u00fczle\u015fmi\u015f derin deniz platisenidleri ve dokuna\u00e7lar\u0131 olmayan ve di\u015f g\u00f6revi g\u00f6ren b\u00fcy\u00fck ve sert siliya\u00a0gruplar\u0131na sahip devasa a\u011f\u0131zlar\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak di\u011fer tarakl\u0131lar\u0131 avlayan k\u0131y\u0131 beroidleri dahildir. Bu varyasyonlar farkl\u0131 t\u00fcrlerin ayn\u0131 b\u00f6lgede \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck pop\u00fclasyonlara ula\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131lar \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00f6r\u00fcmceklerin kulland\u0131klar\u0131 kadar \u00e7e\u015fitli y\u00f6ntemlerle avlad\u0131klar\u0131 farkl\u0131 av t\u00fcrlerinde uzmanla\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 282,
                  "text": "kendi a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n on kat\u0131n\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5725bae289a1e219009abd90",
              "question": "Tarakl\u0131lar g\u00fcnde ne kadar yiyebilir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 346,
                  "text": "100-150"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5725bae289a1e219009abd91",
              "question": "Tarakl\u0131lar\u0131n teyit edilen ka\u00e7 t\u00fcr\u00fc vard\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 389,
                  "text": "25"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5725bae289a1e219009abd92",
              "question": "Tarakl\u0131lar\u0131n ka\u00e7 t\u00fcr\u00fc tamamen tan\u0131mlanamam\u0131\u015f veya isimlendirilememi\u015ftir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 346,
                  "text": "100-150"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5725c337271a42140099d163",
              "question": "Tarakl\u0131lar\u0131n ka\u00e7 t\u00fcr\u00fc teyit edilmi\u015ftir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 562,
                  "text": "tentillalarla"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5725c337271a42140099d164",
              "question": "Sidippidlerin sahip oldu\u011fu k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck dokuna\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131 nedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 282,
                  "text": "kendi a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n on kat\u0131n\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5725c337271a42140099d165",
              "question": "Tarakl\u0131lar g\u00fcnde ne kadar yiyecek yiyebilir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 794,
                  "text": "dokuna\u00e7lar\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5725c337271a42140099d166",
              "question": "K\u0131y\u0131 beroidleri di\u011fer tarakl\u0131lar\u0131n sahip oldu\u011fu hangi \u00f6zelli\u011fe sahip de\u011fildir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 843,
                  "text": "sert siliya"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5725c337271a42140099d167",
              "question": "K\u0131y\u0131 beroidleri di\u015f olarak ne kullan\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 282,
                  "text": "kendi a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n on kat\u0131n\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726400589a1e219009ac5ee",
              "question": "Tarakl\u0131lar g\u00fcnde ne kadar yiyebilir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 562,
                  "text": "tentillalarla"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726400589a1e219009ac5ef",
              "question": "Sidippidlerin k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck dokuna\u00e7lar\u0131na ne ad verilir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 843,
                  "text": "sert siliya"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726400589a1e219009ac5f0",
              "question": "Beriodlar di\u015f olarak ne kullan\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 536,
                  "text": "koloblastlarla"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726400589a1e219009ac5f1",
              "question": "Sidippidler avlar\u0131n\u0131 yakalamak i\u00e7in ne kullan\u0131rlar?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 346,
                  "text": "100-150 t\u00fcr"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726400589a1e219009ac5f2",
              "question": "Ka\u00e7 farkl\u0131 tarakl\u0131 t\u00fcr\u00fc vard\u0131r?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Yumu\u015fak, jelatinimsi bedenlerine ra\u011fmen, yakla\u015f\u0131k 515 milyon y\u0131l \u00f6nceki erken Kambriyen d\u00f6neminden dokuna\u00e7lar\u0131 olmayan ama modern formlara k\u0131yasla \u00e7ok daha fazla tarak dizisine sahip olan tarakl\u0131lar\u0131 temsil etti\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen fosiller Lagerst\u00e4ttelerde bulunmu\u015ftur. Tarakl\u0131lar\u0131n hayvanlar\u0131n evrim aile a\u011fac\u0131ndaki konumlar\u0131 uzun s\u00fcredir tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r ve molek\u00fcler filogeneti\u011fe dayanan \u015fu anki \u00e7o\u011funluk g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne g\u00f6re knidliler ve bilaterialar birbirine, herhangi birinin tarakl\u0131lara oldu\u011fundan daha yak\u0131nd\u0131r. Yak\u0131n bir molek\u00fcler filogenetik analizi, t\u00fcm modern tarakl\u0131lar\u0131n ortak atas\u0131n\u0131n sidippid benzeri oldu\u011fu ve t\u00fcm modern gruplar\u0131n nispeten yak\u0131n zamanda, muhtemelen 66 milyon y\u0131l \u00f6nceki Kretase-Tersiyer yok olu\u015fu olay\u0131ndan sonra ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1980'lerden beri toplanan bulgular, \"sidippidlerin\" monofiletik olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle tek bir ortak atan\u0131n t\u00fcm ve tek neslini i\u00e7ermedi\u011fini, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc t\u00fcm di\u011fer geleneksel tarakl\u0131 gruplar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli sidippidlerin soyundan geldi\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 670,
                  "text": "66 milyon y\u0131l \u00f6nceki"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5725c91e38643c19005acceb",
              "question": "Kretase-Tersiyer yok olu\u015fu ne zaman ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 822,
                  "text": "monofiletik"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5725c91e38643c19005accec",
              "question": "Bulgulara g\u00f6re sidippidler ne de\u011fildir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 50,
                  "text": "515 milyon y\u0131l"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5725c91e38643c19005acced",
              "question": "Tarakl\u0131lar\u0131 temsil eden fosiller ne kadar eskidir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 99,
                  "text": "dokuna\u00e7lar\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5725c91e38643c19005accee",
              "question": "Tarakl\u0131lar\u0131 temsil eden fosillerde mevcut tarakl\u0131larda olan hangi unsur yoktur?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 50,
                  "text": "515 milyon y\u0131l"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726449f1125e71900ae1928",
              "question": "Tarakl\u0131 oldu\u011funa inan\u0131lan fosiller ne kadar eskidir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 691,
                  "text": "Kretase-Tersiyer yok olu\u015fu"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726449f1125e71900ae1929",
              "question": "66 milyon y\u0131l \u00f6nce hangi olay ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 822,
                  "text": "monofiletik"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726449f1125e71900ae192a",
              "question": "Sidippidler ne de\u011fildir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 99,
                  "text": "dokuna\u00e7lar\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726449f1125e71900ae192b",
              "question": "Mevcut tarakl\u0131larda bulunan fosillerde olmayan ne vard\u0131r?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "1 milimetreden (0,039 in) 1,5 metreye (4,9 ft) kadar de\u011fi\u015fen boyutlar\u0131yla tarakl\u0131lar, ana hareket y\u00f6ntemi olarak siliya (\"k\u0131l\") kullanan en b\u00fcy\u00fck kolonyal olmayan hayvanlard\u0131r. \u00c7o\u011fu t\u00fcr\u00fcn tarak dizisi denen ve v\u00fccutlar\u0131 boyunca devam eden, ktene ad\u0131 verilen taraks\u0131 siliya gruplar\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan sekiz dizisi vard\u0131r ve b\u00f6ylece siliya vurdu\u011funda her bir tarak alttaki tara\u011fa dokunur. \"Ktenofor\", Yunanca'da \"tarak\" anlam\u0131na gelen \u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 (k\u00f6k bi\u00e7imi \u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03bd-) ile \"ta\u015f\u0131yan\" anlam\u0131na gelen Yunanca son ek -\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2'tan gelir ve \"tarak ta\u015f\u0131yan\" anlam\u0131na gelir.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 113,
                  "text": "siliya"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572648e8dd62a815002e8076",
              "question": "Tarakl\u0131lar\u0131n k\u0131llar\u0131na ne denir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 90,
                  "text": "hareket y\u00f6ntemi"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572648e8dd62a815002e8077",
              "question": "Siliya ne i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 240,
                  "text": "ktene"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572648e8dd62a815002e8078",
              "question": "Taraks\u0131 siliya gruplar\u0131na ne ad verilir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 513,
                  "text": "tarak ta\u015f\u0131yan"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572648e8dd62a815002e8079",
              "question": "Ktenofor Yunanca'da ne anlama gelir?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Yumu\u015fak, jelatinsi bedenleri nedeniyle tarakl\u0131lar fosil olarak \u00e7ok nadirdir ve tarakl\u0131 olarak yorumlanan fosiller yaln\u0131zca Lagerst\u00e4ttelerde, yani \u00e7evre ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n yumu\u015fak dokunun korunmas\u0131na \u00e7ok uygun oldu\u011fu yerlerde bulunmu\u015ftur. 1990'lar\u0131n ortalar\u0131na kadar analiz i\u00e7in yeterince iyi olan yaln\u0131zca iki numune biliniyordu ve bunlar\u0131n ikisi de erken Devonyen (Emsiyen) d\u00f6nemden ta\u00e7 grubunun \u00fcyeleriydi. Burgess \u015ealesi'nde ve benzer ya\u015ftaki di\u011fer Kanada kayal\u0131klar\u0131nda 505 milyon y\u0131l \u00f6nceki orta Kambriyen d\u00f6neminden \u00fc\u00e7 kabul edilen numune daha bulunmu\u015ftur. G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fe g\u00f6re \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnde de dokuna\u00e7 yoktur ancak 24 ila 80 ile ya\u015fayan t\u00fcrlerdeki 8 tarak dizisinden \u00e7ok daha fazlas\u0131na sahiptirler. Ayn\u0131 zamanda ya\u015fayan tarakl\u0131larda bulunanlardan \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 i\u00e7 organ benzeri yap\u0131lara sahip olduklar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. \u0130lk olarak 1996'da rapor edilen ilk fosil t\u00fcrlerinden birinin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir di\u015fi vard\u0131r ve g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fe g\u00f6re kasl\u0131 olabilecek katl\u0131 bir kenarla \u00e7evrilmi\u015ftir. Bir y\u0131l sonra \u00c7in'den gelen bulgular bu t\u00fcr tarakl\u0131lar\u0131n Kambriyen d\u00f6neminde yayg\u0131n oldu\u011funu \u00f6ne s\u00fcrmektedir ancak bunlar modern t\u00fcrlerden \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 olabilir - \u00f6rne\u011fin fosillerden birinin tarak dizileri belirgin kanat\u00e7\u0131klarda bulunmaktad\u0131r. Edikara Eoandromedas\u0131 tahminen bir ktenoforu temsil edebilir.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 0,
                  "text": "Yumu\u015fak, jelatinsi bedenleri"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57268da7f1498d1400e8e39c",
              "question": "Tarakl\u0131lar neden fosil olarak \u00e7ok nadir bulunmaktad\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 1229,
                  "text": "ktenoforu"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57268da7f1498d1400e8e39d",
              "question": "Edikara eoandromedas\u0131n\u0131n neyi temsil etti\u011fi say\u0131labilir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 490,
                  "text": "orta Kambriyen d\u00f6neminden"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57268da7f1498d1400e8e39e",
              "question": "505 milyon y\u0131l \u00f6nceki d\u00f6neme ne ad verilmi\u015ftir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 516,
                  "text": "\u00fc\u00e7"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57268da7f1498d1400e8e39f",
              "question": "Burgess \u015ealesi'nde ka\u00e7 t\u00fcr bulunmu\u015ftur?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 581,
                  "text": "dokuna\u00e7"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57268da7f1498d1400e8e3a0",
              "question": "Burgess \u015ealesi'nde bulunan fosillerde ne yoktur?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Tarakl\u0131lar\u0131n Metazoa'n\u0131n geri kalan\u0131yla ili\u015fkisi, hayvanlar\u0131n erken evrimi ve \u00e7ok h\u00fccrelili\u011fin k\u00f6kenini anlamam\u0131z a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. Tarakl\u0131lar\u0131n Bilateria ile karde\u015f soydan oldu\u011fu, Knidaria ile karde\u015f oldu\u011fu, Knidaria, Plakozoa ve Bilateria ile karde\u015f oldu\u011fu ve t\u00fcm di\u011fer hayvan filumlar\u0131yla karde\u015f oldu\u011fu \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Gen ailelerinin \u00fcyelerinin ve sinyal iletim yollar\u0131n\u0131n (homeo kutular, n\u00fckleer resept\u00f6rler, Wnt sinyal yolu ve sodyum kanallar\u0131 gibi) varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve yoklu\u011funa bakan bir dizi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, son iki senaryoya, yani tarakl\u0131lar\u0131n Knidaria, Plakozoa ve Bilateria ile karde\u015f oldu\u011fu ya da t\u00fcm di\u011fer hayvan filumlar\u0131yla karde\u015f oldu\u011fu senaryolar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik bulgular ortaya koymu\u015ftur. Tarakl\u0131lar\u0131n tam s\u0131ral\u0131 genomlar\u0131n\u0131 di\u011fer s\u0131ral\u0131 hayvan genomlar\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131ran bir dizi daha yeni \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma da tarakl\u0131lar\u0131n t\u00fcm di\u011fer hayvanlarla karde\u015f soydan geldiklerini desteklemi\u015ftir. Bu pozisyon, n\u00f6ral ve kas h\u00fccre t\u00fcrlerinin ya b\u00fcy\u00fck hayvan soylar\u0131nda (Porifera gibi) kayboldu\u011funu, ya da tarakl\u0131 soyunda ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak evrimle\u015fti\u011fini \u00f6ne s\u00fcrmektedir. Ancak di\u011fer ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar tarakl\u0131lar\u0131n t\u00fcm di\u011fer hayvanlara karde\u015f olarak yerle\u015ftirilmesinin tarakl\u0131 genomlar\u0131ndaki y\u00fcksek evrim oran\u0131n\u0131n yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 istatistiksel bir anomali oldu\u011funu ve onlar yerine Porifera'n\u0131n (s\u00fcngerler) en erken ayr\u0131lan hayvan filumu oldu\u011funu savunmu\u015flard\u0131r. Tarakl\u0131lar ve s\u00fcngerler ayn\u0131 zamanda ger\u00e7ek HOX genine sahip olmayan tek hayvan filumlar\u0131d\u0131r.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 152,
                  "text": "Bilateria"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57269016708984140094ca41",
              "question": "Son \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara g\u00f6re tarakl\u0131lar neyle karde\u015f soya sahiptir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 1259,
                  "text": "Porifera'n\u0131n"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57269016708984140094ca42",
              "question": "Baz\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lara g\u00f6re en erken ayr\u0131\u015fan hayvan filumu hangisidir?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "title": "Ctenophora"
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "context": "Fresno'nun Bat\u0131 Yakas\u0131, ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle G\u00fcneybat\u0131 Fresno, \u015fehirdeki en eski mahallelerden biridir. Mahalle, (onu Fresno Merkezi'nden ay\u0131ran) 99 otoban\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcneybat\u0131s\u0131nda, 41 otoban\u0131n\u0131n bat\u0131s\u0131nda ve Nielsen Bulvar\u0131'n\u0131n (ya da yeni in\u015fa edilen 180 otoban\u0131n\u0131n) g\u00fcneyinde yer al\u0131r ve bat\u0131 ve g\u00fcneye do\u011fru \u015fehir s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131na kadar devam eder. Mahalle, geleneksel olarak Fresno'nun Afrikal\u0131-Amerikal\u0131 toplulu\u011funun merkezi kabul edilir. K\u00fclt\u00fcrel olarak \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fe sahiptir ve ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00f6nemli oranda Meksikal\u0131-Amerikal\u0131 ve Asyal\u0131-Amerikal\u0131 (\u00f6ncelikli olarak Hmong veya Laoslu) n\u00fcfusuna da sahiptir.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 42,
                  "text": "G\u00fcneybat\u0131 Fresno"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5725edfe38643c19005ace9f",
              "question": "Fresno'nun bat\u0131 yakas\u0131n\u0131n di\u011fer ad\u0131 nedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 157,
                  "text": "g\u00fcneybat\u0131s\u0131nda"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5725edfe38643c19005acea0",
              "question": "Fresno'nun bat\u0131 yakas\u0131 mahallesi 99 otoban\u0131n\u0131n hangi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde yer almaktad\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 377,
                  "text": "Afrikal\u0131-Amerikal\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5725edfe38643c19005acea1",
              "question": "Fresno'nun bat\u0131 yakas\u0131 hangi etnik toplulu\u011fun merkezidir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 556,
                  "text": "Hmong veya Laoslu"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5725edfe38643c19005acea2",
              "question": "Fresno'nun bat\u0131 yakas\u0131 mahallesinde ya\u015fayan iki \u00f6ncelikli Asyal\u0131-Amerikal\u0131 grup nelerdir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 11,
                  "text": "Bat\u0131 Yakas\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5725edfe38643c19005acea3",
              "question": "41 otoban\u0131n\u0131n bat\u0131s\u0131nda hangi mahalle bulunmaktad\u0131r?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Mahallede, ad\u0131n\u0131 20. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f giri\u015fimci ve milyoner M. Theo Kearney'den alan ve G\u00fcneybat\u0131 Fresno'daki Fresno Caddesi'nden 20 mil (32 km) boyunca bat\u0131ya, Kerman, Kaliforniya'ya do\u011fru uzanan Kearney Bulvar\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r. B\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck, iki \u015feritli k\u0131rsal bir yol olan Kearney Bulvar\u0131'nda uzun palmiye a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131 dizilidir. Kearney Bulvar\u0131'n\u0131n Fresno Caddesi ile Thorne Bulvar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki yakla\u015f\u0131k yar\u0131m millik b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc bir zamanlar Fresno'nun elit Afrikal\u0131-Amerikal\u0131 ailelerinin tercih etti\u011fi mahalleydi. Jensen'\u0131n g\u00fcneyinde ve Elm'in bat\u0131s\u0131nda, Bat\u0131 Yakas\u0131'n\u0131n g\u00fcney kenar\u0131ndaki ba\u015fka bir kesim olan Brookhaven'a ad\u0131 Fresno Kent Konseyi taraf\u0131ndan mahallenin imaj\u0131n\u0131n yenilenmesi \u00e7abas\u0131 sonucu verilmi\u015ftir. Bu izole b\u00f6lge y\u0131llar boyunca yerel bir \u00e7eteye referansla \"Dogg Pound\" olarak bilinmekteydi ve 2008'de dahi y\u00fcksek \u015fiddet i\u00e7erikli su\u00e7 oranlar\u0131na sahipti.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 60,
                  "text": "M. Theo Kearney'den"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5725f00938643c19005aced7",
              "question": "Kearney Bulvar\u0131 ad\u0131n\u0131 kimden alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 303,
                  "text": "uzun palmiye a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5725f00938643c19005aced8",
              "question": "Kearney Bulvar\u0131'nda hangi t\u00fcr a\u011fa\u00e7lar dizilidir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 356,
                  "text": "Fresno Caddesi ile Thorne Bulvar\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5725f00938643c19005aced9",
              "question": "Kearney Bulvar\u0131 boyunca hangi iki cadde aras\u0131nda bir zamanlar zengin Afrikal\u0131-Amerikal\u0131lar ya\u015f\u0131yordu?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 612,
                  "text": "Brookhaven'a"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5725f00938643c19005aceda",
              "question": "B\u00f6lgenin imaj\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirme \u00e7abas\u0131yla Kearney Bulvar\u0131n\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131na verilen isim neydi?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 719,
                  "text": "Bu izole b\u00f6lge"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5725f00938643c19005acedb",
              "question": "Brookhaven'\u0131n hangi b\u00f6lgesi halen y\u00fcksek su\u00e7 oranlar\u0131yla bilinmektedir?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Toplamda 158.349 hane bulunmaktad\u0131r, bunlar\u0131n 68.511'inde (%43,3) 18 ya\u015f\u0131n alt\u0131nda \u00e7ocuklar ya\u015famaktad\u0131r, 69.284'\u00fc (%43,8) birlikte ya\u015fayan kar\u015f\u0131 cinsten evli \u00e7iftlerdir, 30.547'si (%19,3) kocan\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kad\u0131n aile reisidir, 11.698'i (%7,4) e\u015fin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 erkek aile reisidir. 12.843 (%8,1) evli olmayan kar\u015f\u0131 cins \u00e7ift ve 1.388 (%0,9) ayn\u0131 cins evli \u00e7ift veya evli olmayan \u00e7ift vard\u0131r. 35.064 hane (%22,1) bireylerden olu\u015fmakta ve 12.344'\u00fcnde (%7,8) yaln\u0131z ya\u015fayan 65 ya\u015f ve \u00fcst\u00fc birey bulunmaktad\u0131r. Ortalama hane boyutu 3,07'dir. 111.529 aile vard\u0131r (t\u00fcm hanelerin %70,4'\u00fc); ortalama aile boyutu 3,62'dir.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 46,
                  "text": "68.511'inde"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b1",
              "question": "Ka\u00e7 hanede ya\u015fayan 18 ya\u015f alt\u0131 \u00e7ocuklar bulunmaktad\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 182,
                  "text": "%19,3"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b2",
              "question": "Kocan\u0131n bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kad\u0131n aile reislerinin y\u00fczdesi ka\u00e7t\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 324,
                  "text": "1.388"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b3",
              "question": "Ka\u00e7 ayn\u0131 cins evli ya da evli olmayan \u00e7ift vard\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 600,
                  "text": "3,62'dir"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b4",
              "question": "Ortalama aile b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ka\u00e7t\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 524,
                  "text": "3,07'dir"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b5",
              "question": "Ortalama hane b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ka\u00e7t\u0131r?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Fresno'ya Kaliforniya Orta Vadisi'nin b\u00fcy\u00fck n\u00fcfus merkezlerini birle\u015ftiren ana kuzey/g\u00fcney otoban\u0131 olan Devlet Karayolu 99 hizmet etmektedir. Devlet Karayolu 168, Sierra Otoban\u0131 Clovis \u015fehrine ve Huntington G\u00f6l\u00fc'ne do\u011fru do\u011fuya gider. Devlet Karayolu 41 (Yosemite Otoban\u0131/Eisenhower Otoban\u0131) Fresno'ya g\u00fcneydeki Atascadero'dan girer ve kuzeydeki Yosemite'a do\u011fru gider. Devlet Karayolu 180 (Kings Canyon Otoban\u0131) bat\u0131dan Mendota \u00fczerinden ve do\u011fudan Kings Canyon Ulusal Park\u0131'ndan gelir ve Reedley \u015fehrine do\u011fru gider.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 104,
                  "text": "Devlet Karayolu 99"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5725fcbe271a42140099d3ad",
              "question": "Fresno'yu Kaliforniya Orta Vadisi'ne hangi yol ba\u011flar?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 163,
                  "text": "Sierra Otoban\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5725fcbe271a42140099d3ae",
              "question": "Devlet Karayolu 168'in ba\u015fka bir ad\u0131 nedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 235,
                  "text": "Devlet Karayolu 41"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5725fcbe271a42140099d3af",
              "question": "Yosemite Otoban\u0131'n\u0131n ba\u015fka bir ad\u0131 nedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 413,
                  "text": "bat\u0131dan"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5725fcbe271a42140099d3b0",
              "question": "Devlet Karayolu 180 Mendota \u00fczerinden hangi y\u00f6nden gelir?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Fresno do\u011frudan bir eyaletleraras\u0131 otobana ba\u011flanmayan en b\u00fcy\u00fck ABD \u015fehridir. Eyaletleraras\u0131 Otoban Sistemi 1950'lerde olu\u015fturuldu\u011funda bug\u00fcn Devletleraras\u0131 5 olan yolun Orta Vadi'nin bat\u0131 taraf\u0131nda yap\u0131lmas\u0131na, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bug\u00fcn Devlet Karayolu 99 olarak bilinen yolun g\u00fcncellenmesi yerine b\u00f6lgedeki bir\u00e7ok n\u00fcfus merkezine u\u011framamas\u0131na karar verilmi\u015ftir. DK 99 boyunca h\u0131zla y\u00fckselen n\u00fcfus ve trafik nedeniyle ve ayn\u0131 zamanda Federal \u00f6dene\u011fin tercih edilebilirli\u011fi nedeniyle bu yolu eyaletleraras\u0131 standartlara y\u00fckseltmek ve sonunda muhtemelen Eyaletleraras\u0131 9 olarak eyaletleraras\u0131 sisteme entegre etmek ama\u00e7l\u0131 \u00e7ok tart\u0131\u015fma yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sinyalizasyon, \u015ferit geni\u015fli\u011fi, b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f yol, d\u00fc\u015fey a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k ve di\u011fer konularla ilgili b\u00fcy\u00fck geli\u015ftirmeler \u015fu anda devam etmektedir.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 0,
                  "text": "Fresno"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5725fe63ec44d21400f3d7dd",
              "question": "Bir eyaletleraras\u0131 otobana ba\u011fl\u0131 olmayan en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehir hangisidir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 108,
                  "text": "1950'lerde"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5725fe63ec44d21400f3d7de",
              "question": "Eyaletleraras\u0131 Otoban Sistemi hangi y\u0131l olu\u015fturulmu\u015ftur?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 230,
                  "text": "Devlet Karayolu 99"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5725fe63ec44d21400f3d7df",
              "question": "Hangi Devlet Karayolu'nun eyaletleraras\u0131 standartlara y\u00fckseltilmesi tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 356,
                  "text": "DK 99 boyunca h\u0131zla y\u00fckselen n\u00fcfus ve trafik nedeniyle ve ayn\u0131 zamanda Federal \u00f6dene\u011fin tercih edilebilirli\u011fi nedeniyle"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5725fe63ec44d21400f3d7e0",
              "question": "DK 99'un eyaletleraras\u0131 standartlara y\u00fckseltilme arzusuna katk\u0131da bulunan fakt\u00f6rler nelerdir?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "title": "Fresno,_California"
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "context": "Ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131z modda her bir pakette tam adresleme bilgisi bulunmaktad\u0131r. Paketler bireysel olarak sevk edilir ve bu bazen farkl\u0131 yollara ve d\u00fczensiz teslime yol a\u00e7maktad\u0131r. Her bir paket bir hedef adresi, kaynak adresi ve port numaras\u0131yla etiketlenir. Ayn\u0131 zamanda paketin s\u0131ra numaras\u0131yla da etiketlenebilir. Bu, paketin hedefine giden yolu bulmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmak i\u00e7in \u00f6zel bir yola olan ihtiyac\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131r ancak paket ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7ok daha fazla bilgi gerekti\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelir, bu da dolay\u0131s\u0131yla daha b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr ve bu bilgilerin \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7 t\u00fcketen i\u00e7eri\u011fi adreslenebilir bellekte aranmas\u0131 gerekir. Her bir paket yollan\u0131r ve farkl\u0131 yollardan gidebilir; potansiyel olarak sistemin her bir paket i\u00e7in ba\u011flant\u0131ya y\u00f6nelik sistemin ba\u011flant\u0131 kurulumunda yapmas\u0131 gerekenki kadar, ama uygulaman\u0131n gereksinimlerine k\u0131yasla daha az bilgiyle, i\u015f yapmas\u0131 gerekir. Hedefte, orijinal mesaj/veri paket s\u0131ralama say\u0131s\u0131na g\u00f6re do\u011fru s\u0131rada yeniden birle\u015ftirilir. B\u00f6ylelikle bir sanal devre ya da bayt ak\u0131m\u0131 olarak da bilinen bir sanal ba\u011flant\u0131 son kullan\u0131c\u0131ya bir ta\u015f\u0131ma katman\u0131 protokol\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan sa\u011flan\u0131r ancak ara a\u011f d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmleri yaln\u0131zca ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131z bir a\u011f katman\u0131 hizmeti sa\u011flar.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 34,
                  "text": "tam adresleme bilgisi"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726385e271a42140099d797",
              "question": "Her bir paket ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131z modda ne i\u00e7erir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 80,
                  "text": "bireysel olarak"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726385e271a42140099d798",
              "question": "Paketler nas\u0131l sevk edilir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 189,
                  "text": "hedef adresi, kaynak adresi ve port numaras\u0131yla"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726385e271a42140099d799",
              "question": "Her bir paket etiketinde ne bulunur?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 864,
                  "text": "orijinal mesaj/veri paket s\u0131ralama say\u0131s\u0131na g\u00f6re do\u011fru s\u0131rada yeniden birle\u015ftirilir"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726385e271a42140099d79a",
              "question": "Hedefte pakete ne olur?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "ARPANET ve SITA HLN 1969 y\u0131l\u0131nda faaliyete ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. 1973 y\u0131l\u0131nda X.25'in \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131ndan \u00f6nce yakla\u015f\u0131k yirmi farkl\u0131 a\u011f teknolojisi geli\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. \u0130ki temel farka a\u011f ucundaki ve a\u011f merkezindeki sunucular aras\u0131ndaki i\u015flev ve g\u00f6revlerin b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc dahildir. Datagram sisteminde sunucular paketlerin d\u00fczg\u00fcn teslimini sa\u011flama sorumlulu\u011funa sahiptirler. Kullan\u0131c\u0131 Datagram Protokol\u00fc (UDP), datagram protokol\u00fcn\u00fcn bir \u00f6rne\u011fidir. Sanal \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131 sisteminde a\u011f, verinin sunucuya d\u00fczg\u00fcn teslimini garanti eder. Bu, datagram modeline k\u0131yasla daha az i\u015flevselli\u011fe sahip daha basit bir sunucu aray\u00fcz\u00fcne sebep olur. X.25 protokol paketi bu a\u011f tipini kullan\u0131r.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 20,
                  "text": "1969"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57263c78ec44d21400f3dc7b",
              "question": "ARPANET ve SITA ne zaman faaliyete ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 147,
                  "text": "\u0130ki temel farka a\u011f ucundaki ve a\u011f merkezindeki sunucular aras\u0131ndaki i\u015flev ve g\u00f6revlerin b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc dahildir"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57263c78ec44d21400f3dc7c",
              "question": "X.25 ve ARPANET SITA teknolojileri aras\u0131ndaki 2 fark nedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 418,
                  "text": "Sanal \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131 sisteminde a\u011f, verinin sunucuya d\u00fczg\u00fcn teslimini garanti eder"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57263c78ec44d21400f3dc7d",
              "question": "Kullan\u0131c\u0131 Datagram Protokol\u00fc neyi garanti eder?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 345,
                  "text": "Kullan\u0131c\u0131 Datagram Protokol\u00fc"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57263c78ec44d21400f3dc7e",
              "question": "X.25 ne t\u00fcr a\u011f tipi kullan\u0131r?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "DECnet, Digital Equipment Corporation taraf\u0131ndan geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f bir a\u011f protokolleri ailesidir ve iki PDP-11 minibilgisayar\u0131n\u0131 ba\u011flamak i\u00e7in ilk kez 1975 y\u0131l\u0131nda piyasaya s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. \u0130lk u\u00e7tan uca a\u011f mimarilerinden birine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f, b\u00f6ylece DEC'yi 1980'lerde a\u011f konusunda \u00f6nemli bir g\u00fcce d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta \u00fc\u00e7 katman olarak in\u015fa edilmi\u015f, daha sonra (1982) yedi katmanl\u0131 OSI uyumlu bir a\u011f protokol\u00fcne d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. DECnet protokolleri tamamen Digital Equipment Corporation taraf\u0131ndan tasarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak DECnet Phase II (ve daha sonras\u0131) yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015f \u00f6zelliklere sahip a\u00e7\u0131k standartlard\u0131r ve bir tanesi Linux i\u00e7in olmak \u00fczere DEC d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir\u00e7ok uygulamas\u0131 geli\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 8,
                  "text": "Digital Equipment Corporation taraf\u0131ndan geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f bir a\u011f protokolleri ailesidir"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57263ea0271a42140099d7c3",
              "question": "DECnet nedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 96,
                  "text": "iki PDP-11 minibilgisayar\u0131n\u0131 ba\u011flamak"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57263ea0271a42140099d7c4",
              "question": "DECnet aslen ne yap\u0131yordu?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 363,
                  "text": "yedi"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57263ea0271a42140099d7c5",
              "question": "DEC aslen 3 katmana sahipken daha sonra ka\u00e7 katmana evrilmi\u015ftir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 545,
                  "text": "yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015f \u00f6zelliklere sahip a\u00e7\u0131k standartlard\u0131r ve bir tanesi Linux i\u00e7in olmak \u00fczere DEC d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir\u00e7ok uygulamas\u0131 geli\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57263ea0271a42140099d7c6",
              "question": "DECnet Phase 2 neye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Michigan'\u0131n kamu \u00fcniversiteleri taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilen ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir kar amac\u0131 g\u00fctmeyen 501(c)(3) \u015firketi olan Merit Network, Inc., 1966'da Michigan E\u011fitim Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Bilgi \u00dc\u00e7l\u00fcs\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan Michigan'\u0131n kamu \u00fcniversitelerinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fc aras\u0131nda bilgisayar a\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ke\u015ffetme amac\u0131yla ve b\u00f6ylelikle eyaletin e\u011fitimsel ve ekonomik kalk\u0131nmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmak i\u00e7in kurulmu\u015ftur. Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7taki Michigan Eyaleti ve Ulusal Bilim Kurumu (NSF) deste\u011fi ile paket anahtarlamal\u0131 a\u011f ilk kez 1971'in aral\u0131k ay\u0131nda interaktif sunucudan sunucuya ba\u011flant\u0131n\u0131n Ann Arbor'daki Michigan \u00dcniversitesi'ndeki IBM ana\u00e7at\u0131 bilgisayar sistemleri ile Detroit'teki Wayne State \u00fcniversitesi aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lmas\u0131yla g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir. 1972 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Ekim ay\u0131nda East Lansing'deki Michigan Eyalet \u00dcniversitesi'ndeki CDC ana\u00e7at\u0131s\u0131yla yap\u0131lan ba\u011flant\u0131lar \u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcy\u00fc tamamlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sonraki birka\u00e7 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde sunucudan sunucuya interaktif ba\u011flant\u0131lara ek olarak a\u011f, terminal ile sunucu aras\u0131ndaki ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131, sunucudan sunucuya toplu ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 (uzaktan i\u015f teslimi, uzaktan yazd\u0131rma, toplu dosya aktar\u0131m\u0131), interaktif dosya aktar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131, Tymnet ve Telenet kamu veri a\u011flar\u0131na a\u011f ge\u00e7idini, X.25 sunucu eklentilerini, X.25 veri a\u011flar\u0131 a\u011f ge\u00e7idini, Ethernet eklentili sunucular\u0131 ve son olarak TCP/IP'yi destekleyecek \u015fekilde geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f ve Michigan'daki ba\u015fka kamu \u00fcniversiteleri de a\u011fa kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcm bunlar Merit'in 1980'lerin ortalar\u0131nda ba\u015flayan NSFNET projesindeki rol\u00fc i\u00e7in ortam\u0131 haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 284,
                  "text": "eyaletin e\u011fitimsel ve ekonomik kalk\u0131nmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmak i\u00e7in"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726414e271a42140099d7e5",
              "question": "Merit network neden Michigan'da kurulmu\u015ftur?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 486,
                  "text": "interaktif sunucudan sunucuya ba\u011flant\u0131n\u0131n Ann Arbor'daki Michigan \u00dcniversitesi'ndeki IBM ana\u00e7at\u0131 bilgisayar sistemleri ile Detroit'teki Wayne State"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726414e271a42140099d7e6",
              "question": "\u00dc\u00e7l\u00fcy\u00fc ne tamamlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 1186,
                  "text": "Ethernet eklentili sunucular\u0131 ve son olarak TCP/IP'yi destekleyecek \u015fekilde geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f ve Michigan'daki ba\u015fka kamu \u00fcniversiteleri de a\u011fa kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726414e271a42140099d7e7",
              "question": "Merit'in NSFNET'teki rol\u00fc i\u00e7in ortam\u0131 ne haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Internet2, ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve e\u011fitim topluluklar\u0131, sanayi ve h\u00fck\u00fcmet temsilcileri taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilen kar amac\u0131 g\u00fctmeyen bir Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri bilgisayar a\u011f konsorsiyumudur. Internet2 toplulu\u011fu, Qwest ile ortakl\u0131k i\u00e7inde Abilene ad\u0131 verilen ilk Internet2 A\u011f\u0131n\u0131 1998'de in\u015fa etmi\u015f ve National LambdaRail (NLR) projesinin birincil yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. 2006 y\u0131l\u0131nda Internet2 kapasitesini 10 Gbit/s'den 100 Gbit/s'ye \u00e7\u0131kartacak yepyeni bir ulusal a\u011f lanse etmek i\u00e7in Level 3 Communications ile bir ortakl\u0131\u011fa girdi\u011fini duyurmu\u015ftur. 2007 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Ekim ay\u0131nda Internet2 Abilene'i resmen emekliye ay\u0131rm\u0131\u015f ve yeni y\u00fcksek kapasiteli a\u011f\u0131na Internet2 Network ad\u0131n\u0131 vermeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 11,
                  "text": "ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve e\u011fitim topluluklar\u0131, sanayi ve h\u00fck\u00fcmet temsilcileri taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilen kar amac\u0131 g\u00fctmeyen bir Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri bilgisayar a\u011f konsorsiyumudur"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726472bdd62a815002e8042",
              "question": "Internet2 nedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 200,
                  "text": "Qwest"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726472bdd62a815002e8043",
              "question": "Internet2 kimle ortakl\u0131\u011fa girmi\u015ftir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 226,
                  "text": "Abilene"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726472bdd62a815002e8044",
              "question": "\u0130lk Internet2 a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131 neydi?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 431,
                  "text": "yepyeni bir ulusal a\u011f lanse etmek i\u00e7in Level 3 Communications ile bir ortakl\u0131\u011fa girdi\u011fini duyurmu\u015ftur"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726472bdd62a815002e8045",
              "question": "Internet2 kimle ortakl\u0131\u011fa girmi\u015ftir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 635,
                  "text": "Internet2 Network"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726472bdd62a815002e8046",
              "question": "Abilene emekliye ayr\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra yeni platforma ne ad verilmi\u015ftir?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "title": "Packet_switching"
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "context": "\ufeffT\u0131p bilgisi Orta\u00e7a\u011f'da duraksam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. O d\u00f6nemlerdeki en yetkili rivayet, Paris'teki t\u0131p fak\u00fcltesinden, 1345'te \"havada b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc salg\u0131n\"a neden olan \u00fc\u00e7 gezegenin bir araya gelmesi \u015feklinde g\u00f6kleri su\u00e7layan Fransa Kral\u0131'na  ait bir raporda geldi. Bu rapor, hastalara tavsiyelerde bulunmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir dizi veba hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ilk ve en \u00e7ok da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lan\u0131 oldu. Vebaya k\u00f6t\u00fc havan\u0131n neden oldu\u011fu en yayg\u0131n kabul g\u00f6ren teori haline geldi. Bug\u00fcn, bu Miasma teorisi olarak bilinir. 'Veba' s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u015fu anda \u00f6zel bir \u00f6neme sahip de\u011fildi ve yaln\u0131zca Orta \u00c7a\u011f'da ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan salg\u0131nlar\u0131n tekrarlanmas\u0131 ona t\u0131bbi terim haline gelen ad\u0131 verdi.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 198,
                  "text": "g\u00f6kleri"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57264b3edd62a815002e80aa",
              "question": "Kara \u00f6l\u00fcm olarak su\u00e7lanan asl\u0131nda neydi?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 215,
                  "text": "Fransa Kral\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57264b3edd62a815002e80ab",
              "question": "T\u0131bbi rapor kimin i\u00e7in yaz\u0131ld\u0131?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 364,
                  "text": "Vebaya k\u00f6t\u00fc havan\u0131n neden oldu\u011fu"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57264b3edd62a815002e80ac",
              "question": "Veba yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndaki daha yeni, daha yayg\u0131n olarak kabul edilen teori nedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 449,
                  "text": "Miasma teorisi"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57264b3edd62a815002e80ad",
              "question": "K\u00f6t\u00fc hava teorisi resmiyette ne olarak bilinir?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "\u00c7al\u0131\u015fma ayr\u0131ca, y. pestis genomunun orta\u00e7a\u011f toplu mezarlar\u0131yla ili\u015fkilendirilen daha \u00f6nce bilinmeyen ancak ili\u015fkili iki b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn (genetik dallar\u0131) oldu\u011funu da buldu. Atalardan modern y. pestis soylar\u0131 Y. p. orientalis ve Y. p. medievalis'e kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 tespit edilen bu t\u00fcrler (nesli t\u00fckenmi\u015f oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen), veban\u0131n Avrupa'ya iki dalga halinde girdi\u011fini belirtiyor. Fransa ve \u0130ngiltere\u2019de kalm\u0131\u015f bulunan veba \u00e7ukuru ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131  ve Avrupa\u2019ya 1347 Kas\u0131m ay\u0131 civar\u0131nda Marsilya liman\u0131 \u00fczerinden girdi\u011fini ve sonraki iki y\u0131l boyunca Fransa \u00fczerinden yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve ard\u0131ndan 1349 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n bahar\u0131nda \u00fclke boyunca \u00fc\u00e7 salg\u0131n hastal\u0131\u011fa yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu \u0130ngiltere\u2019ye ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir. Hollanda'daki Bergen op Zoom kasabas\u0131nda devam eden veba \u00e7ukuru ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131, Britanya ve Fransa'dan farkl\u0131 olan 1350 y\u0131l\u0131ndan sonra Bel\u00e7ika, L\u00fcksemburg ve Hollanda'y\u0131 kapsayan co\u011frafi b\u00f6lge \u00fczerinden yay\u0131lan pandemiden Y. pestis genotipinin sorumlu oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir ve Bergen op Zoom (ve muhtemelen G\u00fcney Hollandan\u0131n di\u011fer k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131) 1349'da do\u011frudan \u0130ngiltere ve Fransa'dan bula\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve Britanya ve Fransa'dakilerden farkl\u0131 olarak Norve\u00e7, Hansa \u015eehirleri ya da farkl\u0131 bir yerlerden Bel\u00e7ika, L\u00fcksemburg ve Hollanda'y\u0131 kapsayan co\u011frafi b\u00f6lgeye ta\u015f\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olabilecek ikinci bir salg\u0131n dalgas\u0131n\u0131 i\u015faret etmektedir. ",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 131,
                  "text": "genetik dallar\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbae",
              "question": "T\u00fcrler nedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 202,
                  "text": "Y. p. orientalis ve Y. p. medievalis'e"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbaf",
              "question": "Toplu mezarlarda hangi y. pestis soylar\u0131 bulunmu\u015ftur?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 308,
                  "text": "veban\u0131n Avrupa'ya iki dalga halinde girdi\u011fini"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbb0",
              "question": "Y. pestis  soylar\u0131 veba hakk\u0131nda neyi \u00f6ne s\u00fcrmektedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 434,
                  "text": "Avrupa\u2019ya 1347 Kas\u0131m ay\u0131 civar\u0131nda Marsilya liman\u0131 \u00fczerinden"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbb1",
              "question": "\u0130lk y. pestis varyant\u0131 Avrupa'ya nas\u0131l ve ne zaman girmi\u015ftir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 573,
                  "text": "1349"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbb2",
              "question": "Y. pestis \u0130ngiltere'ye ne zaman ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Y. pestis'e \u00e7e\u015fitli alternatifler ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Twigg, nedenin bir \u015farbon t\u00fcr\u00fc oldu\u011funu \u00f6ne s\u00fcrd\u00fc ve Norman Cantor (2001), \u015farbon ve di\u011fer salg\u0131n hastal\u0131klar\u0131n bir kombinasyonu olabilece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc. Scott ve Duncan, pandeminin Ebola'ya benzer hemorajik veba gibi karakterize bir bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131 hastal\u0131k \u015fekli oldu\u011funu iddia etti. Arkeolog Barney Sloane, Londra\u2019daki orta \u00e7a\u011f su k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131 arkeolojik kay\u0131tlar\u0131nda \u00e7ok say\u0131da farenin neslinin t\u00fckendi\u011fine dair yeterli kan\u0131t bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve Y. pestis'in fareler \u00fczerindeki pireler taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tezini desteklemek i\u00e7in veban\u0131n \u00e7ok h\u0131zl\u0131 yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia etti; bula\u015fman\u0131n ki\u015fiden ki\u015fiye oldu\u011funu savundu. Ancak, hi\u00e7bir tek alternatif \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm yayg\u0131n kabul g\u00f6rmedi. Bir pandeminin ana ajan\u0131 olarak Y. pestis'i tart\u0131\u015fan bir\u00e7ok bilim adam\u0131, yayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve semptomlar\u0131n\u0131n, tromb\u00fcs, \u00e7i\u00e7ek hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve solunum yolu enfeksiyonlar\u0131 da dahil olmak \u00fczere di\u011fer hastal\u0131klarla birlikte, h\u0131yarc\u0131kl\u0131 veba hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bir kombinasyonu ile a\u00e7\u0131klanabilece\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrmektedirler. H\u0131yarc\u0131kl\u0131 enfeksiyona ek olarak, di\u011ferleri veban\u0131n septisemik (bir t\u00fcr \"kan zehirlenmesi\") ve pn\u00f6monik (v\u00fccudun geri kalan\u0131ndan \u00f6nce akci\u011ferlere sald\u0131ran havadaki bir salg\u0131n) t\u00fcrleri boyunca ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 i\u015faret ettiler; bu salg\u0131nlar\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kma s\u00fcrelerini mevsim boyunca uzatarak y\u00fcksek mortalite oran\u0131n\u0131 ve kaydedilen ek semptomlar\u0131 hesaba katmaya yard\u0131m etmi\u015ftir. 2014 y\u0131l\u0131nda,  \u0130ngiltere Halk Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilim insanlar\u0131, Londra'n\u0131n Clerkenwell b\u00f6lgesinden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan 25 cesedin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra s\u00fcre\u00e7 boyunda Londra'da kay\u0131tl\u0131 olan vasiyetlerin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131lar; bu pn\u00f6monik hipotezini desteklemi\u015ftir.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 68,
                  "text": "bir \u015farbon t\u00fcr\u00fc"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726534d708984140094c26d",
              "question": "Graham Twigg hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n yay\u0131lmas\u0131 hakk\u0131nda ne ileri s\u00fcr\u00fcyor?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 128,
                  "text": "\u015farbon ve di\u011fer salg\u0131n hastal\u0131klar\u0131n bir kombinasyonu"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726534d708984140094c26e",
              "question": "Norman Cantor'\u0131n veba konusundaki teorisi neydi?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 819,
                  "text": "tromb\u00fcs, \u00e7i\u00e7ek hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve solunum yolu enfeksiyonlar\u0131 da"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726534d708984140094c26f",
              "question": "Pek \u00e7ok bilim insan\u0131n\u0131n veba salg\u0131n\u0131na katk\u0131da bulundu\u011funa inand\u0131\u011f\u0131 hastal\u0131klar nelerdir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 1081,
                  "text": "bir t\u00fcr \"kan zehirlenmesi\""
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726534d708984140094c270",
              "question": "Septisemi nedir? "
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 1491,
                  "text": "25"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726534d708984140094c271",
              "question": "\u0130ngiltere Halk Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ka\u00e7 tane ceset \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "1466 y\u0131l\u0131nda, belki de 40.000 ki\u015fi Paris'teki vebadan \u00f6ld\u00fc. 16. ve 17. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda veba, Paris'te zaman\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 30'unda boy g\u00f6sterdi. Kara \u00d6l\u00fcm, hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00fclkede bir yerlerde 1350-1490 aras\u0131nda 25 kez boy g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi Rusya'da devam etmeden \u00f6nce \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l boyunca Avrupa'y\u0131 vurmu\u015ftur. Veba salg\u0131nlar\u0131, Londra'y\u0131 1563, 1593, 1603, 1625, 1636 ve 1665'te tahrip etti; bu y\u0131llarda n\u00fcfusu %10 ila 30 aras\u0131nda azaltt\u0131. Amsterdam n\u00fcfusunun %10'undan fazlas\u0131 1623-25'te ve yine 1635-36, 1655 ve 1664 y\u0131llar\u0131nda \u00f6ld\u00fc. Veba, 1361 ile 1528 aras\u0131nda Venedik'te 22 kez meydana geldi. 1576\u201377 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki veba, Venedik'te neredeyse n\u00fcfusun \u00fc\u00e7te biri olan 50.000 ki\u015fiyi \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc. Orta Avrupa'daki ge\u00e7 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan salg\u0131nlar, Otuz Y\u0131l Sava\u015flar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131ndaki asker hareketleriyle ilgili olan 1629-1631 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki \u0130talyan Vebas\u0131n\u0131 ve 1679'daki B\u00fcy\u00fck Viyana Vebas\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eriyordu. Norve\u00e7 n\u00fcfusunun %60'\u0131ndan fazlas\u0131 1348-50'de \u00f6ld\u00fc. Son veba salg\u0131n\u0131 Oslo\u2019yu 1654 y\u0131l\u0131nda vurdu.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 23,
                  "text": "40.000"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57265642f1498d1400e8dc68",
              "question": "Paris'te 1466 y\u0131l\u0131nda ka\u00e7 ki\u015fi vebadan \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 226,
                  "text": "Rusya'da"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57265642f1498d1400e8dc69",
              "question": "Kara veba hangi \u00fclkeden sonra \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l boyunca Avrupa'y\u0131 vurmu\u015ftur?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 814,
                  "text": "\u0130talyan Vebas\u0131n\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57265642f1498d1400e8dc6b",
              "question": "Hangi salg\u0131n\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 otuz y\u0131l sava\u015f\u0131yla ilgiliydi?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 955,
                  "text": "1654 y\u0131l\u0131nda"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57265642f1498d1400e8dc6c",
              "question": "En son veba salg\u0131n\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 ne zamand\u0131?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 554,
                  "text": "22"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57265642f1498d1400e8dc6a",
              "question": "Venedik'te veba ka\u00e7 kez meydana gelmi\u015ftir?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Kara \u00d6l\u00fcm, \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funu vurdu. Veba, \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda 1500 ila 1850 aras\u0131nda neredeyse her y\u0131l en az bir yerde boy g\u00f6sterdi. Veba defalarca Kuzey Afrika \u015fehirlerini vurdu. Cezayirliler 1620\u201321 y\u0131llar\u0131nda 30 ila 50 bin ki\u015fi ve yine 1654\u201357, 1665, 1691 ve 1740\u201342 y\u0131llar\u0131nda kaybettiler. Veba, Osmanl\u0131 toplumunda  19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ikinci \u00e7eyre\u011fine kadar \u00f6nemli bir olay olarak kald\u0131. 1701 ile 1750 aras\u0131nda Konstantinopolis'te otuz yedi daha b\u00fcy\u00fck ve daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck salg\u0131nlar ve 1751-1800 aras\u0131nda ek otuz bir tane daha kaydedildi. Ba\u011fdat, veba felaketlerinden ciddi bir \u015fekilde ac\u0131 \u00e7ekti ve bazen n\u00fcfusunun \u00fc\u00e7te ikisi yok oldu.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 65,
                  "text": "1500 ila 1850"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726577f708984140094c301",
              "question": "Veba \u0130slam \u00fclkelerinde hangi y\u0131llarda boy g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 215,
                  "text": "30 ila 50 bin"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726577f708984140094c302",
              "question": "Cezayir'de 1620-21 y\u0131llar\u0131nda ka\u00e7 ki\u015fi kaybedilmi\u015ftir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 323,
                  "text": "19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ikinci \u00e7eyre\u011fine kadar"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726577f708984140094c303",
              "question": "Veba Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu'nda ne kadar s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr? "
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 599,
                  "text": "n\u00fcfusunun \u00fc\u00e7te ikisi"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726577f708984140094c304",
              "question": "Ba\u011fdat'ta en fazla ka\u00e7 ki\u015fi vebadan \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "title": "Black_Death"
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "context": "A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki d\u00f6rt zaman \u00e7izelgesi jeolojik zaman \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir. Birincisi, D\u00fcnya'n\u0131n olu\u015fumundan g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar ge\u00e7en s\u00fcreyi g\u00f6sterir, ancak bu en son sonsuzlu\u011fu k\u0131salt\u0131r. Bu nedenle, ikinci \u00f6l\u00e7ek geni\u015fletilmi\u015f bir \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fe sahip en yeni sonsuzlu\u011fu g\u00f6stermektedir. \u0130kinci \u00f6l\u00e7ek en son d\u00f6nemi k\u0131salt\u0131r, bu nedenle en son d\u00f6nem \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u00f6l\u00e7ekte geni\u015fletilir. Kuaterner, k\u0131sa \u00e7a\u011flarla \u00e7ok k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc \u00f6l\u00e7ekte daha da geni\u015fletildi. Bu nedenle, ikinci, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ve d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc zaman \u00e7izelgeleri, y\u0131ld\u0131z i\u015faretleriyle g\u00f6sterilen \u00f6nceki zaman \u00e7izelgelerinin alt b\u00f6l\u00fcmleridir. Holosen'in  (en son d\u00f6nem) sa\u011fdaki \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc zaman \u00e7izelgesinde a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6sterilemeyecek kadar k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olmas\u0131 d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fi geni\u015fletmek i\u00e7in ba\u015fka bir nedendir. Pleistosen (P) \u00e7a\u011f\u0131. Q, Kuaterner d\u00f6nemini ifade eder.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 283,
                  "text": "en son d\u00f6nemi k\u0131salt\u0131r"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572663a9f1498d1400e8ddf2",
              "question": "\u0130kinci zaman \u00e7izelgesi neden gereklidir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 360,
                  "text": "Kuaterner"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572663a9f1498d1400e8ddf4",
              "question": "D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc \u00f6l\u00e7ekte hangi zaman \u00e7izelgesi daha da geni\u015fletilmi\u015ftir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 590,
                  "text": "Holosen"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572663a9f1498d1400e8ddf5",
              "question": "Son \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n ad\u0131 nedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 771,
                  "text": "Kuaterner"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572663a9f1498d1400e8ddf6",
              "question": "Pleistosen \u00e7a\u011f\u0131 hangi d\u00f6nemde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Faunistik ard\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k ilkesi, tortul kayalar i\u00e7indeki fosillerin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na dayan\u0131r. Organizmalar d\u00fcnyan\u0131n her taraf\u0131nda ayn\u0131 zaman diliminde var olduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in, bunlar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya (bazen) yoklu\u011fu, bulunduklar\u0131 olu\u015fumlar\u0131n g\u00f6reli ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 temin etmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilir. William Smith'in, Charles Darwin'in evrim teorisinin yay\u0131nlanmas\u0131ndan neredeyse y\u00fcz y\u0131l \u00f6nce ortaya koydu\u011fu prensiplere dayanarak, ard\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k ilkeleri evrimsel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak geli\u015ftirildi. \u0130lke olduk\u00e7a karma\u015f\u0131k hale gelir, yine de fosille\u015fme belirsizliklerini, habitattaki yanal de\u011fi\u015fimler nedeniyle fosil t\u00fcrlerinin yerle\u015fimini (tortul tabakalar\u0131ndaki fasiyes de\u011fi\u015fimi) ve t\u00fcm fosillerin ayn\u0131 anda k\u00fcresel olarak bulunamamas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 0,
                  "text": "Faunistik ard\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k ilkesi"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572669a9dd62a815002e8416",
              "question": "Hangi prensip tortul kayalar i\u00e7indeki fosillerin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na dayan\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 278,
                  "text": "William Smith"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572669a9dd62a815002e8417",
              "question": "Kimin prensibi faunistik ard\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k ilkesinin \u00fczerine kurulmu\u015ftur?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 492,
                  "text": "karma\u015f\u0131k"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572669a9dd62a815002e8418",
              "question": "T\u00fcm fosillerin k\u00fcresel olarak ayn\u0131 anda bulunamayaca\u011f\u0131 ger\u00e7e\u011fi, ilkenin ne hale gelmesine sebep olur?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 90,
                  "text": "Organizmalar"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572669a9dd62a815002e8419",
              "question": "Olu\u015fumlar\u0131n hangisinin i\u00e7inde bulunduklar\u0131 g\u00f6reli ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 belirlemek i\u00e7in nelerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya yoklu\u011fu kullan\u0131labilir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 296,
                  "text": "Charles Darwin"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572669a9dd62a815002e841a",
              "question": "Faunistik ard\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k ilkesi, kimin evrim teorisinden 100 y\u0131l \u00f6nce geli\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Laboratuarda, stratigrafi uzmanlar\u0131 matkap \u00e7ekirde\u011fi olanlar gibi alandan geri getirilebilecek stratigrafik kesit \u00f6rneklerini analiz eder. Stratigrafi uzmanlar\u0131 ayr\u0131ca yeralt\u0131ndaki stratigrafik birimlerin yerlerini g\u00f6steren jeofiziksel ara\u015ft\u0131rmalardan elde edilen verileri de analiz eder. Jeofiziksel veriler ve kuyu kay\u0131tlar\u0131, yeralt\u0131n\u0131n daha iyi g\u00f6r\u00fclebilmesi i\u00e7in birle\u015ftirilebilir ve stratigrafi uzmanlar\u0131 bunu yapmak i\u00e7in genellikle bilgisayar programlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 boyutta kullan\u0131rlar. Stratigrafi uzmanlar\u0131 daha sonra bu verileri, d\u00fcnya y\u00fczeyinde meydana gelen eski s\u00fcre\u00e7leri yeniden olu\u015fturmak, ge\u00e7mi\u015f ortamlar\u0131 canland\u0131rmak ve su, k\u00f6m\u00fcr ve hidrokarbon  \u00e7\u0131karma alanlar\u0131n\u0131n yerini tespit etmek i\u00e7in kullanabilirler.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 14,
                  "text": "stratigrafi uzmanlar\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57268066708984140094c821",
              "question": "Matkap \u00e7ekirde\u011fi gibi stratigrafik kesitlerin analizi kim taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131l\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 224,
                  "text": "jeofiziksel"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57268066708984140094c822",
              "question": "Ne t\u00fcr ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar yeralt\u0131ndaki stratigrafik birimlerin yerini g\u00f6stermektedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 312,
                  "text": "kuyu kay\u0131tlar\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57268066708984140094c823",
              "question": "Yeralt\u0131na daha iyi bir g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in jeofizik verilerle ne birle\u015ftirilebilir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 438,
                  "text": "bilgisayar programlar\u0131n\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57268066708984140094c824",
              "question": "Stratigrafi uzmanlar\u0131 verilerini \u00fc\u00e7 boyutta g\u00f6rmek i\u00e7in hangi arac\u0131 kullan\u0131rlar?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 644,
                  "text": "hidrokarbon"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57268066708984140094c825",
              "question": "Stratigrafi uzmanlar\u0131, hangi t\u00fcr \u00e7\u0131karma i\u015flemlerine ili\u015fkin alanlar\u0131n\u0131n konumunu tespit etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Fielding H. Garrison gibi baz\u0131 modern bilim adamlar\u0131, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman fetihleri \u200b\u200bsona erdikten sonra jeoloji biliminin k\u00f6keninin Pers lere kadar izlenebilece\u011fi kan\u0131s\u0131ndad\u0131r. Ebu el-Rayhan el-Bir\u00fbn\u00ee'nin (973-1048 Miladi Takvim) \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 Hindistan alt k\u0131tas\u0131n\u0131n bir zamanlar deniz oldu\u011fu varsay\u0131m\u0131nda bulunarak Hindistan jeolojisine dair en eski yaz\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7eren ilk Pers jeologlar\u0131ndan biriydi. M\u00fcsl\u00fcman fetihler taraf\u0131ndan tahrip edilmeyen Yunan ve Hint bilimsel literat\u00fcr\u00fcnden hareketle, Pers bilim adam\u0131 \u0130bn-i Sina (\u0130bn-i Sina, 981-1037) da\u011flar\u0131n olu\u015fumu, depremlerin k\u00f6keni ve modern jeolojinin merkezinde yer alan di\u011fer konular hakk\u0131nda bilimin daha sonra geli\u015fmesi i\u00e7in gerekli bir temel te\u015fkil eden ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamalar \u00f6ne s\u00fcrd\u00fc. \u00c7in'de, bilge Shen Kuo (1031-1095), yer olu\u015fum s\u00fcreci i\u00e7in bir hipotez form\u00fcle etti: okyanustan y\u00fczlerce kilometre uzakl\u0131ktaki bir da\u011fdaki bir jeolojik tabakada bulunan fosil hayvan kabuklar\u0131 g\u00f6zlemine dayanarak, topra\u011f\u0131n, da\u011flar\u0131n a\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 ve al\u00fcvyon birikimi ile olu\u015ftu\u011fu sonucuna vard\u0131.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 123,
                  "text": "Pers"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572683f95951b619008f7525",
              "question": "Fielding H. Garrison, jeoloji biliminin nereye kadar takip edilebilece\u011fine inan\u0131yor?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 168,
                  "text": "Ebu el-Rayhan el-Bir\u00fbn\u00ee"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572683f95951b619008f7526",
              "question": "Miladi Takvim 973-1048 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ya\u015fayan en eski Pers jeologlar\u0131ndan birisidir, ismi nedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 748,
                  "text": "Shen Kuo"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572683f95951b619008f7527",
              "question": "\u00c7in'de, bu ki\u015fi topra\u011f\u0131n da\u011flar\u0131n a\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 ve al\u00fcvyon birikimi ile olu\u015ftu\u011fu sonucuna varm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, ismi nedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 502,
                  "text": "\u0130bn-i Sina"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572683f95951b619008f7528",
              "question": "Bu ki\u015fi depremlerin k\u00f6kenleri ve da\u011flar\u0131n olu\u015fumu hakk\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131klamalar \u00f6ne s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr, ismi nedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 903,
                  "text": "fosil hayvan kabuklar\u0131 g\u00f6zlemine"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572683f95951b619008f7529",
              "question": "Shen Kuo'nun, da\u011flar\u0131n erozyonu nedeniyle topra\u011f\u0131n olu\u015ftu\u011funa inanmas\u0131na neden olan \u015fey neydi?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "James Hutton genellikle ilk modern jeolog olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. 1785'te Edinburgh Kraliyet Cemiyeti'ne D\u00fcnya Teorisi ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir makale sundu. Yaz\u0131s\u0131nda, da\u011flar\u0131n a\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 ve ayr\u0131larak kuru toprak haline gelecek olan deniz dibinde tortular a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan yeni kayalar\u0131n olu\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yeterli zamana ula\u015fmalar\u0131 ad\u0131na d\u00fcnyan\u0131n daha \u00f6nce tahmin edilenden \u00e7ok daha ya\u015fl\u0131 olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi teorisini anlatt\u0131. Hutton, 1795 y\u0131l\u0131nda fikirlerinin iki ciltli bir s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc yay\u0131nlad\u0131 (Cilt 1, Cilt 2).",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 0,
                  "text": "James Hutton"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57268527708984140094c8bf",
              "question": "Kim ilk modern jeolog olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 97,
                  "text": "D\u00fcnya Teorisi"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57268527708984140094c8c0",
              "question": "1785'te James Hutton, Edinburgh Kraliyet Cemiyeti'ne hangi makaleyi sunmu\u015ftur?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 401,
                  "text": "1795"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57268527708984140094c8c1",
              "question": "James Hutton hangi y\u0131l teorilerinin 2 ciltlik versiyonunu yay\u0131nlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 306,
                  "text": "d\u00fcnyan\u0131n daha \u00f6nce tahmin edilenden \u00e7ok daha ya\u015fl\u0131 olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57268527708984140094c8c2",
              "question": "James Hutton'\u0131n makalesinin ana fikri neydi?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "title": "Geology"
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "context": "\u015eimdiki Newcastle olan yerde ilk kaydedilen yerle\u015fim, Tyne Nehri kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki bir Roma hisar\u0131 ve k\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc olan Pons Aelius'du. MS 2. y\u00fczy\u0131lda buraya bunu kuran Roma \u0130mparatoru Hadrianus'un soyad\u0131 verildi. Bu nadir \u015feref Hadrian'\u0131n b\u00f6lgeyi ziyaret etmi\u015f olabilece\u011fini ve \u0130ngiltere gezisinde k\u00f6pr\u00fcy\u00fc kurmu\u015f oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steriyor. Bu d\u00f6nemde Pons Aelius'un n\u00fcfusu 2.000 olarak tahmin edildi. Hadrian Duvar\u0131'n\u0131n par\u00e7alar\u0131 hala Newcastle'\u0131n baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerinde, \u00f6zellikle de Bat\u0131 Yolu boyunca g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir. \"Roma Duvar\u0131\" n\u0131n seyri, do\u011fuda Wallsend'deki Segedunum Roma kalesine (\"duvar\u0131n sonu\") ve South Shields'daki Arbeia kalesine kadar dayanabilir. Hadrian Duvar\u0131'n\u0131n geni\u015fli\u011fi 73 mil (117 km) idi, \u0130ngiltere'nin geni\u015fli\u011fini ihitva etmektedir; duvar, paralel h\u00f6y\u00fcklere sahip b\u00fcy\u00fck bir arka hendek olan Vallum'u birle\u015ftirdi ve b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde bir istila i\u00e7in bir m\u00fccadele hatt\u0131 olarak de\u011fil, istenmeyen g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc ve Pictish kabilelerinin kuzeyden girmesini \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in \u00f6ncelikle savunma amac\u0131yla in\u015fa edilmi\u015ftir.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 110,
                  "text": "Pons Aelius"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726660d5951b619008f71b1",
              "question": "Newcastle olan yerdeki ilk kaydedilen yerle\u015fim neydi?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 54,
                  "text": "Tyne Nehri"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726660d5951b619008f71b2",
              "question": "Roma d\u00f6neminde hangi nehirde aslen bir k\u00f6pr\u00fc vard\u0131?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 358,
                  "text": "2.000"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726660d5951b619008f71b3",
              "question": "Pons Aelius'un 2. y\u00fczy\u0131ldaki tahmini n\u00fcfusu neydi?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 386,
                  "text": "Hadrian"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726660d5951b619008f71b4",
              "question": "Kimin duvar\u0131nda Newcastle \u00e7evresindeki yerlerden bug\u00fcn bile g\u00f6r\u00fcnen par\u00e7alar bulunmaktad\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 898,
                  "text": "Pictish"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726660d5951b619008f71b5",
              "question": "Romal\u0131lar hangi kabilelerin Kuzey'den istila edece\u011finden korkuyorlard\u0131?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Grainger \u00c7ar\u015f\u0131s\u0131, daha \u00f6nce orjinal olarak 1808 y\u0131l\u0131nda kurulan ve Kasap \u00c7ar\u015f\u0131s\u0131 ad\u0131 verilen bir marketin yerini ald\u0131. Grainger \u00c7ar\u015f\u0131s\u0131'n\u0131n kendisi  1835 y\u0131l\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131 ve Newcastle'\u0131n ilk kapal\u0131 \u00e7ar\u015f\u0131s\u0131yd\u0131. 1835 y\u0131l\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131rada, Avrupa'n\u0131n en geni\u015f ve en g\u00fczel \u00e7ar\u015f\u0131lar\u0131ndan biri oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenir. A\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f 2000 misafirin kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ak\u015fam yeme\u011fi ile kutland\u0131 ve Laing Sanat Galerisi bu etkinli\u011fin bir tablosunu yapt\u0131. 1901 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kan bir yang\u0131n\u0131n tahrip etmesi ve yerine kafes \u00e7elik kemerli ah\u015fap \u00e7at\u0131 ile de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi haricinde, \u00e7ar\u015f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde orijinal durumundad\u0131r. Grainger \u00c7ar\u015f\u0131s\u0131 mimarisi,  \u00e7o\u011fu ya I ya da II. s\u0131n\u0131f olarak listelenmi\u015f Grainger Kasabas\u0131'ndaki gibi, 1954 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130ngiliz Miras\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan I. derece olarak listelenmi\u015ftir.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 67,
                  "text": "Kasap \u00c7ar\u015f\u0131s\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572671e55951b619008f72d7",
              "question": "Grainger \u00c7ar\u015f\u0131s\u0131 hangi \u00f6nceki \u00e7ar\u015f\u0131n\u0131n yerini alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 149,
                  "text": "1835"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572671e55951b619008f72d8",
              "question": "Newcastle'\u0131n ilk kapal\u0131 \u00e7ar\u015f\u0131s\u0131 ne zaman a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 313,
                  "text": "2000"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572671e55951b619008f72d9",
              "question": "Grainger \u00c7ar\u015f\u0131s\u0131'n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n kutland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ak\u015fam yeme\u011fine ka\u00e7 ki\u015fi kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 416,
                  "text": "tablosunu"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572671e55951b619008f72da",
              "question": "Grainger \u00c7ar\u015f\u0131s\u0131'n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 Laing Sanat Galerisi'nde nas\u0131l belgelenmi\u015ftir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 708,
                  "text": "\u0130ngiliz Miras\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572671e55951b619008f72db",
              "question": "1954 y\u0131l\u0131nda Grainger \u00c7ar\u015f\u0131s\u0131 mimarisini 1. derece olarak kim listelemi\u015ftir?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Lindisfarne g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir Tyneside ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 olan bir folk-rock grubudur. En \u00fcnl\u00fc \u015fark\u0131lar\u0131 \"Tyne'de Sis\" (1971), 1990'da Geordie'den eski futbolcu Paul Gascoigne taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.  \u00c7o\u011fu ki\u015fi taraf\u0131ndan black metalin yarat\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olarak kabul edildi ve ekstrem metal sahnesine bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak son derece etkili olan Venom, 1979'da Newcastle'da kuruldu. Genellikle ilk folk metal grubu olarak kabul edilen Skyclad folk metal grubu, Martin Walkyier'in thrash metal grubu Sabbat'\u0131n da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra da Newcastle'da kuruldu. Duran Duran '\u0131n eski ba\u015f gitaristi Andy Taylor, 1961'de burada do\u011fdu. Brian Johnson, AC/DC'nin ba\u015f vokalisti olmadan \u00f6nce yerel rock grubu Geordie'nin bir \u00fcyesiydi.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 51,
                  "text": "folk-rock"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726847f708984140094c8ab",
              "question": "Lindisfarne hangi m\u00fczik t\u00fcr\u00fc olarak s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 104,
                  "text": "1971"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726847f708984140094c8ac",
              "question": "Tyne'deki Sis isimli \u015fark\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u0131l neydi?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 318,
                  "text": "Venom"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726847f708984140094c8ad",
              "question": "Hangi grup ilk black metal grubu olarak kabul edilir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 407,
                  "text": "Skyclad"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726847f708984140094c8ae",
              "question": "Hangi grup ilk folk metal grubu olarak kabul edilir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 526,
                  "text": "Duran Duran"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726847f708984140094c8af",
              "question": "Newcastle as\u0131ll\u0131 Andy Taylor'\u0131n daha \u00f6nceki ba\u015f gitaristi oldu\u011fu grup hangisidir?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "\u015eehir, Tyne ve Wear'in \u00e7o\u011funu kapsayan banliy\u00f6 ve yer alt\u0131 demiryolu sistemi olan Tyne ve Wear Metro taraf\u0131ndan sunulmaktad\u0131r. 1980 ile 1984 aras\u0131nda be\u015f a\u015famada a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131 ve \u0130ngiltere'nin ilk kentsel hafif rayl\u0131 ula\u015f\u0131m sistemiydi; 1991 ve 2002'de iki uzatma a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Newcastle \u015fehir merkezi boyunca in\u015fa edilen  derin seviyelerde t\u00fcnellerle mevcut ve yeni in\u015fa edilen raylar\u0131n ve istasyonlar\u0131n birle\u015fiminden geli\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Tyne'de, Newcastle ve Gateshead aras\u0131nda bir k\u00f6pr\u00fc in\u015fa edildi ve 1981'de Krali\u00e7e II. Elizabeth taraf\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. A\u011f, Nexus ad\u0131na DB Regio taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fletiliyor ve Newcastle Havaalan\u0131, Tynemouth, South Shields ve Sunderland'deki G\u00fcney Hylton'a kadar uzanarak 37 milyondan fazla yolcu ta\u015f\u0131yor. 2004 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Marconi \u015firketi mobil radyo sistemini yeralt\u0131 Metro sistemine g\u00f6re tasarlad\u0131 ve in\u015fa etti. Metro sistemi, \u0130ngiltere'de t\u00fcnellerde cep telefonu anteninin kurulu oldu\u011fu ilk sistemdi.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 82,
                  "text": "Tyne ve Wear Metro"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57268a8fdd62a815002e88ce",
              "question": "Hangi yeralt\u0131 demiryollar\u0131 Tyne ve Wear'in \u00e7o\u011funu kaps\u0131yor?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 150,
                  "text": "be\u015f"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57268a8fdd62a815002e88cf",
              "question": "Metro 1980 ile 1984 aras\u0131nda ka\u00e7 a\u015famada a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 313,
                  "text": "derin seviyelerde"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57268a8fdd62a815002e88d0",
              "question": "Newcastle \u015fehir merkezi boyunca ne t\u00fcr t\u00fcneller in\u015fa ediliyor?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 468,
                  "text": "bir k\u00f6pr\u00fc"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57268a8fdd62a815002e88d1",
              "question": "Krali\u00e7e II. Elizabeth 1981'de Newcastle'da ne a\u00e7t\u0131?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 688,
                  "text": "37 milyondan fazla"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57268a8fdd62a815002e88d2",
              "question": "Newcastle'daki demiryolu a\u011f\u0131 y\u0131lda ka\u00e7 yolcu ta\u015f\u0131yor?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "\u015eehrin iki \u00fcniversitesi bulunmaktad\u0131r - Newcastle \u00dcniversitesi ve Northumbria \u00dcniversitesi. Newcastle \u00dcniversitesi, 1834'te kurulan T\u0131p ve Cerrahi Okulu k\u00f6kenlerine dayanmaktad\u0131r ve Tyne \u00fczerindeki Newcastle \u00dcniversitesi'ni olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in 1 A\u011fustos 1963'te Durham \u00dcniversitesi'nden ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Newcastle \u00dcniversitesi \u015fimdi \u0130ngiltere'nin \u00f6nde gelen uluslararas\u0131 \u00fcniversitelerinden biridir. 2000 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00e7ok takdir edilen Sunday Times Y\u0131l\u0131n \u00dcniversitesi \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fc kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Northumbria \u00dcniversitesi'nin k\u00f6kenleri 1969'da kurulan Newcastle Teknik \u00dcniversitesi'ne dayanmaktad\u0131r ve 1992'de \u0130ngiltere \u00e7ap\u0131nda teknik \u00fcniversitelerin yeni \u00fcniversitelere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesinin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak Newcastle'daki Northumbria \u00dcniversitesi olmu\u015ftur. Northumbria \u00dcniversitesi , The Times gazetesinin 2005 Y\u0131l\u0131 \u0130yi \u00dcniversite Rehberi taraf\u0131ndan \"En \u0130yi Yeni \u00dcniversite\" se\u00e7ilmi\u015ftir ve ayn\u0131 zamanda BT end\u00fcstrisi dergisi programlama taraf\u0131ndan \"En etkin BT organizasyonu\"(Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k'ta) isimli \u00e7ok takdir edilen bir \u015firket \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fc  kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 7,
                  "text": "iki"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57269698dd62a815002e8a6c",
              "question": "Newcastle'\u0131n ka\u00e7 tane \u00fcniversitesi bulunmaktad\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 92,
                  "text": "Newcastle \u00dcniversitesi"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57269698dd62a815002e8a6d",
              "question": "Hangi \u00fcniversitenin k\u00f6keni t\u0131p ve cerrahi ile ilgilenen bir okuldan gelmektedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 422,
                  "text": "Sunday Times Y\u0131l\u0131n \u00dcniversitesi \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fc"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57269698dd62a815002e8a6e",
              "question": "Newcastle \u00dcniversitesi 2000 y\u0131l\u0131nda ne kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 606,
                  "text": "teknik \u00fcniversitelerin yeni \u00fcniversitelere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesinin"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57269698dd62a815002e8a6f",
              "question": "1992\u2019de \u0130ngiltere \u00e7ap\u0131nda ne olmu\u015ftur?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 731,
                  "text": "Northumbria \u00dcniversitesi"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57269698dd62a815002e8a70",
              "question": "En etkin BT organizasyonu \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fc hangi \u00fcniversite kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "title": "Newcastle_upon_Tyne"
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "context": "Victoria ve Albert M\u00fczesi'nin k\u00f6kleri, m\u00fczenin ilk m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc Henry Cole'un planlamaya kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 1851'deki B\u00fcy\u00fck Sergide; ilk ba\u015fta May\u0131s 1852'de Marlborough House'da a\u00e7\u0131lan ancak Eyl\u00fcl ay\u0131nda Somerset House'a ta\u015f\u0131nm\u0131\u015f \u0130malat M\u00fczesi olarak biliniyordu. Bu a\u015famada koleksiyonlar hem uygulamal\u0131 sanat\u0131 hem de bilimi kaps\u0131yordu. Koleksiyonun \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in sergiden sergilenen birka\u00e7 eser sat\u0131n al\u0131nd\u0131. 1854 \u015eubat'\u0131na gelindi\u011finde m\u00fczeyi mevcut b\u00f6lgeye transfer etmek i\u00e7in tart\u0131\u015fmalar ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131 ve G\u00fcney Kensington M\u00fczesi olarak yeniden adland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. 1855 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Alman mimar Gottfried Semper, Cole'un talebi \u00fczerine, m\u00fcze i\u00e7in bir tasar\u0131m \u00fcretti fakat Ticaret Kurulu taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7ok pahal\u0131 olarak reddedildi. B\u00f6lge, Brompton Park House taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fgal edildi; bu, 1857 y\u0131l\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131lan ilk canland\u0131rma odalar\u0131 da dahil olmak \u00fczere geni\u015fletildi; m\u00fcze, d\u00fcnyada b\u00f6yle bir tesis sa\u011flayan ilk \u015fehir olmu\u015ftur.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 93,
                  "text": "1851'deki B\u00fcy\u00fck Sergide"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572685cd5951b619008f7573",
              "question": "Victoria ve Albert M\u00fczesi'nin k\u00f6keni hangi d\u00fcnya sergisindendir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 58,
                  "text": "Henry Cole"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572685cd5951b619008f7574",
              "question": "Victoria ve Albert M\u00fczesi'nin ilk m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc kimdir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 215,
                  "text": "\u0130malat M\u00fczesi"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572685cd5951b619008f7575",
              "question": "M\u00fcze orjinal olarak nas\u0131l adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 189,
                  "text": "Somerset House"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572685cd5951b619008f7576",
              "question": "Victoria ve Albert M\u00fczesi Marlborough Evi'ndeki orijinal konumundan nereye ta\u015f\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 578,
                  "text": "Gottfried Semper"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572685cd5951b619008f7577",
              "question": "Hangi Alman mimardan m\u00fcze i\u00e7in bir tasar\u0131m yapmas\u0131 istenmi\u015ftir?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Uzakdo\u011fu koleksiyonlar\u0131, Do\u011fu Asya \u00fclkelerinden 70.000'den fazla sanat eserini i\u00e7erir: \u00c7in, Japonya ve Kore. \u00c7in sanat\u0131ndan T. T. Tsui Galerisi 1991 y\u0131l\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131 ve Victoria Ve Albert M\u00fczesi'nin \u00c7in'den yakla\u015f\u0131k M\u00d6 4. milenyumdan g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar uzanan 16.000 objesini temsil eden bir koleksiyon sergiledi. Her ne kadar sanat eserlerinin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu Ming ve Qing hanedanlar\u0131ndan kalma tarihte olsa da, Tang hanedan\u0131ndan ve daha \u00f6nceki d\u00f6nemlerden kalma nesnelerin enfes \u00f6rnekleri bulunmaktad\u0131r. G\u00f6ze \u00e7arpar olarak, MS.750\u2019ye tarihinden Buda\u2019n\u0131n bir metre y\u00fcksekli\u011findeki bir bronz kafas\u0131, en eski e\u015fyalardan biri de bir mezardan gelen 2.000 y\u0131ll\u0131k bir ya\u015fl\u0131 beygir at ba\u015f\u0131, di\u011fer heykellerde ya\u015fam boyu mezar koruyucular\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r. Lak, ipek, porselen, ya\u015fl\u0131 beygir ve emaye i\u015fi emayesini i\u00e7eren klasik \u00c7in imalat \u00f6rnekleri g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir. 18. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren ipek tarihte sulu boya ile boyanm\u0131\u015f bir kar\u0131 koca iki ata portreleri. Ming Hanedanl\u0131\u011f\u0131'ndaki Xuande \u0130mparatoru d\u00f6neminde imparatorluk at\u00f6lyelerinde yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f e\u015fsiz bir \u00c7in lake masas\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r. K\u0131yafet \u00f6rnekleri de g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir. En b\u00fcy\u00fck nesnelerden biri 17. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ortalar\u0131ndan kalma bir yatakt\u0131r. \u00c7a\u011fda\u015f \u00c7inli tasar\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 da sergilenmi\u015ftir.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 48,
                  "text": "70.000'den fazla"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726bf325951b619008f7cfd",
              "question": "Uzakdo\u011fu koleksiyonlar\u0131nda yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak ka\u00e7 tane sanat eseri yer almaktad\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 87,
                  "text": "\u00c7in, Japonya ve Kore"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726bf325951b619008f7cfe",
              "question": "Uzakdo\u011fu koleksiyonlar\u0131nda hangi \u00fclkeler temsil edilmektedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 124,
                  "text": "T. T. Tsui Galerisi"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726bf325951b619008f7cff",
              "question": "\u00c7in sanat\u0131na adanm\u0131\u015f galerinin ad\u0131 nedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 144,
                  "text": "1991"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726bf325951b619008f7d00",
              "question": "\u00c7in sanat\u0131na adanm\u0131\u015f olan galeri hangi y\u0131lda a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 355,
                  "text": "Ming ve Qing"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726bf325951b619008f7d01",
              "question": "Uzakdo\u011fu koleksiyonlar\u0131ndaki \u00c7in sanat eserlerinin \u00e7o\u011fu hangi iki hanedandan gelmektedir?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Kost\u00fcm koleksiyonu, \u00e7o\u011funlukla 1600'den g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar gelen 14.000'den fazla k\u0131yafet art\u0131 aksesuar\u0131 i\u00e7eren \u0130ngiltere'deki en kapsaml\u0131 oland\u0131r. Kost\u00fcm taslaklar\u0131, tasar\u0131m defterleri ve ka\u011f\u0131t \u00fczerindeki di\u011fer eserler genellikle S\u00f6z ve \u015eekil departman\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fczenlenir. \u00d6nceki d\u00f6nemlerden g\u00fcnl\u00fck giysiler genel olarak hayatta kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, koleksiyonda \u00f6zel g\u00fcnler i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan moda k\u0131yafetler hakimdir. Kost\u00fcmlerin ilk \u00f6nemli arma\u011fanlar\u0131ndan biri 1913 y\u0131l\u0131nda Victoria Ve Albert M\u00fczesi yak\u0131ndaki ma\u011fazada sergilenmesini takiben Harrods'tan 1.442 kost\u00fcm ve e\u015fya i\u00e7eren Talbot Hughes koleksiyonunu ald\u0131\u011f\u0131nda gelmi\u015ftir.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 61,
                  "text": "14.000'den fazla"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726e37ef1498d1400e8eed8",
              "question": "Victoria Ve Albert M\u00fczesi'nin kost\u00fcm koleksiyonunda yakla\u015f\u0131k ka\u00e7 \u00f6\u011fe bulunmaktad\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 227,
                  "text": "S\u00f6z ve \u015eekil"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726e37ef1498d1400e8eed9",
              "question": "Hangi departman kost\u00fcm koleksiyonunun ka\u011f\u0131t \u00fczerindeki eserlerine ev sahipli\u011fi yapmaktad\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 274,
                  "text": "\u00d6nceki d\u00f6nemlerden g\u00fcnl\u00fck giysiler genel olarak hayatta kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726e37ef1498d1400e8eeda",
              "question": "Koleksiyon neden \u00f6zel g\u00fcnler i\u00e7in \u00fcretilen moda k\u0131yafetlerin hakimiyetindedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 453,
                  "text": "1913"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726e37ef1498d1400e8eedb",
              "question": "Victoria Ve Albert M\u00fczesi hangi y\u0131lda Talbot Hughes koleksiyonunu alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 534,
                  "text": "Harrods"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726e37ef1498d1400e8eedc",
              "question": "Talbot Hughes koleksiyonu hangi \u015firketten hediye edilmi\u015ftir?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "M\u00fczik Enstr\u00fcmanlar\u0131 galerisi 25 \u015eubat 2010'da olduk\u00e7a tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 bir kararla kapand\u0131. Parlamento web sitesinde bulunan 5.100'den fazla ismin yaz\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011fu bir \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i dilek\u00e7e Chris Smith\u2019e Parlamento\u2019nun koleksiyonun gelece\u011fini sormas\u0131na yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bryan Davies'in cevab\u0131, m\u00fczen koleksiyonlar\u0131 korumak ve koleksiyonlarla ilgilenmek ve halka a\u00e7\u0131k tutmak amac\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131r olmu\u015ftur. M\u00fczeler, \u0130ngiliz Galerilerine, Orta\u00e7a\u011f ve R\u00f6nesans Galerilerine ve Mobilya i\u00e7in planlanan yeni galerilere ve Avrupa'ya 1600\u20131800 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yeniden da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve Horniman M\u00fczesi ve di\u011fer kurumlar, enstr\u00fcmanlar\u0131n halka a\u00e7\u0131k bir \u015fekilde g\u00f6r\u00fclebilmesini sa\u011flamak ad\u0131na maddi krediler i\u00e7in olas\u0131 adayd\u0131rlar. Horniman, Victoria Ve Albert M\u00fczesi m\u00fczik enstr\u00fcmanlar\u0131 ile ortak bir sergiye ev sahipli\u011fi yapmaya devam etti ve m\u00fczeden 35 enstr\u00fcman \u00f6d\u00fcn\u00e7 ald\u0131.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 119,
                  "text": "5.100'den fazla"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726f1ec708984140094d6aa",
              "question": "M\u00fczik Enstr\u00fcmanlar\u0131 galerisinin kapanmas\u0131na cevaben Parlamento web sitesinde bir \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i dilek\u00e7ede yakla\u015f\u0131k ka\u00e7 isim imzalanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 254,
                  "text": "Bryan Davies"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726f1ec708984140094d6ad",
              "question": "Hangi Parlamento \u00dcyesi m\u00fczenin koleksiyonunu nas\u0131l koruyaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve halka a\u00e7\u0131k tutaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 553,
                  "text": "Horniman M\u00fczesi"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726f1ec708984140094d6ab",
              "question": "Hangi m\u00fcze M\u00fczik Enstr\u00fcmanlar\u0131 galerisinden \u00f6\u011feleri \u00f6d\u00fcn\u00e7 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 816,
                  "text": "35"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726f1ec708984140094d6ac",
              "question": "Horniman M\u00fczesi'ne yakla\u015f\u0131k ka\u00e7 m\u00fczik enstr\u00fcman\u0131 \u00f6d\u00fcn\u00e7 verilmi\u015ftir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 38,
                  "text": "2010"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726f1ec708984140094d6a9",
              "question": "M\u00fczik Enstr\u00fcmanlar\u0131 galerisi hangi y\u0131lda kapat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "1857 y\u0131l\u0131nda John Sheepshanks, \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f \u0130ngiliz sanat\u00e7\u0131lara ait 233 tablo ve Tate Britain taraf\u0131ndan \u00fcstlenilen bir rol olan \u201cBir Ulusal \u0130ngiliz Sanat Galerisi\u201d olu\u015fturmak amac\u0131yla m\u00fczeye benzer say\u0131da \u00e7izim ba\u011f\u0131\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; temsil edilen sanat\u00e7\u0131lar William Blake, James Barry, Henry Fuseli, Sir Edwin Henry Landseer, Sir David Wilkie, William Mulready, William Powell Frith, Millais ve Hippolyte Delaroche. Constable'\u0131n eserlerinin baz\u0131lar\u0131 Sheepshanks'in vasiyeti \u00fczerine m\u00fczeye gelmesine ra\u011fmen, sanat\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n eserlerinin \u00e7o\u011fu \u00f6nem te\u015fkil eden 1821 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n en \u00f6nemlisi olan Saman Arabas\u0131 ya\u011fl\u0131 eskizinin tam boyutunun bulundu\u011fu \u00e7ok say\u0131da eskiz de dahil olmak \u00fczere k\u0131z\u0131 Isabel taraf\u0131ndan 1888'de ba\u011f\u0131\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Koleksiyondaki di\u011fer sanat\u00e7\u0131lar \u015fu isimleri i\u00e7ermektedir: Bernardino Fungai, Gen\u00e7 Marcus Gheeraerts, Domenico di Pace Beccafumi, Fioravante Ferramola, Ya\u015fl\u0131 Jan Brueghel, Anthony van Dyck, Ludovico Carracci, Antonio Verrio, Giovanni Battista Tiepolo, Domenico Tiepolo, Canaletto, Francis Hayman, Pompeo Batoni, Benjamin West, Paul Sandby, Richard Wilson, William Etty, Henry Fuseli, Sir Thomas Lawrence, James Barry, Francis Danby, Richard Parkes Bonington ve Alphonse Legros.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 0,
                  "text": "1857"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726f4a0708984140094d6e9",
              "question": "John Sheepshanks hangi y\u0131lda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir resim koleksiyonu ba\u011f\u0131\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 72,
                  "text": "233"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726f4a0708984140094d6ea",
              "question": "John Sheeshanks m\u00fczeye ka\u00e7 tablo vermi\u015ftir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 133,
                  "text": "\u201cBir Ulusal \u0130ngiliz Sanat Galerisi\u201d olu\u015fturmak"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726f4a0708984140094d6eb",
              "question": "John Sheepshanks\u2019in m\u00fcze i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli vasiyetinin hedefi neydi?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 580,
                  "text": "Saman Arabas\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726f4a0708984140094d6ec",
              "question": "Hangi \u00fcnl\u00fc \u0130ngiliz tablonun 1821 y\u0131l\u0131na ait tam boyut ya\u011fl\u0131 eskizi John Sheepshank'\u0131n k\u0131z\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan 1888 y\u0131l\u0131nda ba\u011f\u0131\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 48,
                  "text": "\u0130ngiliz"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726f4a0708984140094d6ed",
              "question": "John Sheepshanks taraf\u0131ndan ba\u011f\u0131\u015flanan tablolar hangi milletten sanat\u00e7\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "title": "Victoria_and_Albert_Museum"
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "context": "ABC, 2000 y\u0131l\u0131nda, \"nokta\" olarak da adland\u0131r\u0131lan \u00e7ember logosu etraf\u0131nda odaklanm\u0131\u015f, ayr\u0131ca \u00e7izgi roman karakteri K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Nokta'n\u0131n ziyaret\u00e7ilerini ABC logosunun ekran\u0131n etraf\u0131nda u\u00e7up ekran\u0131n sa\u011f alt k\u00f6\u015fesine yerle\u015fmesine neden olacak bir program olan \"noktay\u0131 indir\" melerini sa\u011flayan web tabanl\u0131 bir tan\u0131t\u0131m kampanyas\u0131 ba\u015flatt\u0131. A\u011f, logosunun siyah ve sar\u0131 rengini kullanmaya devam eden ve tan\u0131t\u0131c\u0131 ve kimlik belirleme yerlerinde \u00e7e\u015fitli noktalar ve \u00e7izgiler i\u00e7eren 2001\u201302 kimli\u011fini tasarlamak ve \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in Troika Design Group'u i\u015fe ald\u0131.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 50,
                  "text": "\u00e7ember logosu"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572734af708984140094dae3",
              "question": "ABC, 200 y\u0131l\u0131nda, neye odaklanan internet tabanl\u0131 bir kampanya ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 513,
                  "text": "Troika Design Group'u"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572734af708984140094dae4",
              "question": "ABC'nin 2001-02 kimli\u011fini \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in kim i\u015fe al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 345,
                  "text": "siyah ve sar\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572734af708984140094dae5",
              "question": "2001 y\u0131l\u0131nda ABC'nin logosu hangi renklerdeydi?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 20,
                  "text": "nokta"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572734af708984140094dae6",
              "question": "2000 y\u0131l\u0131 kampanyas\u0131ndaki ABC\u2019nin logosunun takma ad\u0131 nedir?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "A\u011f, 1998 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Pittard Sullivan taraf\u0131ndan tasarlanan, sar\u0131 zemin \u00fczerine k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck siyah beyaz bir \"ABC \u00c7emberi\" logosu bulunan ve sadelikten yana olan bir grafik kimli\u011fini kullanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131 (bu s\u00fcre zarf\u0131ndaki promosyonlar, zaman dilimi kart\u0131 s\u00fcresince programlar\u0131n\u0131n y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n\u0131n bir dizi foto\u011fraf\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra her gecenin esas zaman \u00e7izgisini ba\u015flatan zaman \u00e7izelgesi dizisini de i\u00e7eriyordu). A\u011f\u0131n, bu y\u0131l ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \"TV'yi seviyoruz\" imaj kampanyas\u0131na dayanan paketin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, CBS'in \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00fc\u00e7 nota ses i\u015faretleri(2000'den beri kullan\u0131lan mevcut s\u00fcr\u00fcm de dahil olmak \u00fczere) ve Fox Giri\u015f M\u00fczi\u011fi NBC \u00e7anlar\u0131 ile e\u015fit d\u00fczeyde bir ses imzas\u0131 olu\u015fturarak, yeni bir d\u00f6rt nota melodisi tan\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. D\u00f6rt nota imza, sonras\u0131ndaki her televizyon sezonunda g\u00fcncellenmi\u015ftir (1998\u201399 sezonundan bu yana kullan\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fkenlerin \u00e7o\u011fu program\u0131n kapan\u0131\u015f kredilerini takiben g\u00f6sterilen prod\u00fcksiyon \u015firketi \u00f6zel kartlar\u0131nda kullan\u0131mda kalmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen). ABC, 2015 sonbahar\u0131nda, on yedi y\u0131ldan sonra programlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funun kapan\u0131\u015f kredilerini takiben promosyonlar ve prod\u00fcksiyon \u015firketi \u00f6zel kartlar\u0131 i\u00e7in 1998-2002 d\u00f6rt notal\u0131 \u00e7an sesini durdurdu, \u015fimdi farkl\u0131 ve macera tipi bir m\u00fczi\u011fi bulunuyor(Sonunda a\u011f\u0131n d\u00f6rt nota imzas\u0131n\u0131n davullar\u0131 ile). Eski d\u00f6rt nota melodisi ayar\u0131 hala ABC on Demand taraf\u0131ndan ABC g\u00f6sterisinin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131na do\u011fru kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 18,
                  "text": "Pittard Sullivan"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572735a15951b619008f86bf",
              "question": "ABC'nin 1998 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki yeni grafik tasar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 kim tasarlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 953,
                  "text": "2015"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572735a15951b619008f86c0",
              "question": "ABC hangi y\u0131lda tan\u0131t\u0131m i\u00e7in d\u00f6rt notal\u0131 \u00e7an sesi kullanmay\u0131 b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 424,
                  "text": "TV'yi seviyoruz"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572735a15951b619008f86c1",
              "question": "ABC i\u00e7in d\u00f6rt nota yeni \u00e7an sesi hangi imaj kampanyas\u0131na dayan\u0131yordu?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 1275,
                  "text": "ABC on Demand"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572735a15951b619008f86c2",
              "question": "ABC d\u00f6rt notal\u0131 \u00e7an sesi hala nerede kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Ancak, ABC ve UPT taraf\u0131ndan al\u0131nan talimatlarla ilgili bir sorun ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. 1950 y\u0131l\u0131nda Noble, Robert Kintner'i 1958'de \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne kadar devam edecek olan ABC'nin ba\u015fkan\u0131 olarak atad\u0131 ve kendisinin CEO'su olarak g\u00f6rev yapt\u0131. ABC ile UPT aras\u0131nda m\u00fcdahalede bulunmama s\u00f6z\u00fcne ra\u011fmen, Goldenson, finansal sorunlar\u0131n ve FCC'nin karars\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n uzun s\u00fcrmesi sebebiyle ABC'nin kararlar\u0131na m\u00fcdahale etmek zorunda kald\u0131. Goldenson, Ekim 1954'te, UPT ile yine finansal sorunlara batm\u0131\u015f olan DuMont Televizyon A\u011f\u0131, aras\u0131nda birle\u015fme teklif etti\u011fi zaman karga\u015fay\u0131 art\u0131rd\u0131. Bu birle\u015fmenin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak, a\u011f be\u015f y\u0131l boyunca \"ABC-DuMont\" olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olacak ve DuMont 5 milyon dolar nakit paraya, mevcut DuMont programlamas\u0131 i\u00e7in odaya ve DuMont Laboratories al\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131na garantili reklam s\u00fcresine sahip olacakt\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca FCC m\u00fclkiyet k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131na uymak i\u00e7in, New York City pazar\u0131nda ya WABC-TV ya da DuMont'un sahip oldu\u011fu ve i\u015fletti\u011fi WABD istasyonunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra di\u011fer iki istasyonun da sat\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekecekti. Birle\u015ftirilmi\u015f ABC-DuMont, CBS ve NBC ile rekabet edebilecek kaynaklara sahip olacakt\u0131.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 100,
                  "text": "Robert Kintner"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57273f9d708984140094db51",
              "question": "1950'de Noble taraf\u0131ndan ABC'nin ba\u015fkan\u0131 olarak kim atanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 484,
                  "text": "DuMont Televizyon A\u011f\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57273f9d708984140094db52",
              "question": "Goldenson, Ekim 1954'te UPT ve hangi a\u011f aras\u0131nda bir birle\u015fme \u00f6nermi\u015ftir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 619,
                  "text": "ABC-DuMont"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57273f9d708984140094db53",
              "question": "Goldenson'\u0131n birle\u015fme plan\u0131na g\u00f6re, yeni kurulu\u015fun ad\u0131 ne olacakt\u0131?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 669,
                  "text": "5 milyon dolar nakit paraya"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57273f9d708984140094db54",
              "question": "Goldenson'\u0131n birle\u015fme plan\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda DuMont Televizyon A\u011f\u0131'na ne kadar para akacakt\u0131?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "1970'lerin ba\u015f\u0131nda, ABC renge ge\u00e7i\u015fini tamamlad\u0131; CBS ve NBCa\u011fda ilk s\u0131raya yerle\u015fmeye ba\u015flayaca\u011f\u0131ndan bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak bu on y\u0131l ABC i\u00e7in bir d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131 olacakt\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca, reklam alanlar\u0131n\u0131n ne t\u00fcr sponsorlara sat\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 daha iyi belirlemek i\u00e7in davran\u0131\u015fsal ve demografik verileri kullanmaya ve belirli izleyicilere hitap edecek programlamay\u0131 sa\u011flamaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. ABC'nin izleyici pay\u0131ndaki kazan\u0131mlar\u0131, baz\u0131 daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck pazarlar\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck a\u011f\u0131n hepsinden tam zamanl\u0131 ili\u015fkilere izin verecek geni\u015flikte b\u00fcy\u00fcmesiyle \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde desteklenmi\u015ftir.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 0,
                  "text": "1970'lerin"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572743fb708984140094db93",
              "question": "ABC hangi on y\u0131lda renge ge\u00e7i\u015fi tamamlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 20,
                  "text": "ABC"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572743fb708984140094db94",
              "question": "1970'ler, hangi a\u011f\u0131n reytinglerde ilk s\u0131raya yerle\u015fmesine izin vermi\u015ftir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 251,
                  "text": "davran\u0131\u015fsal ve demografik"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572743fb708984140094db95",
              "question": "ABC, 1970'lerde reklamlar\u0131 daha iyi hedeflemek ve belirli kitlelere y\u00f6nelik programlama yapmak i\u00e7in ne t\u00fcr veriler kullanmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "ABC, 1970'lerde ve 1980'lerin ba\u015f\u0131nda Amerikan televizyonuna h\u00fckmediyordu (1980'de, \u00fc\u00e7 b\u00fcy\u00fck a\u011f ABD'deki t\u00fcm televizyon alt\u0131n saatlerinin % 90 '\u0131n\u0131  temsil ediyordu). Bu s\u00fcre zarf\u0131nda, Spelling'in di\u011fer ABC hit dizisi olan Charlie'nin Melekleri'nin bitmesinden be\u015f ay \u00f6nce 1981'de bir orta sezon dizisi olarak ilk g\u00f6steriminde hit olan Aaron Spelling'in zengin bir drama dizisi olan Hanedan da dahil olmak \u00fczere bir\u00e7ok en \u00f6nde giden dizi a\u011fda sahne al\u0131yordu. A\u011f ayn\u0131 zamanda 1980'lerin ba\u015f\u0131nda Mutlu G\u00fcnler, Three's Company, Laverne ve Shirley ve Hayal Adas\u0131'ndaki ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n devam etmesiyle g\u00fc\u00e7lendi ve Comfort, Soap uyarlamas\u0131 Benson ve Mutlu G\u00fcnler uyarlamas\u0131 Mork ve Mindy i\u00e7in Too Close'da yeni hitler kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. ABC (ABC Video Servisleri b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla), 1981 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Nickelodeon kanal alan\u0131 \u00fczerinde gece hizmeti yapan ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve sanat programlar\u0131n\u0131 sunan Hearst Corporation ile ortak giri\u015fim olarak i\u015fletilen bir kablo kanal\u0131 olan Alpha Repertory Television Service (ARTS) hizmetini ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. ",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 138,
                  "text": "% 90"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57276166dd62a815002e9bd8",
              "question": "\u00dc\u00e7 b\u00fcy\u00fck a\u011f 1980 y\u0131l\u0131nda TV alt\u0131n saatler izleyicisinin y\u00fczde ka\u00e7\u0131yd\u0131?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 383,
                  "text": "Hanedan"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57276166dd62a815002e9bd9",
              "question": "Aaron Spelling'in hangi drama dizisi 80'lerde ABC'de ilk defa g\u00f6sterime girmi\u015ftir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 666,
                  "text": "Mork ve Mindy"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57276166dd62a815002e9bda",
              "question": "1980'lerde ABC \u00fczerinde ilk defa g\u00f6sterime giren Mutlu G\u00fcnler uyarlamas\u0131 neydi?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 952,
                  "text": "Alpha Repertory Television Service (ARTS)"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57276166dd62a815002e9bdb",
              "question": "ABC 1981 y\u0131l\u0131nda k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve sanat program\u0131na odaklanan hangi kanal\u0131 ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "title": "American_Broadcasting_Company"
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "context": "Babas\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan daha \u00f6nce planland\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi Temu\u00e7in, kabileleri aras\u0131ndaki ittifaklar\u0131 peki\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in, 16 ya\u015flar\u0131ndayken Kungrat kabilesinden B\u00f6rte ile evlendi. Temu\u00e7in ile evlenmesinden k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra, B\u00f6rte Merkitler taraf\u0131ndan ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131 ve s\u00f6ylentilere g\u00f6re birine e\u015f olarak verildi. Temu\u00e7in, arkada\u015f\u0131 ve ayn\u0131 zamanda gelecekte rakibi olacak olan Camuka'n\u0131n ve koruyucusu Kerait kabilesinden Tu\u011frul Han'\u0131n yard\u0131m\u0131 ile onu kurtard\u0131. B\u00f6rte, dokuz ay sonra, babas\u0131n\u0131n kim oldu\u011fu \u015f\u00fcpheli olan Cuci (1185\u20131226) ad\u0131nda bir erkek \u00e7ocuk d\u00fcnyaya getirdi. Cuci hakk\u0131ndaki dedikodulara ra\u011fmen, Temu\u00e7in alt s\u0131n\u0131ftan birka\u00e7 kad\u0131n alarak gelene\u011fi takip etmi\u015f olsa da, tek imparatori\u00e7esi B\u00f6rte olacakt\u0131.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 124,
                  "text": "Kungrat"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726a8d4dd62a815002e8c34",
              "question": "Temu\u00e7in'in 16 ya\u015flar\u0131nda evlendi\u011fi kad\u0131n\u0131n kabilesi neydi?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 217,
                  "text": "Merkitler"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726a8d4dd62a815002e8c35",
              "question": "Temu\u00e7in'in ilk kar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 evlendikten k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra kim ka\u00e7\u0131rd\u0131?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 358,
                  "text": "Camuka'n\u0131n ve koruyucusu Kerait kabilesinden Tu\u011frul Han'\u0131n"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726a8d4dd62a815002e8c36",
              "question": "Temu\u00e7in'in kar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 Merkitlerden kurtarmas\u0131na kim yard\u0131m etti?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 500,
                  "text": "Cuci"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726a8d4dd62a815002e8c37",
              "question": "Temu\u00e7in'in kar\u0131s\u0131 B\u00f6rte'nin ilk o\u011flunun ad\u0131 neydi?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 506,
                  "text": "1185"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726a8d4dd62a815002e8c38",
              "question": "B\u00f6rte Cuci'yi hangi y\u0131lda d\u00fcnyaya getirdi?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Camuka ve Temu\u00e7in'in aras\u0131ndaki arkada\u015fl\u0131k ba\u011flar\u0131 kopunca, her biri g\u00fc\u00e7 toplamaya ba\u015flad\u0131 ve k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra rakip oldular. Camuka, geleneksel Mo\u011fol aristokrasisini desteklerken, Temu\u00e7in meritokratik bir y\u00f6ntem izleyerek daha geni\u015f, ancak daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131n\u0131ftan bir kitle olu\u015fturdu. Merkitleri daha \u00f6nce yenilgiye u\u011fratm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 ve \u015faman Kokochu'nun Ebedi Mavi G\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fc'n\u00fcn d\u00fcnyay\u0131 Temu\u00e7in'e adad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilan etmesiyle birlikte, Temu\u00e7in iktidara y\u00fckselmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. 1186'da, Temu\u00e7in Mo\u011fol han\u0131 se\u00e7ildi. Ancak, Temu\u00e7in'in h\u0131zl\u0131 y\u00fckseli\u015fiyle tehdit alt\u0131nda kalan Camuka, Temu\u00e7in'in h\u0131rslar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7mek i\u00e7in hemen harekete ge\u00e7ti. 1187'de eski arkada\u015f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 otuz bin askeri birlikten olu\u015fan ordusuyla bir sald\u0131r\u0131 ba\u015flatt\u0131. Temu\u00e7in, sald\u0131r\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131 savunmak i\u00e7in kitlesini apar topar bir araya getirdi, ancak Dalan Balcut Sava\u015f\u0131'nda net bir yenilgi ald\u0131. Camuka insanlar\u0131 olduk\u00e7a deh\u015fete d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrd\u00fc ve yetmi\u015f gen\u00e7 erkek tutsa\u011f\u0131 kazanlarda diri diri kaynatarak, potansiyel kitlesinin \u00e7o\u011funu uzakla\u015ft\u0131rarak ve Temu\u00e7in'e sempati uyand\u0131rarak imaj\u0131na zarar verdi. Temu\u00e7in'in koruyucusu olan Tu\u011frul, Karah\u0131tay'a s\u00fcrg\u00fcne g\u00f6nderildi. Gelecek on y\u0131l i\u00e7in Temu\u00e7in'in hayat\u0131 \u00e7ok net de\u011fil, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc tarihi kay\u0131tlar o d\u00f6nemde \u00e7o\u011funlukla yetersiz kal\u0131yor.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 137,
                  "text": "geleneksel Mo\u011fol aristokrasisini"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726acc1f1498d1400e8e6ca",
              "question": "Camuka, Temu\u00e7in'in kitlesinden olmayan kimleri destekledi?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 341,
                  "text": "Kokochu'nun"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726acc1f1498d1400e8e6cb",
              "question": "Hangi \u015faman\u0131n ilan\u0131 Temu\u00e7in'in y\u00fckseli\u015fine yard\u0131mc\u0131 oldu?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 466,
                  "text": "1186'da"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726acc1f1498d1400e8e6cc",
              "question": "Temu\u00e7in ne zaman Mo\u011fol han\u0131 se\u00e7ildi?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 812,
                  "text": "Dalan Balcut Sava\u015f\u0131'nda"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726acc1f1498d1400e8e6cd",
              "question": "Temu\u00e7in, han olarak se\u00e7ildikten k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra Camuka'ya kar\u015f\u0131 hangi sava\u015f\u0131 kaybetti?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 1094,
                  "text": "Karah\u0131tay'a"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726acc1f1498d1400e8e6ce",
              "question": "Temu\u00e7in'in koruyucusu Tu\u011frul nereye s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edildi?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "1939'da Milliyet\u00e7i \u00c7inli askerler, t\u00fcrbeyi Japon birliklerinden korumak i\u00e7in Mo\u011folistan\u2019daki \"Lord\u2019un Muhafazas\u0131\" (Mo\u011folca: Edsen Khoroo) konumundan ald\u0131lar. T\u00fcrbe, Yan'an'daki Kom\u00fcnist topraklar\u0131ndan yakla\u015f\u0131k 900 km boyunca at arabalar\u0131yla, bir Budist manast\u0131r\u0131 olan Dongshan Dafo Dian'a ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131, burada 10 y\u0131l boyunca kald\u0131. 1949'da, Kom\u00fcnist birlikler ilerledik\u00e7e, Milliyet\u00e7i askerler onu, 200 km daha Bat\u0131'ya, sonradan Kom\u00fcnist kontrol\u00fc alt\u0131na giren \u00fcnl\u00fc Tibet manast\u0131r\u0131 Kumbum Manast\u0131r\u0131 veya Xining yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndaki Ta'er Shi\u2019ye g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fcler. 1954\u2019\u00fcn ba\u015flar\u0131nda, Cengiz Han'\u0131n tabutu ve kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131, Mo\u011folistan'daki \"Lord'un Muhafazas\u0131\"na geri g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. 1956'da ise onlar\u0131 bar\u0131nd\u0131racak yeni bir tap\u0131nak in\u015fa edildi. 1968'de K\u00fclt\u00fcr Devrimi esnas\u0131nda, K\u0131z\u0131l Muhaf\u0131zlar hemen hemen her de\u011feri tahrip etti. \"Kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\" 1970'lerde yenilendi ve 1989'da Cengiz'in b\u00fcy\u00fck mermer bir heykelinin yap\u0131m\u0131 tamamland\u0131.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 124,
                  "text": "Edsen Khoroo"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57273455f1498d1400e8f48c",
              "question": "Cengiz Han T\u00fcrbesi'nin orijinal yerinin Mo\u011folca ad\u0131 nedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 268,
                  "text": "Dongshan Dafo Dian'a"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57273455f1498d1400e8f48d",
              "question": "Japon i\u015fgali s\u0131ras\u0131nda hangi Budist manast\u0131r\u0131 Cengiz Han T\u00fcrbesi'ne ev sahipli\u011fi yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 475,
                  "text": "Kumbum Manast\u0131r\u0131 veya Xining yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndaki Ta'er Shi\u2019ye"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57273455f1498d1400e8f48e",
              "question": "\u00c7in Milliyet\u00e7ileri, t\u00fcrbeyi ilerleyen \u00c7in Kom\u00fcnist g\u00fc\u00e7lerinden ka\u00e7\u0131rmak i\u00e7in nereye ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131lar?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 544,
                  "text": "1954\u2019\u00fcn"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57273455f1498d1400e8f48f",
              "question": "T\u00fcrbe, Mo\u011folistan'da \"Lord'un Muhafazas\u0131\"na ne zaman geri d\u00f6nd\u00fc?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 752,
                  "text": "K\u0131z\u0131l Muhaf\u0131zlar"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57273455f1498d1400e8f490",
              "question": "K\u00fclt\u00fcr Devrimi s\u0131ras\u0131nda t\u00fcrbedeki en de\u011ferli kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 kim tahrip etti?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Bilinenin aksine, Cengiz Han, Mo\u011fol \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu'nun en geni\u015f s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131na kadar olan t\u00fcm b\u00f6lgeleri fethetmedi. Cengiz Han'\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc esnas\u0131nda, Mo\u011fol \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu Hazar Denizi'nden Japon Denizi'ne kadar uzan\u0131yordu. \u0130mparatorlu\u011fun geni\u015flemesi, 1227'de Cengiz'in \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra bir veya daha fazla nesil boyunca devam etti. Cengiz'in halefi \u00d6geday Han zaman\u0131nda geni\u015fleme h\u0131z\u0131 zirveye ula\u015ft\u0131. Mo\u011fol ordular\u0131 \u0130ran'a dayand\u0131, Bat\u0131 Xia'y\u0131 ve Harezmilerin kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 bitirdi. \u00c7in'in imparator hanedan\u0131 Song hanedan\u0131yla m\u00fccadeleye girdiler ve 1279 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar s\u00fcren sava\u015f Mo\u011follar\u0131n t\u00fcm \u00c7in'in kontrol\u00fcn\u00fc ele ge\u00e7irmesiyle sonu\u00e7land\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca Rusya ve Do\u011fu Avrupa y\u00f6n\u00fcnde daha da ilerlediler.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 181,
                  "text": "Japon Denizi'ne"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57273dccdd62a815002e99fa",
              "question": "Cengiz Han \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, imparatorlu\u011funun do\u011fu s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 olan deniz hangisiydi?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 163,
                  "text": "Hazar Denizi'nden"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57273dccdd62a815002e99fb",
              "question": "Cengiz Han \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde Mo\u011fol \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu'nun bat\u0131s\u0131nda hangi su kayna\u011f\u0131 vard\u0131?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 340,
                  "text": "\u00d6geday Han"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57273dccdd62a815002e99fc",
              "question": "Mo\u011fol \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu en h\u0131zl\u0131 geni\u015flemesine kimin \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde ula\u015ft\u0131?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 540,
                  "text": "1279"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57273dccdd62a815002e99fd",
              "question": "Song hanedan\u0131yla olan m\u00fccadele hangi y\u0131l sona erdi?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Di\u011fer yerlerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Ba\u011fdat, Semerkant, Urgen\u00e7, Kiev ve Vladimir'in i\u015fgali, g\u00fcney Huzistan'\u0131n baz\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n tamamen tahrip edildi\u011finde oldu\u011fu gibi toplu \u00f6l\u00fcmlere yol a\u00e7t\u0131. Torunu H\u00fclag\u00fc Han, \u0130ran'\u0131n kuzey k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc tahrip etti ve kuvvetlerinin M\u0131s\u0131r Meml\u00fckleri taraf\u0131ndan durdurulmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen Ba\u011fdat'\u0131 ya\u011fmalad\u0131. Ancak H\u00fclag\u00fc'n\u00fcn torunu Gazan Han, M\u0131s\u0131r Meml\u00fckleri'ni Levant, Filistin ve hatta Gazze'den att\u0131. \u0130ranl\u0131 tarih\u00e7i Re\u015f\u00eed\u00fcdd\u00een Fazlullah-\u0131 Hemed\u00e2n\u00ee'nin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na g\u00f6re, Mo\u011follar Merv'de 70.000'den fazla ki\u015fi, Ni\u015fabur'da ise 190.000'den fazla ki\u015fi \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc. 1237'de Cengiz Han'\u0131n torunu Batu Han, Kiev Knezli\u011fi'ne bir i\u015fgal ba\u015flatt\u0131. \u00dc\u00e7 y\u0131l boyunca, Mo\u011follar Novgorod ve Pskov d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Do\u011fu Avrupa\u2019daki t\u00fcm b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehirleri tahrip etti ve ortadan kald\u0131rd\u0131.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 187,
                  "text": "H\u00fclag\u00fc Han"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572754cd5951b619008f8863",
              "question": "Cengiz Han'\u0131n hangi torunu Ba\u011fdat'\u0131 ya\u011fmalad\u0131?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 270,
                  "text": "M\u0131s\u0131r Meml\u00fckleri"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572754cd5951b619008f8864",
              "question": "H\u00fclag\u00fc Han\u2019\u0131n Orta Do\u011fu\u2019daki ilerlemesini kim durdurdu?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 364,
                  "text": "Gazan Han"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572754cd5951b619008f8865",
              "question": "Cengiz Han'\u0131n hangi torunu Meml\u00fckleri Filistin'in d\u0131\u015f\u0131na att\u0131?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 595,
                  "text": "1237'de"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572754cd5951b619008f8866",
              "question": "Cengiz Han'\u0131n torunu hangi y\u0131lda Kiev Knezli\u011fi'ni i\u015fgal etti?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 696,
                  "text": "Novgorod ve Pskov"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572754cd5951b619008f8867",
              "question": "Do\u011fu Avrupa'daki hangi b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehirler Mo\u011fol istilas\u0131nda tahrip edilmedi?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "title": "Genghis_Khan"
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "context": "\u0130ngiltere'de bir Eczane Teknisyeni sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetleri uzman\u0131 olarak kabul edilir ve genellikle bir eczac\u0131n\u0131n do\u011frudan g\u00f6zetimi alt\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaz (bir hastane eczanesinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorsa), ancak bunun yerine di\u011fer k\u0131demli eczane teknisyenleri taraf\u0131ndan denetlenir ve y\u00f6netilir. \u0130ngiltere'de eczane teknisyenlerinin rol\u00fc artm\u0131\u015f ve eczac\u0131lar\u0131n ila\u00e7 dan\u0131\u015fmanlar\u0131 olarak hastalarla daha fazla vakit ge\u00e7irerek uzmanl\u0131k alanlar\u0131na ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara yo\u011funla\u015fmalar\u0131na olanak sa\u011flayacak \u015fekilde eczane departman\u0131n\u0131 ve eczane uygulamalar\u0131ndaki uzmanl\u0131k alanlar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6netme sorumlulu\u011fu kendilerine b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Diplomal\u0131 bir eczane teknisyeni, Genel Eczac\u0131l\u0131k Konseyi'ne (GPhC) uzman olarak kay\u0131t yapt\u0131rmak zorundad\u0131r. GPhC, eczane sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetleri uzmanlar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00f6netim organ\u0131d\u0131r ve eczac\u0131lar\u0131n ve eczane teknisyenlerinin uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenler.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 201,
                  "text": "di\u011fer k\u0131demli eczane teknisyenleri"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726da89dd62a815002e92b2",
              "question": "\u0130ngiltere'de bir Eczane Teknisyenini kim denetler?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 627,
                  "text": "Genel Eczac\u0131l\u0131k Konseyi'ne (GPhC)"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726da89dd62a815002e92b3",
              "question": "Bir eczane teknisyeni hangi kuruma kay\u0131t yapt\u0131rmal\u0131d\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 767,
                  "text": "eczac\u0131lar\u0131n ve eczane teknisyenlerinin uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenler"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726da89dd62a815002e92b4",
              "question": "GPhC'nin ana g\u00f6revi nedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 35,
                  "text": "sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetleri uzman\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726da89dd62a815002e92b5",
              "question": "Eczane Teknisyeni ne t\u00fcr bir uzman olarak kabul edilir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 479,
                  "text": "eczane departman\u0131n\u0131 ve eczane uygulamalar\u0131ndaki uzmanl\u0131k alanlar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6netme"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726da89dd62a815002e92b6",
              "question": "Bir eczane teknisyeninin ne t\u00fcr sorumluluklar\u0131 olabilir?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Orta Do\u011fu'da botanik ve kimya alan\u0131nda kaydedilen ilerlemeler, Orta \u00c7a\u011f \u0130slam\u0131nda farmakolojinin geli\u015ftirilmesinde b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde t\u0131bb\u0131n \u00f6nderli\u011fini yapt\u0131. \u00d6rne\u011fin Muhammed bin Zekeriyya el-Razi (Rhazes) (865\u2013915), kimyasal bile\u015fiklerin t\u0131bbi kullan\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fvik edilmesinde rol oynad\u0131. Ebu'l Kas\u0131m El-Zehravi (Abulcasis) (936-1013) ila\u00e7lar\u0131n u\u00e7unum ve dam\u0131tma yoluyla haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131na \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck etti. Liber Servitoris adl\u0131 eseri, okuyucuya yemek tarifleri sunan ve o zaman genel olarak kullan\u0131lan karma\u015f\u0131k ila\u00e7lar olu\u015fturulurken bir araya getirilen \u201cbasitleri\u201d nas\u0131l haz\u0131rlayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6zel bir ilgi alan\u0131d\u0131r. Bununla birlikte, Sabur \u0130bn Sahl (\u00f6. 869), farmakope olu\u015fturan ilk hekimdi ve hastal\u0131klar i\u00e7in \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli ila\u00e7lar ve tedavileri anlat\u0131yordu. Biruni (973-1050) farmakoloji \u00fczerine en de\u011ferli \u0130slami eserlerden biri olan Kit\u00e2b\u00fc's-Saydele f\u00ee T\u0131p (\u0130la\u00e7 Kitab\u0131) adl\u0131 eserinde, ila\u00e7lar\u0131n \u00f6zelliklerini detayl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde anlatt\u0131; eczac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n rol\u00fcn\u00fc, i\u015flevlerini ve g\u00f6revlerini \u00f6zetledi. Ayr\u0131ca \u0130bn-i Sina 700'den fazla preparat, bunlar\u0131n \u00f6zellikleri, etki \u015fekilleri ve endikasyonlar\u0131n\u0131 tarif etti. El-Kanun fi't-T\u0131b adl\u0131 eserinin t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc basit ila\u00e7lara ay\u0131rd\u0131. Ba\u011fdat ve Kahire'den El-Maridini ve \u0130bn-El-Wafid'in eserleri b\u00fcy\u00fck etki yaratt\u0131. 'Mesue': De Medicinis universalibus et particularibus ve 'Abenguefit': Medicamentis simplicibus olarak piyasaya \u00e7\u0131kan her iki eserin de elliden fazla Latince bask\u0131s\u0131 yap\u0131ld\u0131. Abano'lu Peter (1250\u20131316), El-Maridini'nin eserini \u00e7evirdi ve De Veneris ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda bir ekleme yapt\u0131. El-Muwaffaq da bu alanda \u00f6nc\u00fc say\u0131labilecek katk\u0131larda bulundu. 10. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ya\u015fayan El-Muwaffaq, beyaz arseniki tan\u0131mlayan ve silisik aside a\u015fina olan di\u011fer eserlerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra tedavilerin ger\u00e7ek \u00f6zelliklerinin temellerini yazd\u0131. Sodyum karbonat ve potasyum karbonat aras\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131k bir ayr\u0131m yapt\u0131, bak\u0131r bile\u015fiklerinin -\u00f6zellikle bak\u0131r s\u00fclfat- ve ayr\u0131ca kur\u015fun bile\u015fiklerin zehirli do\u011fas\u0131na dikkat \u00e7ekti. Ayr\u0131ca i\u00e7me suyu i\u00e7in deniz suyunun dam\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 da tarif eder.[do\u011frulama gerekli]",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 13,
                  "text": "botanik ve kimya"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee04",
              "question": "Bilim adamlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan Orta \u00c7a\u011f \u0130slam\u0131nda farmakolojinin olu\u015fturulmas\u0131n\u0131 hangi alanlardaki geli\u015fmeler etkiledi?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 162,
                  "text": "Muhammed bin Zekeriyya el-Razi"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee05",
              "question": "Kimyasal bile\u015fiklerin ila\u00e7 olarak kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fvik etmede kim etkili oldu?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 287,
                  "text": "Ebu'l Kas\u0131m El-Zehravi"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee06",
              "question": "Liber Servitoris adl\u0131 eseri kim yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 1530,
                  "text": "El-Muwaffaq"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee08",
              "question": "Deniz suyundan i\u00e7me suyu dam\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 hakk\u0131nda kim yazd\u0131?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 1761,
                  "text": "Sodyum karbonat ve potasyum karbonat"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee07",
              "question": "El-Muwaffaq, hangi iki bile\u015fi\u011fi birbirinden ay\u0131rd\u0131?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "\u00c7o\u011fu \u00fclkede dispanser, mevzuatta belirtilen depolama ko\u015fullar\u0131, zorunlu metinler, ara\u00e7 gere\u00e7 vb. gereksinimlerle eczane mevzuat\u0131na tabidir. Bir zamanlar eczac\u0131lar dispanser ila\u00e7 birle\u015fimi/da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7inde kal\u0131nca, eczac\u0131 hastalarla ileti\u015fim kurmaya daha fazla zaman harcarken, e\u011fitimli eczane teknisyenlerinin kullan\u0131m\u0131na y\u00f6nelik artan bir e\u011filim olmu\u015ftur. Eczane teknisyenleri \u015fimdi hastalar\u0131n re\u00e7eteleri ve hasta g\u00fcvenli\u011fi konular\u0131 ile ilgilenirken yeni rollerinde onlara yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in otomasyona daha da ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131lar.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 113,
                  "text": "eczane mevzuat\u0131na"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726e08e5951b619008f810f",
              "question": "\u00dclkelerin \u00e7o\u011funda dispanser neye tabidir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 163,
                  "text": "dispanser ila\u00e7 birle\u015fimi/da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7inde"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726e08e5951b619008f8110",
              "question": "Eczane teknisyenleri eskiden hangi sorumluluklarla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131yd\u0131?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 494,
                  "text": "otomasyona"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726e08e5951b619008f8111",
              "question": "Eczane teknisyenleri gittik\u00e7e neye daha fazla ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 hale gelmektedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 383,
                  "text": "hastalar\u0131n re\u00e7eteleri ve hasta g\u00fcvenli\u011fi konular\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726e08e5951b619008f8112",
              "question": "Eczane teknisyenlerinin \u015fu anda kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 yeni sorumluluklar nelerdir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 44,
                  "text": "depolama ko\u015fullar\u0131, zorunlu metinler, ara\u00e7 gere\u00e7 vb."
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726e08e5951b619008f8113",
              "question": "Eczac\u0131l\u0131k mevzuat\u0131 neyi zorunlu k\u0131lmaktad\u0131r?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Dan\u0131\u015fman eczac\u0131l\u0131k uygulamas\u0131, ila\u00e7lar\u0131n fiili da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131ndan ziyade ila\u00e7 tedavisi g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irme (yani \"bili\u015fsel hizmetler\") konusuna odaklanmaktad\u0131r. Dan\u0131\u015fman eczac\u0131lar genellikle bak\u0131m evlerinde hizmet vermektedir, ancak giderek daha fazla di\u011fer kurumlarda ve kurumsal olmayan ortamlarda dallanmaktad\u0131r. Geleneksel olarak ,dan\u0131\u015fman eczac\u0131lar genellikle ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z i\u015fletme sahipleridir, ancak ABD'de bir\u00e7o\u011fu b\u00fcy\u00fck eczac\u0131l\u0131k y\u00f6netim \u015firketlerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r (\u00f6ncelikle Omnicare, Kindred Healthcare ve PharMerica). Dan\u0131\u015fman eczac\u0131lar do\u011frudan hastalarla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131k\u00e7a, bu e\u011filim yava\u015f yava\u015f tersine d\u00f6nebilir, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bir\u00e7ok ya\u015fl\u0131 insan g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u00e7ok say\u0131da ila\u00e7 kullan\u0131yor, ancak kurumsal ortamlar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ya\u015famaya devam ediyor. Baz\u0131 toplum eczaneleri dan\u0131\u015fman eczac\u0131 istihdam etmekte ve / veya  dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k hizmeti vermektedir.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 67,
                  "text": "ila\u00e7 tedavisi g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irme"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726ea985951b619008f8261",
              "question": "Dan\u0131\u015fman eczac\u0131l\u0131k esas olarak neyle ilgilidir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 180,
                  "text": "bak\u0131m evlerinde"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726ea985951b619008f8262",
              "question": "Dan\u0131\u015fman eczac\u0131lar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu nerede \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya e\u011filimlidir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 469,
                  "text": "Omnicare, Kindred Healthcare ve PharMerica"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726ea985951b619008f8263",
              "question": "Baz\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck eczac\u0131l\u0131k y\u00f6netim \u015firketleri nelerdir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 622,
                  "text": "bir\u00e7ok ya\u015fl\u0131 insan g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u00e7ok say\u0131da ila\u00e7 kullan\u0131yor, ancak kurumsal ortamlar\u0131n"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726ea985951b619008f8264",
              "question": "Dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k yapan eczac\u0131lar\u0131n artarak hastalarla do\u011frudan  \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n ana nedeni nedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 759,
                  "text": "dan\u0131\u015fman eczac\u0131 istihdam etmekte ve / veya  dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k hizmeti vermektedir."
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726ea985951b619008f8265",
              "question": "Baz\u0131 toplum eczaneleri ne yapar?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "\u00c7o\u011fu yetki alan\u0131nda (ABD gibi) eczac\u0131lar, doktorlardan ayr\u0131 olarak d\u00fczenlenir. Bu yetki alanlar\u0131 genellikle sadece eczac\u0131lar\u0131n  halka planlanm\u0131\u015f ila\u00e7 tedarik edebildi\u011fini ve eczac\u0131lar\u0131n doktorlarla i\u015f ortakl\u0131klar\u0131 kuramayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ya da \"r\u00fc\u015fvet\" \u00f6demeleri yapamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmektedir. Bununla birlikte, Amerikan Tabipler Birli\u011fi (AMA) Etik Kurallar\u0131, hekimlerin, hasta s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fc olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve hastalar\u0131n ba\u015fka bir yerde doldurulabilecekleri yaz\u0131l\u0131 bir re\u00e7eteye sahip olmalar\u0131 ko\u015fuluyla, ofis uygulamalar\u0131nda ila\u00e7 da\u011f\u0131tmalar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. Amerikan doktorlar\u0131n\u0131n %7 ila 10 'unun ila\u00e7lar\u0131 kendi ba\u015flar\u0131na da\u011f\u0131tt\u0131klar\u0131 bildirildi.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 42,
                  "text": "doktorlardan ayr\u0131 olarak"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0da",
              "question": "Eczac\u0131lar, \u00e7o\u011fu yetki alanlar\u0131nda nas\u0131l d\u00fczenlenir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 108,
                  "text": "sadece eczac\u0131lar\u0131n"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0db",
              "question": "\u00c7o\u011fu yetki alan\u0131na g\u00f6re, planlanan ila\u00e7lar\u0131 kim halka verebilir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 303,
                  "text": "Amerikan Tabipler Birli\u011fi (AMA)"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0dc",
              "question": "Hangi kurum doktorlar\u0131n belirli \u015fartlar alt\u0131nda ila\u00e7 da\u011f\u0131tabilece\u011fini belirtmi\u015ftir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 555,
                  "text": "%7 ila 10"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0dd",
              "question": "Tahmini olarak doktorlar\u0131n ne kadar\u0131 kendi kendine ila\u00e7 da\u011f\u0131tmaktad\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 186,
                  "text": "doktorlarla i\u015f ortakl\u0131klar\u0131 kuramayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ya da \"r\u00fc\u015fvet\" \u00f6demeleri yapamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0de",
              "question": "Eczac\u0131lar\u0131n yapmas\u0131 yasaklanm\u0131\u015f olan \u015feyler nelerdir?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "title": "Pharmacy"
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "context": "Ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sisteminin bozukluklar\u0131 otoimm\u00fcn hastal\u0131klar, iltihapl\u0131 hastal\u0131klar ve kanserle sonu\u00e7lanabilir. Ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k yetmezli\u011fi  ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sistemi normal 'den daha az aktif oldu\u011funda meydana gelir, tekrar eder ve hayat\u0131 tehdit eden enfeksiyonlar ile sonu\u00e7lan\u0131r.\u0130nsanlarda ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k yetmezli\u011fi; \u015fiddetli kombine ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k yetmezli\u011fi ve HIV/AIDS \u00f6zel durumlar\u0131 gibi genetik hastal\u0131klar\u0131n ya da ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sistemini bask\u0131lay\u0131c\u0131 ila\u00e7lar kullan\u0131m\u0131 sonucu olu\u015fabilir. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, otoimm\u00fcnite, normal dokulara yabanc\u0131 organizmalar gibi sald\u0131ran hiperaktif bir ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sisteminden kaynaklan\u0131r. Yayg\u0131n otoimm\u00fcn hastal\u0131klar aras\u0131nda Hashimoto tiroiditi, romatoid artrit, diabetes mellitus tip 1 ve sistemik lupus eritematozus bulunur. Ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k bilimi, ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sisteminin t\u00fcm y\u00f6nlerinin ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 kapsar.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 35,
                  "text": "otoimm\u00fcn hastal\u0131klar"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726eb8bf1498d1400e8efe2",
              "question": "Ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sistemi bozukluklar\u0131 nelere yol a\u00e7abilir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 130,
                  "text": "ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sistemi normal 'den daha az aktif oldu\u011funda"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726eb8bf1498d1400e8efe3",
              "question": "Ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k yetmezli\u011fi ne zaman ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 200,
                  "text": "tekrar eder ve hayat\u0131 tehdit eden enfeksiyonlar"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726eb8bf1498d1400e8efe4",
              "question": "Ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k yetmezli\u011fi nelere sebep olur?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 368,
                  "text": "genetik hastal\u0131klar\u0131n"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726eb8bf1498d1400e8efe5",
              "question": "Ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k yetmezli\u011fi nedenlerinden birini yaz\u0131n\u0131z."
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 633,
                  "text": "Hashimoto tiroiditi"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5726eb8bf1498d1400e8efe6",
              "question": "Yayg\u0131n bir otoimm\u00fcn hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaz\u0131nz."
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 107,
                  "text": "Ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k yetmezli\u011fi"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5728f2e26aef051400154896",
              "question": "Ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sistemi normalden daha az aktif oldu\u011funda ne olur?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 481,
                  "text": "otoimm\u00fcnite"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5728f2e26aef051400154897",
              "question": "Normal dokulara sald\u0131ran bir hiperaktif ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sistemi i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan terim nedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 735,
                  "text": "Ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k bilimi"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5728f2e26aef051400154898",
              "question": "Hangi alan ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sisteminin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 inceler?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 339,
                  "text": "HIV/AIDS"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5728f2e26aef051400154899",
              "question": "\u0130nsanlarda hangi \u00f6zel durumlar ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k yetmezli\u011fi ile sonu\u00e7lan\u0131r?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "\u0130ltihap \u00f6nleyici ila\u00e7lar, iltihaplanman\u0131n etkilerini kontrol etmek i\u00e7in s\u0131kl\u0131kla kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Glukokortikoidler bu ila\u00e7lar\u0131n en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcs\u00fcd\u00fcr; Ancak, bu ila\u00e7lar merkezi obezite, hiperglisemi, osteoporoz gibi istenmeyen bir\u00e7ok yan etkiye sahip olabilir ve kullan\u0131mlar\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131 bir \u015fekilde kontrol edilmelidir. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck dozda iltihap \u00f6nleyici ila\u00e7lar, metotreksat veya azatiyoprin gibi  sitotoksik veya ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sistemini bask\u0131lay\u0131c\u0131 ila\u00e7lar ile birlikte kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Sitotoksik ila\u00e7lar, aktive edilmi\u015f T h\u00fccreleri gibi b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f h\u00fccreleri \u00f6ld\u00fcrerek imm\u00fcn tepkisini engeller. Ancak, \u00f6ld\u00fcrme i\u015flemi ayr\u0131m g\u00f6zetmez ve di\u011fer s\u00fcrekli b\u00f6l\u00fcnen h\u00fccreler ve organlar\u0131 etkiler ve bu da toksik yan etkilere neden olur. siklosporin gibi ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sistemini bask\u0131layan ila\u00e7lar, sinyal iletim yollar\u0131n\u0131 engelleyerek T h\u00fccrelerinin sinyallere do\u011fru \u015fekilde tepki vermesini \u00f6nler.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 93,
                  "text": "Glukokortikoidler"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572a03086aef0514001551a2",
              "question": "En g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc iltihap \u00f6nleyici ila\u00e7 s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 nedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 375,
                  "text": "sitotoksik veya ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sistemini bask\u0131lay\u0131c\u0131 ila\u00e7lar"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572a03086aef0514001551a3",
              "question": "D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck dozda iltihap \u00f6nleyici ila\u00e7lar bazen hangi ila\u00e7 s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131 ile kullan\u0131l\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 340,
                  "text": "metotreksat veya azatiyoprin"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572a03086aef0514001551a4",
              "question": "Sitotoksik veya ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sistemini bask\u0131lay\u0131c\u0131 ila\u00e7lar\u0131n iki \u00f6rne\u011fi nedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 697,
                  "text": "siklosporin"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572a03086aef0514001551a5",
              "question": "Sinyal iletim yollar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirerek T h\u00fccresi faaliyetini \u00f6nleyen ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sistemini bask\u0131lay\u0131c\u0131 bir ila\u00e7 \u00f6rne\u011fi nedir?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, uyan\u0131kl\u0131k d\u00f6nemlerinde, farkl\u0131 patojenlere kar\u015f\u0131 etkili bir tepki ortaya \u00e7\u0131karmak i\u00e7in, sitotoksik do\u011fal \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc h\u00fccreler ve CTL'ler (sitotoksik T lenfositleri) gibi farkl\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f efekt\u00f6r h\u00fccreler maksimum seviyeye \u00e7\u0131kar. Uyan\u0131k aktif zamanlarda, kortizol ve katekolaminler gibi iltihap \u00f6nleyici molek\u00fcller de tepe noktas\u0131na ula\u015f\u0131r. Proinflamatuar durumun neden uyku zaman\u0131na mahsus oldu\u011funa dair iki teori vard\u0131r. Birincisi, iltihap, uyanma saatlerinde meydana gelirse ciddi bili\u015fsel ve fiziksel bozulmalara neden olur. \u0130kinci olarak,uyku s\u00fcrelerinde melatonin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 nedeniyle  iltihap olu\u015fabilir. \u0130ltihaplanma \u00e7ok fazla oksidatif strese neden olur ve uyku zamanlar\u0131nda melatonin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu s\u00fcre zarf\u0131nda aktif olarak  serbest radikal \u00fcretimini \u00f6nleyebilir.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 103,
                  "text": "sitotoksik do\u011fal \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc h\u00fccreler ve CTL'ler (sitotoksik T lenfositleri)"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572a04d51d046914007796cd",
              "question": "Uyanma periyodunda en y\u00fcksek olan farkl\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f efekt\u00f6r h\u00fccrelerin \u00f6rnekleri nelerdir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 267,
                  "text": "kortizol ve katekolaminler"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572a04d51d046914007796ce",
              "question": "Uyan\u0131k saatlerde tepe yapan iki iltihap \u00f6nleyici molek\u00fcl nedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 572,
                  "text": "melatonin"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572a04d51d046914007796cf",
              "question": "\u0130ltihaplanma, hangi molek\u00fcl\u00fcn varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 nedeniyle uyku s\u00fcresinde meydana gelir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 742,
                  "text": "serbest radikal \u00fcretimini"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572a04d51d046914007796d0",
              "question": "Melatonin uyku s\u0131ras\u0131nda aktif olarak neyin \u00fcretimini engelleyebilir?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Uyumlay\u0131c\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sisteminin evrimi, ger\u00e7ek\u00e7enelilerin bir atas\u0131nda meydana geldi. Uyumlay\u0131c\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sistemin klasik molek\u00fcllerinin \u00e7o\u011fu (\u00f6rne\u011fin, imm\u00fcnoglobulinler ve T h\u00fccre resept\u00f6rleri) yaln\u0131zca ger\u00e7ek\u00e7enelilerde bulunur. Fakat, farkl\u0131 bir lenfosit t\u00fcrevi molek\u00fcl\u00fc ilk defa bofa bal\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bal\u0131k asala\u011f\u0131 gibi \u00e7enesiz omurgal\u0131larda ke\u015ffedilmi\u015ftir. Bu hayvanlar, ger\u00e7ek\u00e7enelilerin antijen resept\u00f6rleri gibi, az say\u0131da (bir veya iki) genden \u00fcretilen, de\u011fi\u015fken lenfosit resept\u00f6rleri (VLR'ler) ad\u0131nda \u00e7ok say\u0131da molek\u00fcle sahiptir. Bu molek\u00fcllerin patojenik antijenleri, antikorlara benzer bir \u015fekilde ve ayn\u0131 derecede \u00f6zg\u00fcnl\u00fck ile ba\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131na inan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 155,
                  "text": "imm\u00fcnoglobulinler ve T h\u00fccre resept\u00f6rleri"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572a07fc6aef0514001551dc",
              "question": "Uyumlay\u0131c\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sisteminin hangi molek\u00fclleri sadece ger\u00e7ek\u00e7enelilerde bulunur?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 286,
                  "text": "bofa bal\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bal\u0131k asala\u011f\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572a07fc6aef0514001551dd",
              "question": "\u0130lkel \u00e7enesiz omurgal\u0131lar\u0131n iki \u00f6rne\u011fi nedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 459,
                  "text": "de\u011fi\u015fken lenfosit resept\u00f6rleri (VLR'ler)"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572a07fc6aef0514001551de",
              "question": "\u0130lkel \u00e7enesiz omurgal\u0131lar ne olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan bir dizi resept\u00f6re sahiptir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 0,
                  "text": "Uyumlay\u0131c\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sisteminin"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572a07fc6aef0514001551df",
              "question": "Ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sisteminin hangi k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n evrimi ger\u00e7ek\u00e7enelilerin evrimsel atas\u0131nda meydana gelmi\u015ftir?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Uyumsal ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sisteminden ka\u00e7mak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan mekanizmalar daha karma\u015f\u0131kt\u0131r. En basit yakla\u015f\u0131m,temel epitoplar\u0131 gizli tutarken, patojenin y\u00fczeyindeki temel olmayan epitoplar\u0131 (amino asitler ve/veya \u015fekerler) h\u0131zla de\u011fi\u015ftirmektir. Buna antijenik varyasyon denir. \u00d6rne\u011fin h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde mutasyona u\u011frayan HIV vir\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn ,bu \u00f6zelli\u011finden kaynakl\u0131 viral zarf\u0131ndaki konak hedef h\u00fccresine giri\u015f i\u00e7in gerekli olan proteinler s\u00fcrekli de\u011fi\u015fmektedir. Antijenlerde s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclen bu de\u011fi\u015fiklikler, bu vir\u00fcse y\u00f6nelik a\u015f\u0131lar\u0131n ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klayabilir. Parazit Trypanosoma brucei, bir t\u00fcr y\u00fczey proteinini s\u00fcrekli olarak di\u011feri ile de\u011fi\u015ftirerek benzer bir strateji kullan\u0131r ve antikor tepkisinden bir ad\u0131m \u00f6nde olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.Antijenleri konak molek\u00fclleri ile maskeleme, ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sistemi taraf\u0131ndan tespit edilmekten ka\u00e7\u0131nmak i\u00e7in ba\u015fka bir ortak stratejidir. HIV'de t\u00fcm katmanl\u0131 vir\u00fcs\u00fc kaplayan zar, konak h\u00fccrenin en d\u0131\u015f zar\u0131ndan olu\u015fturulur; bu t\u00fcr \"kendili\u011finden gizlenen\" vir\u00fcsler, ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sisteminin bunlar\u0131 \"kendinden olmayan\" yap\u0131lar olarak tan\u0131mlamas\u0131n\u0131 zorla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 243,
                  "text": "antijenik varyasyon"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572a0e4b6aef051400155214",
              "question": "Temel olmayan epitoplar\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fmesiyle uyumsal ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sisteminden kurtulunan s\u00fcrecin ad\u0131 nedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 314,
                  "text": "HIV"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572a0e4b6aef051400155215",
              "question": "Antijenik varyasyon kullanan bir vir\u00fcs \u00f6rne\u011fi nedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 560,
                  "text": "Trypanosoma brucei"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572a0e4b6aef051400155216",
              "question": "Yok edilmekten ka\u00e7\u0131nmak i\u00e7in antijenik varyasyon stratejisini kullanan bir parazit \u00f6rne\u011fi nedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 726,
                  "text": "Antijenleri"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572a0e4b6aef051400155217",
              "question": "Bir vir\u00fcs\u00fcn tespit edilmesini engellemek i\u00e7in hangi h\u00fccrelerin konak h\u00fccre molek\u00fclleri ile maskelenmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "title": "Immune_system"
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "context": "1819 Peterloo katliam\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan, o y\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131na do\u011fru \u015fair Percy Shelley, zaman\u0131n\u0131n adaletsiz otorite bi\u00e7imleri ile ilgili d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerinin imgeleriyle ba\u015flayan, ard\u0131ndan yeni bir sosyal eylem bi\u00e7iminin k\u0131r\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 hayal etti\u011fi Anar\u015finin Maskesi adl\u0131 siyasi \u015fiirini yazd\u0131. Bu belki de \u015fiddetsiz protesto ilkesinin ilk \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f[belirsiz] ifadesidir. Bir versiyonu yazar Henry David Thoreau taraf\u0131ndan Sivil \u0130taatsizlik adl\u0131 eserinde, daha sonra ise Satyagraha adl\u0131 doktrininde Gandi  taraf\u0131ndan ele al\u0131nd\u0131. Gandi'nin Satyagraha adl\u0131 eseri, Shelley'in protesto ve siyasi eylemde \u015fiddetsizli\u011finden k\u0131smen etkilenmi\u015f ve ilham alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bilhassa, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z Hindistan kampanyas\u0131 esnas\u0131nda Gandi'nin geni\u015f kitlelere Shelley'nin Anar\u015finin Maskesi eserinden s\u0131k\u00e7a al\u0131nt\u0131 yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmektedir.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 65,
                  "text": "Percy Shelley"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5727213c708984140094da35",
              "question": "Peterloo katliam\u0131ndan sonra hangi \u015fair Anar\u015finin Katliam\u0131'n\u0131 yazd\u0131?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 291,
                  "text": "\u015fiddetsiz"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5727213c708984140094da36",
              "question": "Onun \u015fiiri hangi protesto \u00e7e\u015fidinin ilk t\u00fcr\u00fc olarak kabul edilmektedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 520,
                  "text": "Satyagraha"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5727213c708984140094da38",
              "question": "Gandhi'nin Shelley'den esinlendi\u011fi doktrininin ad\u0131 neydi?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 646,
                  "text": "ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z Hindistan"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5727213c708984140094da39",
              "question": "Gandi ne yapmak amac\u0131yla eserlerinde Shelley'in \u015fiirine s\u0131k s\u0131k at\u0131fta bulunmu\u015ftur?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 373,
                  "text": "Henry David Thoreau"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5727213c708984140094da37",
              "question": "Hangi \u00fcnl\u00fc yazar, yaz\u0131lar\u0131nda Percy Shelley'nin benzerli\u011fini ve tasvirini kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 65,
                  "text": "Percy Shelley"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5728d63c4b864d1900164f18",
              "question": "Anar\u015finin Maskesi \u015fiirini kim yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 90,
                  "text": "adaletsiz otorite bi\u00e7imleri"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5728d63c4b864d1900164f19",
              "question": "Anar\u015finin Maskesi neyi protesto etmek i\u00e7in yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 291,
                  "text": "\u015fiddetsiz protesto"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5728d63c4b864d1900164f1a",
              "question": "Anar\u015finin Maskesi'nde sergilenen ilke neydi?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 520,
                  "text": "Satyagraha"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5728d63c4b864d1900164f1c",
              "question": "Gandi'nin eserinin ad\u0131 neydi?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 480,
                  "text": "Gandi"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5728d63c4b864d1900164f1b",
              "question": "Hangi \u00fcnl\u00fc Hintli sivil itaatsizli\u011fi uygulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Devrim niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131mayan sivil itaatsizlik, bireysel vicdan taraf\u0131ndan \"yanl\u0131\u015f\" olarak de\u011ferlendirilmesi sebebiyle kanunlara kar\u015f\u0131 basit bir itaatsizlik, ya da belirli kanunlar\u0131 etkisiz k\u0131lma \u00e7abalar\u0131n\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak, bu kanunlar\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckten kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak veya ba\u015fka bir konuda birinin siyasi taleplerini almak i\u00e7in bask\u0131 yapmakt\u0131r. Devrimci sivil itaatsizlik, daha \u00e7ok h\u00fck\u00fcmeti devirmek i\u00e7in aktif bir te\u015febb\u00fcst\u00fcr (ya da k\u00fclt\u00fcrel gelenekler, toplumsal adetleri, dini inan\u00e7lar\u0131 vb. de\u011fi\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in...devrim siyasi olmak zorunda de\u011fildir, \u00f6rne\u011fin \"k\u00fclt\u00fcrel devrim\" yaln\u0131zca toplumsal dokunun bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc s\u00fcr\u00fckleme ve geni\u015f kapsaml\u0131 bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik yapma anlam\u0131na gelir). Gandi'nin eylemleri, devrimci sivil itaatsizlik olarak tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Macarlar\u0131n Ferenc De\u00e1k idaresinde Avusturya h\u00fck\u00fcmetine kar\u015f\u0131 devrimci sivil itaatsizlik g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi iddia edilmi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131ca Thoreau, \u201cbar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l devrim\u201d kavram\u0131n\u0131 hayata ge\u00e7irerek sivil itaatsizlik ile ilgili yazd\u0131. Howard Zinn, Harvey Wheeler ve di\u011ferleri, bir sivil itaatsizlik ilkesi olarak, Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k Bildirgesi'nde benimsenen, adaletsiz bir h\u00fck\u00fcmeti  \"de\u011fi\u015ftirme veya kald\u0131rma\" hakk\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131mlam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 352,
                  "text": "Devrimci sivil itaatsizlik"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5728202c4b864d19001644ec",
              "question": "Bir h\u00fck\u00fcmet veya inan\u00e7 sistemini devirmek i\u00e7in aktif bir te\u015febb\u00fcste bulunulmas\u0131na ne denir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 759,
                  "text": "Macarlar\u0131n"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5728202c4b864d19001644ed",
              "question": "Hangi insan toplulu\u011fu Avusturya h\u00fck\u00fcmetine kar\u015f\u0131 devrimci sivil itaatsizlik g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir? "
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 770,
                  "text": "Ferenc De\u00e1k"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5728202c4b864d19001644ee",
              "question": "Macarlar bu sivil itaatsizli\u011fi hangi ki\u015finin liderli\u011finde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 688,
                  "text": "Gandi'nin"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5728202c4b864d19001644ef",
              "question": "K\u00fclt\u00fcre kar\u015f\u0131 devrimci sivil itaatsizlik, kimin \u00f6rne\u011finde vurgulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 441,
                  "text": "k\u00fclt\u00fcrel gelenekler, toplumsal adetleri, dini inan\u00e7lar\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5728202c4b864d19001644f0",
              "question": "Sivil itaatsizlik ba\u015fka hangi konularla ilgili olabilir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 0,
                  "text": "Devrim niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131mayan sivil itaatsizlik"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5728e07e3acd2414000e00e9",
              "question": "Basit bir sivil itaatsizlik bi\u00e7imi nedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 45,
                  "text": "bireysel vicdan taraf\u0131ndan \"yanl\u0131\u015f\" olarak de\u011ferlendirilmesi"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5728e07e3acd2414000e00ea",
              "question": "Bir insan neden belirli kanunlara kar\u015f\u0131 sivil itaatsizli\u011fi se\u00e7ebilir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 161,
                  "text": "belirli kanunlar\u0131 etkisiz k\u0131lma"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5728e07e3acd2414000e00eb",
              "question": "Bireysel sivil itaatsizli\u011fin amac\u0131 nedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 352,
                  "text": "Devrimci sivil itaatsizlik"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5728e07e3acd2414000e00ec",
              "question": "Hangi t\u00fcr sivil itaatsizlik daha geni\u015f \u00e7aptad\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 688,
                  "text": "Gandi'nin"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5728e07e3acd2414000e00ed",
              "question": "Hangi \u00fcnl\u00fc Hintlinin eylemleri sivil itaatsizlik olarak kabul edilmi\u015ftir?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Yasa d\u0131\u015f\u0131 boykotlar, vergi \u00f6demeyi reddetme, askerden ka\u00e7ma, da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lan hizmetleri engelleme sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 ve oturma eylemleri gibi baz\u0131 sivil itaatsizlik bi\u00e7imleri,  bir sistemin i\u015flemesini daha da zorla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. Bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle zorlay\u0131c\u0131 olarak kabul edilebilirler. Brownlee, \"sivil itaatsizlikler, ahlaki diyaloglarda bulunmak gibi d\u00fcr\u00fcst ama\u00e7larla zor kullanmaya mecbur kalsalar da sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 masaya yat\u0131rabilmek i\u00e7in s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 miktarda zor kullanmay\u0131 gerekli bulabilirler\" demi\u015ftir. Plowshares \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc, GCSB Waihopai'yi kap\u0131lar\u0131na kilit vurarak ve iki uydu antenini kaplayan geni\u015f kubbelerden birini bo\u015faltmak i\u00e7in orak kullanarak ge\u00e7ici olarak kapatt\u0131.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 164,
                  "text": "bir sistemin i\u015flemesini"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57282dfb4b864d1900164668",
              "question": "Boykot etme, vergi \u00f6demeyi reddetme, oturma eylemi ve askerden ka\u00e7ma eylemleri neyi zorla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 513,
                  "text": "kap\u0131lar\u0131na kilit vurarak"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57282dfb4b864d1900164669",
              "question": "Plowshares \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn GCSB Waihopai'yi ge\u00e7ici olarak kapatmas\u0131n\u0131n bir yolunu yaz\u0131n\u0131z?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 541,
                  "text": "iki uydu antenini kaplayan geni\u015f kubbelerden birini bo\u015faltmak i\u00e7in orak kullanarak"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57282dfb4b864d190016466a",
              "question": "Plowshares \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn ge\u00e7ici olarak kapatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 di\u011fer yolu yaz\u0131n\u0131z?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 413,
                  "text": "s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 miktarda zor kullanmay\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57282dfb4b864d190016466b",
              "question": "Brownlee, bazen insanlar\u0131n sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 duyurmak i\u00e7in ne \u015fekilde davrand\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 iddia ediyor?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 220,
                  "text": "zorlay\u0131c\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57282dfb4b864d190016466c",
              "question": "B\u00fcy\u00fck bir grup insan\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fc bir sistemi boykot etmesi veya vergi \u00f6dememesi, ne olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 21,
                  "text": "vergi \u00f6demeyi reddetme"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5728e715ff5b5019007da914",
              "question": "Federal h\u00fck\u00fcmete kar\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131lan itaatsizlik t\u00fcr\u00fc nedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 164,
                  "text": "bir sistemin i\u015flemesini daha da zorla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5728e715ff5b5019007da916",
              "question": "Bu t\u00fcr protestolar\u0131n hangi yan etkisi uygunsuzdur?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 376,
                  "text": "sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 masaya yat\u0131rabilmek"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5728e715ff5b5019007da917",
              "question": "Bu protestolar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funun amac\u0131 nedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 513,
                  "text": "kap\u0131lar\u0131na kilit vurarak"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5728e715ff5b5019007da918",
              "question": "B\u00fcy\u00fck \u015firketleri \u015fiddetsiz bir \u015fekilde nas\u0131l protesto edebilirsiniz?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Baz\u0131 sivil itaatsizler; herkesi belirli yasal standartlar\u0131 sa\u011flayan bir h\u00fck\u00fcmet taraf\u0131ndan olu\u015fturulan kanunlara itaat etmek zorunda b\u0131rakan sosyal s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin ge\u00e7erlili\u011fine olan inan\u00e7lar\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden cezay\u0131 kabul etmenin kendilerinin \u00fczerine d\u00fc\u015fen bir g\u00f6rev oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyor, aksi halde kanun nezdinde olu\u015fturulan cezalara maruz kal\u0131yorlar. H\u00fck\u00fcmetin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 destekleyen di\u011fer sivil itaatsizler de yine kendi h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerinin me\u015fruiyetine inanm\u0131yor veya onun \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirli bir yasan\u0131n me\u015fruiyetine inanm\u0131yor. Ve yine di\u011fer sivil itaatsizler, anar\u015fistler olarak, hi\u00e7bir h\u00fck\u00fcmetin me\u015fruiyetine inanm\u0131yorlar ve bu nedenle di\u011fer insanlar\u0131n haklar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7i\u011fnemeyen ceza hukuku ihlalinden dolay\u0131 verilen cezay\u0131 kabul etme gere\u011fi duymuyorlar.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 198,
                  "text": "cezay\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c5",
              "question": "Baz\u0131 sivil itaatsiz insanlar neyi kabul etme gere\u011fi duyuyorlar?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 141,
                  "text": "sosyal s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin ge\u00e7erlili\u011fine olan inan\u00e7lar\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c6",
              "question": "Cezan\u0131n kabul edilmesine neden ihtiya\u00e7 duyulmaktad\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 469,
                  "text": "belirli bir yasan\u0131n me\u015fruiyetine"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c7",
              "question": "Baz\u0131 insanlar neyi protesto ediyor?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 546,
                  "text": "anar\u015fistler"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c8",
              "question": "H\u00fck\u00fcmet hi\u00e7bir \u015fekilde kabul etmeyen grubun ad\u0131 nedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 623,
                  "text": "di\u011fer insanlar\u0131n haklar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7i\u011fnemeyen"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c9",
              "question": "Anar\u015fistler hangi sebeple cezay\u0131 kabul etmek istemiyorlar?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Bazen kovu\u015fturma, san\u0131klara su\u00e7u kabul etmeleri kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda hafif su\u00e7 say\u0131lmas\u0131 ve hapis cezas\u0131 almama f\u0131rsat\u0131 sunulan Camden 28 davas\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi, sivil itaatsizlere bir itiraf pazarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nerisinde bulunur. Baz\u0131 toplu tutuklama durumlar\u0131nda, aktivistler herkes i\u00e7in ayn\u0131 itiraf pazarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na almak i\u00e7in dayan\u0131\u015fma taktiklerini kullanmaya karar verir. Ancak baz\u0131 aktivistler, herhangi bir itiraf anla\u015fmas\u0131 yapmadan su\u00e7u kabul ettikleri k\u00f6r itiraf se\u00e7ene\u011fini tercih etti. Mahatma Gandi su\u00e7unu kabul etti ve mahkemeye, \"...kanunda a\u00e7\u0131k bir \u015fekilde su\u00e7 olarak belirtilen \u015fey i\u00e7in bana y\u00fcklenebilecek olan en y\u00fcksek cezaya i\u00e7imden gelerek boyun e\u011fiyorum ve bunun bir vatanda\u015f\u0131n en \u00f6nemli vazifesi oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum.\" dedi.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 176,
                  "text": "itiraf pazarl\u0131\u011f\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5728eef92ca10214002daab0",
              "question": "Sivil itaatsizlere bazen ne t\u00fcr cezalar sunulmaktad\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 84,
                  "text": "hapis cezas\u0131 almama"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5728eef92ca10214002daab1",
              "question": "Bir itiraf pazarl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bulunurken ama\u00e7 genellikle nedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 322,
                  "text": "dayan\u0131\u015fma"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5728eef92ca10214002daab2",
              "question": "Bir\u00e7ok ki\u015fi tutukland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, genel uzla\u015fma takti\u011fi nedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 453,
                  "text": "k\u00f6r itiraf"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5728eef92ca10214002daab3",
              "question": "Ne t\u00fcr bir itirafta bulunma bazen itaatsizlik eylemi olarak kabul edilir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 488,
                  "text": "Mahatma Gandi"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5728eef92ca10214002daab4",
              "question": "Hangi \u00fcnl\u00fc Hintli su\u00e7unu kabul etti ve kendini mahkemelerin insaf\u0131na b\u0131rakt\u0131?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "title": "Civil_disobedience"
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "context": "\u0130n\u015faat bir yap\u0131 ya da altyap\u0131 in\u015fa etme s\u00fcrecidir. imalat genel anlamda belirlenmi\u015f bir al\u0131c\u0131 olmadan benzer \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin seri \u00fcretimini i\u00e7erirken, in\u015faat ise genel olarak belirli bir m\u00fc\u015fteri i\u00e7in konumda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi y\u00f6n\u00fcyle imalattan farkl\u0131la\u015f\u0131r. End\u00fcstri olarak in\u015faat, geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelerin gayri safi yurt i\u00e7i has\u0131las\u0131n\u0131n %6-9\u2019unu kapsar. \u0130n\u015faat; planlama, [al\u0131nt\u0131 gerekli] tasar\u0131m ve sermaye ile ba\u015flar ve proje in\u015fa edilip kullan\u0131ma haz\u0131r hale gelene kadar devam eder. ",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 0,
                  "text": "\u0130n\u015faat"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57273a465951b619008f86ff",
              "question": "Bir bina veya yap\u0131 in\u015fa etme s\u00fcreci nedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 51,
                  "text": "imalat"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57273a465951b619008f8700",
              "question": "Genel olarak belirli bir al\u0131c\u0131 olmadan benzer \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin seri \u00fcretimini i\u00e7eren nedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 322,
                  "text": "%6-9\u2019unu"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57273a465951b619008f8701",
              "question": "\u0130n\u015faat, gayri safi yurt i\u00e7i has\u0131lan\u0131n y\u00fczde ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturur?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 347,
                  "text": "planlama, [al\u0131nt\u0131 gerekli] tasar\u0131m ve sermaye"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57273a465951b619008f8702",
              "question": "\u0130n\u015faat\u2019\u0131n meydana gelmesi i\u00e7in hangi \u00fc\u00e7 \u015feye ihtiya\u00e7 vard\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 169,
                  "text": "belirli bir m\u00fc\u015fteri"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57273a465951b619008f8703",
              "question": "\u0130n\u015faat, kim i\u00e7in konumda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Engineering News-Record(ENR), in\u015faat end\u00fcstrisi i\u00e7in bir ticaret dergisidir. ENR her y\u0131l tasar\u0131m ve in\u015faat \u015firketlerinin b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile ilgili veri derler ve rapor eder. Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri\u2019ndeki en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015firketlerin (\u0130lk 40) ve ayn\u0131 zamanda en b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u00fcresel \u015firketlerin(ilk 250, anavatanlar\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda yapt\u0131klar\u0131 i\u015f miktar\u0131yla) bir listesini yay\u0131nlar. 2014\u2019te ENR, dokuz pazar diliminde veri derledi. Ula\u015f\u0131m, petrol, binalar, enerji, sanayi, su, imalat, kanalizasyon/at\u0131k, Telekom ve di\u011fer projeler i\u00e7in onuncu kategori olarak tehlikeli at\u0131klar \u015feklinde b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. \u0130lk 400 raporlar\u0131nda \u015firketleri a\u011f\u0131r m\u00fcteahhitler olarak s\u0131ralamak i\u00e7in ula\u015f\u0131m, at\u0131k, tehlikeli at\u0131klar ve su ile ilgili verilerini kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 30,
                  "text": "in\u015faat end\u00fcstrisi i\u00e7in bir ticaret dergisidir"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57273e50dd62a815002e9a02",
              "question": "Engineering News-Record nedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 0,
                  "text": "Engineering News-Record(ENR)"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57273e50dd62a815002e9a03",
              "question": "Tasar\u0131m ve in\u015faat \u015firketlerinin b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hakk\u0131nda kim veri derler ve rapor eder?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 361,
                  "text": "2014\u2019te"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57273e50dd62a815002e9a04",
              "question": "ENR hangi y\u0131lda dokuz pazar diliminde veri derlemi\u015ftir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 648,
                  "text": "ula\u015f\u0131m, at\u0131k, tehlikeli at\u0131klar ve su"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57273e50dd62a815002e9a05",
              "question": "ENR, ilk 400 firmay\u0131 a\u011f\u0131r m\u00fcteahhit olarak s\u0131ralamak i\u00e7in ne ile ilgili verileri kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? "
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Standart End\u00fcstriyel S\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma ve daha yeni olan Kuzey Amerika End\u00fcstri S\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma Sistemi, in\u015faat yapan veya ba\u015fka \u015fekilde in\u015faatla ilgilenen \u015firketler i\u00e7in s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma sistemine sahiptir. Bu sekt\u00f6rdeki \u015firketlerin farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fhi\u015f etmek i\u00e7in, \u00fc\u00e7 alt sekt\u00f6re ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: bina in\u015faat\u0131, a\u011f\u0131r b\u00fcy\u00fck in\u015faat ve in\u015faat m\u00fchendisli\u011fi yap\u0131m\u0131, alan\u0131nda uzman ticari m\u00fcteahhitler. Ayn\u0131 zamanda yap\u0131 hizmet firmalar\u0131(\u00f6rne\u011fin m\u00fchendislik, mimarlik) ve in\u015faat y\u00f6neticileri( yap\u0131 projesinin tamamlanmas\u0131nda direkt finansal sorumlulu\u011fu oldu\u011funu varsaymadan yap\u0131 y\u00f6netimine dahil olan firmalar)  i\u00e7in de kategoriler vard\u0131r.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 288,
                  "text": "bina in\u015faat\u0131, a\u011f\u0131r b\u00fcy\u00fck in\u015faat ve in\u015faat m\u00fchendisli\u011fi yap\u0131m\u0131, alan\u0131nda uzman ticari m\u00fcteahhitler."
                }
              ],
              "id": "57273f27dd62a815002e9a0a",
              "question": "\u0130n\u015faat\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7 alt sekt\u00f6r\u00fc nelerdir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 400,
                  "text": "yap\u0131 hizmet firmalar\u0131(\u00f6rne\u011fin m\u00fchendislik, mimarlik) ve in\u015faat y\u00f6neticileri"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57273f27dd62a815002e9a0b",
              "question": "Neler i\u00e7in ba\u015fka kategoriler vard\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 0,
                  "text": "Standart End\u00fcstriyel S\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma ve daha yeni olan Kuzey Amerika End\u00fcstri S\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma Sistemi"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57273f27dd62a815002e9a0c",
              "question": "\u0130n\u015faat \u015firketleri i\u00e7in s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma sistemine sahip olan nedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 477,
                  "text": "yap\u0131 projesinin tamamlanmas\u0131nda direkt finansal sorumlulu\u011fu oldu\u011funu varsaymadan yap\u0131 y\u00f6netimine dahil olan firmalar"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57273f27dd62a815002e9a0d",
              "question": "\u0130n\u015faat y\u00f6neticleri nelerdir?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Tasar\u0131mdaki modern e\u011filim, \u00f6zellikle b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015firketler aras\u0131nda, \u00f6nceden ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f uzmanl\u0131k alanlar\u0131n\u0131n birle\u015ftirilmesi y\u00f6n\u00fcndedir. Ge\u00e7mi\u015fte genellikle b\u00fcy\u00fck firmalarda bile mimarlar, i\u00e7 mimarlar, m\u00fchendisler, geli\u015ftiriciler, in\u015faat y\u00f6neticileri ve ana m\u00fcteahhitler ba\u015fl\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131na ayr\u0131 \u015firketlerdi. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde, g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrde \u201cmimarl\u0131k\u201d veya \u201cin\u015faat y\u00f6neticili\u011fi\u201d firmalar\u0131 olan \u015firketler, b\u00fcnyelerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan olarak ba\u011f\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olan t\u00fcm alanlardan uzmanlar bar\u0131nd\u0131rabilir veya gerekli her bir niteli\u011fi sa\u011flayacak ortak \u015firkete sahiptirler. Bu y\u00fczden bu gibi her \u015firket in\u015faat projeleri i\u00e7in ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7tan sonuna kadar kendini \u201dtek noktadan al\u0131\u015fveri\u015f\u201d olarak \u00f6nerir. \u201cTasarla in\u015fa et\u201d s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi olarak belirlenen bu s\u00f6zle\u015fmede, m\u00fcteahhite performans ko\u015fulu getirilir ve m\u00fcteahhit bu performans ko\u015fuluna ba\u011fl\u0131 kalarak projeyi tasar\u0131mdan in\u015faata kadar \u00fcstlenmelidir.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 63,
                  "text": "\u00f6nceden ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f uzmanl\u0131k alanlar\u0131n\u0131n"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57274e0d708984140094dbe5",
              "question": "Tasar\u0131mdaki modern e\u011filim neyin birle\u015ftirilmesine do\u011frudur?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 263,
                  "text": "ba\u015fl\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131na ayr\u0131 \u015firketlerdi."
                }
              ],
              "id": "57274e0d708984140094dbe6",
              "question": "B\u00fcy\u00fck firmalarda bile, mimarlar, i\u00e7 mimarlar, m\u00fchendisler, geli\u015ftiriciler, in\u015faat y\u00f6neticileri ve ana m\u00fcteahhitler genellikle ne olurdu?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 614,
                  "text": "\u201dtek noktadan al\u0131\u015fveri\u015f\u201d"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57274e0d708984140094dbe7",
              "question": "G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde, firmalar kendilerini in\u015faat projelerine ne olarak \u00f6nerebilirler?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 654,
                  "text": "\u201cTasarla in\u015fa et\u201d s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57274e0d708984140094dbe8",
              "question": "Ne t\u00fcr s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerde m\u00fcteahhite performans ko\u015fulu getirilir ve m\u00fcteahhit bu performans ko\u015fuluna ba\u011fl\u0131 kalarak projeyi tasar\u0131mdan in\u015faata kadar \u00fcstlenmek zorundad\u0131r?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Proje, imar ve yap\u0131 kural gerekliliklerine ba\u011fl\u0131 kalmal\u0131d\u0131r. Kurallara ba\u011fl\u0131 kalmakta ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olan bir proje in\u015fa etmek mal sahibine fayda sa\u011flamaz. Baz\u0131 yasal gereksinimler do\u011fas\u0131 gere\u011fi k\u00f6t\u00fc oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinden veya inkar edilmez \u015fekilde k\u00f6t\u00fc olan \u015feylerin \u00f6nlenmesi arzusundan gelir. Di\u011fer yasal gereksinimler kanun taraf\u0131ndan yasakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinden veya gelenekler ya da beklentilerin s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011fu \u015feylerden gelir, \u00f6rne\u011fin \u0130\u015fletmelerin bir i\u015f b\u00f6lgesine ve konutlar\u0131n bir yerle\u015fim b\u00f6lgesine izole edilmesi gibi. Bir avukat, bir kural\u0131n uygulanabilir olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 (k\u00f6pr\u00fc tasar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6kmesine neden olmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131) veya geleneklerin art\u0131k gerekli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia ederek(ya\u015fama-\u00e7al\u0131\u015fma mekanlar\u0131n\u0131n kabul\u00fcn\u00fcn toplum nezdinde artmas\u0131), binan\u0131n in\u015fa edilece\u011fi araziyi d\u00fczenleyen yasada de\u011fi\u015fiklik veya muafiyet isteyebilir.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 7,
                  "text": "imar ve yap\u0131 kural gerekliliklerine"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572750e8dd62a815002e9af0",
              "question": "Bir proje neye ba\u011fl\u0131 kalmal\u0131d\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 122,
                  "text": "mal sahibine"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572750e8dd62a815002e9af1",
              "question": "Kurallara ba\u011fl\u0131 kalmakta ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olmu\u015f bir projenin in\u015fas\u0131 kime fayda sa\u011flamaz?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 221,
                  "text": "inkar edilmez \u015fekilde k\u00f6t\u00fc olan \u015feylerin \u00f6nlenmesi arzusundan"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572750e8dd62a815002e9af2",
              "question": "Do\u011fas\u0131 gere\u011fi k\u00f6t\u00fc oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen nedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 365,
                  "text": "gelenekler ya da beklentilerin s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011fu \u015feylerden"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572750e8dd62a815002e9af3",
              "question": "Kanun taraf\u0131ndan yasaklananlar nelerdir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 527,
                  "text": "Bir avukat"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572750e8dd62a815002e9af4",
              "question": "Binan\u0131n in\u015fa edilece\u011fi araziyi d\u00fczenleyen kanunda de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri veya istisnalar\u0131 kim isteyebilir?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "title": "Construction"
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "context": "Erg\u00e4nzungsschulen, \u00f6zel \u015fah\u0131slar, \u00f6zel kurulu\u015flar veya nadiren dini gruplar taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fletilen ve devlet okullar\u0131nda bulunmayan bir t\u00fcr e\u011fitim sunan ortaokul veya ortaokul sonras\u0131 (\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc dereceden olmayan) okullard\u0131r. Bu okullar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu meslek okullar\u0131d\u0131r. Ancak, bu meslek okullar\u0131, Alman ikili e\u011fitim sisteminin bir par\u00e7as\u0131  de\u011fildir. Erg\u00e4nzungsschulen, h\u00fck\u00fcmet d\u00fczenlemeleri d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda faaliyet g\u00f6sterme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne  sahip ve \u00f6\u011frencilerinden \u00f6\u011frenim \u00fccretlerini tahsil etmek suretiyle finanse ediliyor. ",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 0,
                  "text": "Erg\u00e4nzungsschulen"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57274b35f1498d1400e8f5d4",
              "question": "Almanya'daki \u00f6zel orta \u00f6\u011fretim okullar\u0131 nas\u0131l adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 239,
                  "text": "meslek"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57274b35f1498d1400e8f5d5",
              "question": "En \u00e7ok ne t\u00fcr okullar erg\u00e4nzungsschulendir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 444,
                  "text": "\u00f6\u011frenim"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57274b35f1498d1400e8f5d6",
              "question": "Erg\u00e4nzungsschulen nas\u0131l finanse edilir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 63,
                  "text": "dini"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57274b35f1498d1400e8f5d7",
              "question": "\u00d6zel \u015fah\u0131slar ve kurulu\u015flarla birlikte, hangi gruplar bazen erg\u00e4nzungsschulen i\u015fletir?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Hindistan'da, \u00f6zel okullara ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z okullar denir, ancak baz\u0131 \u00f6zel okullar h\u00fck\u00fcmetten finansal yard\u0131m ald\u0131klar\u0131ndan, yard\u0131ml\u0131 veya yard\u0131ms\u0131z bir okul olabilir. Yani, tam anlam\u0131yla, \u00f6zel bir okul, yard\u0131ms\u0131z, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir okuldur. Bu tan\u0131m\u0131n amac\u0131 i\u00e7in, h\u00fck\u00fcmetten s\u00fcbvanse edilen bir oran sat\u0131n ald\u0131ktan sonra sat\u0131n almad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z de\u011fil, sadece maddi yard\u0131m etti\u011finiz kabul edilebilir. Hem sendika h\u00fck\u00fcmeti hem de devletlerin okullar\u0131 y\u00f6netme yetkisi dahilinde \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc E\u011fitim, anayasadaki E\u015fzamanl\u0131 yasama konular\u0131 listesinde yer almaktad\u0131r. Devletler, sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn y\u00f6netimi i\u00e7in kendi kural ve y\u00f6netmeliklerini olu\u015ftururken; uygulama, sendika h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin  geni\u015f politika y\u00f6nelimleri sa\u011flamas\u0131 i\u00e7indi. Di\u011fer \u015feylerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, bu ayn\u0131 zamanda okuldan ayr\u0131lma sertifikalar\u0131 i\u00e7in s\u0131navlar yapan 30  farkl\u0131 S\u0131nav Kurullar\u0131 veya akademik otoritelerle sonu\u00e7land\u0131. Birden fazla eyalette bulunan \u00f6nde gelen S\u0131nav Kurullar\u0131, CBSE ve CISCE, NENBSE'dir.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 28,
                  "text": "ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z okullar"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57274beff1498d1400e8f5e4",
              "question": "Bir Hint \u00f6zel okulu i\u00e7in terim nedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 909,
                  "text": "CBSE"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57274beff1498d1400e8f5e5",
              "question": "CISCE ve NENBSE ile birlikte, Birden fazla Hint devletinde g\u00f6ze \u00e7arpan bir S\u0131nav Kurulu nedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 785,
                  "text": "30"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57274beff1498d1400e8f5e6",
              "question": "Hindistan'da ka\u00e7 tane S\u0131nav Kurulu var?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 627,
                  "text": "sendika h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57274beff1498d1400e8f5e7",
              "question": "Hindistan'da hangi kurulu\u015f okullara politika y\u00f6nelimleri sa\u011fl\u0131yor?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "G\u00fcney Afrika'daki en eski okullardan baz\u0131lar\u0131 on dokuzuncu y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda misyonerler taraf\u0131ndan kurulan \u00f6zel kilise okullar\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6zel sekt\u00f6r o zamandan beri b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc. Irk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan G\u00fcney Afrika\u2019da \u00f6zel e\u011fitimi d\u00fczenleyen yasalar \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde de\u011fi\u015fti. 1996 G\u00fcney Afrika Okullar\u0131 Yasas\u0131 iki okul kategorisini tan\u0131r: \"kamu\" (devlet kontroll\u00fc) ve \"ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z\" (geleneksel \u00f6zel okullar\u0131 ve \u00f6zel olarak y\u00f6netilen okullar\u0131 i\u00e7eren[a\u00e7\u0131klama gerekli].)",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 291,
                  "text": "G\u00fcney Afrika Okullar\u0131 Yasas\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5727515f708984140094dc11",
              "question": "Hangi G\u00fcney Afrika yasas\u0131 iki t\u00fcr okulu tan\u0131d\u0131?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 286,
                  "text": "1996"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5727515f708984140094dc12",
              "question": "G\u00fcney Afrika Okullar\u0131 Kanunu hangi y\u0131l ge\u00e7ti?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 379,
                  "text": "ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5727515f708984140094dc13",
              "question": "Devlet okullar\u0131yla birlikte, G\u00fcney Afrika Okullar\u0131 Kanunu kapsam\u0131nda ne t\u00fcr bir okul tan\u0131nd\u0131?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 390,
                  "text": "geleneksel \u00f6zel"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5727515f708984140094dc14",
              "question": "G\u00fcney Afrika'da, \u00f6zel olarak y\u00f6netilen okullarla birlikte, hangi okullar ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 46,
                  "text": "on dokuzuncu y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5727515f708984140094dc15",
              "question": "Misyonerler hangi y\u00fczy\u0131lda \u00f6zellikle G\u00fcney Afrika'da kilise okullar\u0131 kurdular?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Irk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k d\u00f6neminin son y\u0131llar\u0131nda, beyaz devlet okullar\u0131ndaki ebeveynlere Model C ad\u0131 verilen \"yar\u0131 \u00f6zel\" bir forma d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrme se\u00e7ene\u011fi verildi ve bu okullar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu, di\u011fer \u0131rklar\u0131n \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131 kabul etmek i\u00e7in kabul politikalar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirdi. Demokrasiye ge\u00e7i\u015fin ard\u0131ndan, \"Model C\" nin yasal formu kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131, ancak, terim vaktiyle beyaz \u00e7ocuklar i\u00e7in ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f devlet okullar\u0131 tan\u0131mlamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lmaya devam ediyor .. Bu okullar, daha \u00f6nce di\u011fer \u0131rk gruplar\u0131 i\u00e7in ayr\u0131lan devlet okullar\u0131ndan daha iyi akademik sonu\u00e7lar \u00fcretme e\u011filimindedir. Eski \u201cModel C\u201d okullar\u0131 devlet kontrol\u00fcnde oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in \u00f6zel okul de\u011fildir. G\u00fcney Afrika'daki t\u00fcm okullar (hem ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z okullar hem de devlet okullar\u0131 dahil) zorunlu okul \u00fccretleri belirleme hakk\u0131na sahiptir ve eski C model okullar di\u011fer devlet okullar\u0131ndan \u00e7ok daha y\u00fcksek okul \u00fccretleri belirleme e\u011filimindedir.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 333,
                  "text": "beyaz \u00e7ocuklar i\u00e7in ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f devlet okullar\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57275409708984140094dc35",
              "question": "Irk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131ktan sonra, hangi t\u00fcr okullara \"Model C\" okullar denir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 497,
                  "text": "daha iyi"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57275409708984140094dc36",
              "question": "Eski Model C okullar\u0131ndaki akademik sonu\u00e7lar di\u011fer okullarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda nas\u0131ld\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 807,
                  "text": "daha y\u00fcksek"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57275409708984140094dc37",
              "question": "Eski Model C okullar\u0131ndaki \u00fccretler di\u011fer okullardaki okullara g\u00f6re nas\u0131ld\u0131r?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri'nin bir\u00e7ok yerinde, Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri okullar\u0131n\u0131n \u201cb\u00fct\u00fcn kas\u0131tl\u0131 h\u0131zda\u201d \u0131rk ay\u0131r\u0131m\u0131na son vermesini talep eden 1954 tarihli Brown v. Topeka E\u011fitim Kurulu d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131 davas\u0131ndan sonra, yerel aileler \u00f6zel \"H\u0131ristiyan akademiler\" dalgas\u0131 d\u00fczenlediler. G\u00fcney ABD'nin bir\u00e7ok yerinde, devlet okullar\u0131 s\u0131rayla Afrikal\u0131-Amerikal\u0131 \u00f6\u011frencilerle daha yo\u011fun bir \u015fekilde yo\u011funla\u015f\u0131rken, bir\u00e7ok beyaz \u00f6\u011frenci akademiye ge\u00e7ti (bkz. Mississippi'deki \u00f6zel okullar\u0131n listesi). Akademilerin akademik i\u00e7eri\u011fi genellikle Kolej Haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131yd\u0131. 1970'lerden beri, baz\u0131lar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya devam etmesine ra\u011fmen bu \"ay\u0131rma akademilerinin\" bir\u00e7o\u011fu kapand\u0131. [Kaynak belirtilmeli]",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 162,
                  "text": "Brown v. Topeka E\u011fitim Kurulu"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572757bef1498d1400e8f690",
              "question": "Hangi dava ABD\u2019deki okullarda \u0131rk ay\u0131r\u0131m\u0131na son verdi?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 622,
                  "text": "ay\u0131rma akademilerinin"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572757bef1498d1400e8f691",
              "question": "Okul ayr\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan H\u0131ristiyan akademiler i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lay\u0131c\u0131 bir terim nedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 289,
                  "text": "G\u00fcney"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572757bef1498d1400e8f692",
              "question": "Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri'nin hangi b\u00f6lgesinde bir\u00e7ok \u00f6\u011frenci \u0131rk ayr\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 d\u00f6neminde H\u0131ristiyan akademilere ge\u00e7ti?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 420,
                  "text": "beyaz"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572757bef1498d1400e8f693",
              "question": "Brown karar\u0131ndan sonra Hristiyan akademilerine kat\u0131lan \u00f6\u011frencilerin ilk \u0131rk\u0131 neydi?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 343,
                  "text": "Afrikal\u0131-Amerikal\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572757bef1498d1400e8f694",
              "question": "Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri'ndeki okullarda \u0131rk ayr\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, devlet okullar\u0131nda hangi etnik k\u00f6kene sahip \u00f6\u011frenci say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131na neden oldu?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "title": "Private_school"
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "context": "\u00dcniversite Boston metropol b\u00f6lgesi boyunca kamp\u00fcsleri olan, on bir ayr\u0131 akademik birim\u2014on fak\u00fclte ve Radcliffe \u0130leri Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u2014 halinde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir: 209 d\u00f6n\u00fcml\u00fck (85 hektarl\u0131k) ana kamp\u00fcs\u00fc, Cambridge'deki Harvard Yard'da, Boston'\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k 3 mil (5 km) kuzeybat\u0131s\u0131nda bulunmaktad\u0131r; Harvard Stadyumu da dahil olmak \u00fczere i\u015fletme okulu ve atletizm tesisleri, Boston'un Allston semtindeki Charles Nehri'nin kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndad\u0131r ve t\u0131p, di\u015fhekimli\u011fi ve halk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 okullar\u0131 Longwood T\u0131p B\u00f6lgesi'ndedir. Harvard'\u0131n 37.6 milyar dolarl\u0131k finansal deste\u011fi herhangi bir akademik kurumun en b\u00fcy\u00fc\u011f\u00fcd\u00fcr.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 372,
                  "text": "Boston'un"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5727aec03acd2414000de991",
              "question": "\u00dcniversitenin bulundu\u011fu b\u00fcy\u00fck ABD \u015fehri nedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 519,
                  "text": "37.6 milyar"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5727aec03acd2414000de992",
              "question": "Okulun ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc nedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 401,
                  "text": "Charles Nehri'nin"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5727aec03acd2414000de993",
              "question": "Okulun yak\u0131n\u0131nda hangi nehir bulunmaktad\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 60,
                  "text": "on bir"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5727aec03acd2414000de994",
              "question": "Okulu ne kadar akademik birim olu\u015fturuyor?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 218,
                  "text": "Harvard Yard'da"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5727aec03acd2414000de995",
              "question": "Ana kamp\u00fcs\u00fcn Cambridge'de merkezli oldu\u011fu alan\u0131n ad\u0131 nedir?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Harvard Business School ve Harvard Stadyumu da dahil olmak \u00fczere \u00fcniversitenin atletizm tesislerinin \u00e7o\u011fu, Allston'daki Cambridge kamp\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki 358 d\u00f6n\u00fcml\u00fck (145 hektar) kamp\u00fcste yer almaktad\u0131r. John W. Weeks K\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc, her iki kamp\u00fcs\u00fc birbirine ba\u011flayan Charles Nehri \u00fczerindeki yaya k\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fcd\u00fcr. Harvard T\u0131p Okulu, Harvard Di\u015f Hekimli\u011fi Okulu ve Harvard Halk Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Okulu, Boston \u015fehir merkezinin yakla\u015f\u0131k 3,3 mil (5.3 km) g\u00fcneybat\u0131s\u0131nda ve Cambridge kamp\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn 3,3 mil (5,3 km) g\u00fcneyinde, Longwood T\u0131p ve Akademik Alan\u0131nda 21 d\u00f6n\u00fcml\u00fck (8,5 hektarl\u0131k) bir kamp\u00fcste konumlanmaktad\u0131r.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 107,
                  "text": "Allston'daki"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5727cc15ff5b5019007d9576",
              "question": "Harvard Stadyumu nerededir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 205,
                  "text": "John W. Weeks K\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5727cc15ff5b5019007d9577",
              "question": "Charles Nehri kamp\u00fcs\u00fcndeki baz\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerine kat\u0131lan k\u00f6pr\u00fcn\u00fcn ad\u0131 nedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 500,
                  "text": "Longwood T\u0131p ve Akademik Alan\u0131nda"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5727cc15ff5b5019007d9578",
              "question": "Harvard t\u0131p, di\u015f\u00e7ilik ve halk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 okulu nerede bulunur?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "1980'lerin, sonlar\u0131nda G\u00fcney Afrika hareketinden ayr\u0131l\u0131rken, \u00f6\u011frenci aktivistleri Harvard Yard'da sembolik bir \"gecekondu mahallesi\" kurdular ve G\u00fcney Afrika Ba\u015fkonsolos Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 Duke Kent-Brown taraf\u0131ndan verilen  konu\u015fmay\u0131 engellediler. Harvard Y\u00f6netim \u015eirketi defalarca elden \u00e7\u0131karmay\u0131 \"i\u015fletme  giderleri finansal olarak ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i olmayan k\u0131s\u0131tlamalara tabi olmamal\u0131d\u0131r,  deneyimsiz veya \u00f6zel \u00e7\u0131kar gruplar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan kar\u015f\u0131lanmamal\u0131d\u0131r\u201d diyerek reddetti. Bununla birlikte, \u00fcniversite nihayetinde bask\u0131ya cevaben G\u00fcney  Afrika'daki varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 400 milyon dolardan 230 milyon dolara d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrd\u00fc.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 0,
                  "text": "1980'lerin"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5727d0f73acd2414000ded13",
              "question": "G\u00fcney Afrika hareketinden yoksun b\u0131rakma ne zamand\u0131?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 181,
                  "text": "Duke Kent-Brown"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5727d0f73acd2414000ded14",
              "question": "Harvard \u00f6\u011frencileri hangi G\u00fcney Afrika Konsolos Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131'n\u0131n konu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 ablukaya ald\u0131?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 570,
                  "text": "230 milyon"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5727d0f73acd2414000ded15",
              "question": "Harvard y\u00f6netimi, bask\u0131ya cevap olarak G\u00fcney Afrika'daki varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ne kadar d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrd\u00fc?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Harvard'a lisans kabul\u00fc, Carnegie Vakf\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan \"daha se\u00e7ici, daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ge\u00e7i\u015f\" olarak tan\u0131mlan\u0131r. Harvard Koleji 2019 s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 i\u00e7in ba\u015fvuranlar\u0131n %5,3'\u00fcn\u00fc  kabul etmi\u015ftir, t\u00fcm ulusal \u00fcniversiteler aras\u0131nda rekor d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ve ikinci en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck kabul oran\u0131. Harvard College, se\u00e7meli \u00fcniversitelere ba\u015fvuran d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck gelirli ve az temsil edilen az\u0131nl\u0131k ba\u015fvuru sahiplerinin dezavantaj\u0131 oldu\u011funa inan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, 2007 y\u0131l\u0131nda erken kabul program\u0131na son verdi, fakat 2016 s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 i\u00e7in bir Erken Eylem program\u0131 yeniden tan\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 148,
                  "text": "%5,3'\u00fcn\u00fc"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5727d1c93acd2414000ded3f",
              "question": "2019 s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 i\u00e7in ba\u015fvuru kabul oran\u0131 nedir? "
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 401,
                  "text": "2007"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5727d1c93acd2414000ded40",
              "question": "Harvard hangi y\u0131l erken kabul program\u0131na son verdi?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 301,
                  "text": "d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck gelirli ve az temsil edilen az\u0131nl\u0131k ba\u015fvuru sahiplerinin dezavantaj\u0131 oldu\u011funa inan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan,"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5727d1c93acd2414000ded41",
              "question": "Harvard neden erken kabul program\u0131na son verdi?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 454,
                  "text": "2016"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5727d1c93acd2414000ded42",
              "question": "Hangi y\u0131lda erken bir kabul program\u0131 yeniden ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Politikac\u0131lar: BM Genel Sekreteri Ban Ki-moon; Amerikan politik liderleri John Hancock, John Adams, John Quincy Adams, Rutherford B. Hayes, Theodore Roosevelt, Franklin D.Roosevelt, John F. Kennedy, Al Gore, George W. Bush ve Barack Obama; \u015eili Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Sebasti\u00e1n Pi\u00f1era; Kolombiya Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Juan Manuel Santos; Kosta Rika Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda Figueres; Meksika Cumhurba\u015fkanlar\u0131 Felipe Calder\u00f3n, Carlos Salinas de Gortari ve Miguel de la Madrid; Mo\u011folistan Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj; Peru Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Alejandro Toledo; Tayvan Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Ma Ying-jeou; Kanada Genel Valisi David Lloyd Johnston; Hindistan Parlamentosu \u00dcyesi Jayant Sinha; Arnavutluk Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Fan S. Noli; Kanada Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Mackenzie King ve Pierre Trudeau; Yunanistan Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Antonis Samaras; \u0130srail Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Benjamin Netanyahu; eski Pakistan Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Benazir Butto; ABD Konut ve Kentsel Kalk\u0131nma Sekreteri Shaun Donovan; Kanadal\u0131 siyasi lider Michael Ignatieff; Pakistanl\u0131 \u0130l Meclisi \u00dcyeleri Murtaza Butto ve Sanam Butto; Banglade\u015f Maliye Bakan\u0131 Abul Maal Abdul Muhith; Puntland Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Abdiweli Mohamed Ali; ABD Avrupa Birli\u011fi B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7isi Anthony Luzzatto Gardner.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 34,
                  "text": "Ban Ki-moon"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5727de862ca10214002d9860",
              "question": "Hangi BM sekreteri Harvard'a gitti?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 301,
                  "text": "Juan Manuel Santos"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5727de862ca10214002d9861",
              "question": "Hangi Columbia Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Harvard'a gitti?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 346,
                  "text": "Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda Figueres"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5727de862ca10214002d9862",
              "question": "Harvard'a giden Kosta Rika Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 kimdir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 804,
                  "text": "Benjamin Netanyahu"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5727de862ca10214002d9863",
              "question": "Hangi Harvard mezunu Filistin Ba\u015fbakanyd\u0131?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "title": "Harvard_University"
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "context": "Jacksonville, n\u00fcfusa g\u00f6re, ABD'de Florida eyaletinde en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehirdir ve y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc olarak Biti\u015fik ABD'deki b\u00f6lgelere g\u00f6re en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehirdir. 1968 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u015fehir y\u00f6netiminin birle\u015fti\u011fi Duval Vilayetinin, vilayet merkezidir. Konsolidasyon, Jacksonville'e b\u00fcy\u00fck boyutunu verdi ve b\u00fcy\u00fck\u015fehir n\u00fcfusunun \u00e7o\u011funu \u015fehir s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7erisine yerle\u015ftirdi; 2014 y\u0131l\u0131nda tahmini 853.382 n\u00fcfusla, Florida ve G\u00fcneydo\u011fu\u2019daki en kalabal\u0131k \u015fehir ve Birle\u015fik Devletler'deki en kalabal\u0131k 12. kenttir. Jacksonville, 2010 y\u0131l\u0131nda 1,345,596 n\u00fcfusuyla Jacksonville B\u00fcy\u00fck\u015fehir b\u00f6lgesindeki ba\u015fl\u0131ca \u015fehirdir.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 0,
                  "text": "Jacksonville"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5727c94bff5b5019007d954a",
              "question": "Hangi Florida \u015fehri en \u00e7ok n\u00fcfusa sahip?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 507,
                  "text": "1,345,596"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5727c94bff5b5019007d954b",
              "question": "2010 itibariyle Jacksonville \u015fehrinin n\u00fcfusu ne kadard\u0131?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 467,
                  "text": "12."
                }
              ],
              "id": "5727c94bff5b5019007d954c",
              "question": "Sadece n\u00fcfusa dayanarak, Jacksonville'nin ABD'deki s\u0131ralamas\u0131 nedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 184,
                  "text": "Duval Vilayetinin"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5727c94bff5b5019007d954d",
              "question": "Jacksonville hangi vilayete ba\u011fl\u0131?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 142,
                  "text": "1968"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5727c94bff5b5019007d954e",
              "question": "Konsolidasyon hangi y\u0131l Jacksonville'in Duval Vilayetinin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olmas\u0131na neden oldu?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Jacksonville, kuzeydo\u011fu Florida'n\u0131n Birinci K\u0131y\u0131 b\u00f6lgesinde ve St. Johns Nehri'nin, k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda, Georgia eyalet hatt\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k 25 mil (40 km) g\u00fcneyinde ve Miami'nin yakla\u015f\u0131k 340 mil (550 km) kuzeyinde bulunmaktad\u0131r. Jacksonville Plajlar\u0131 topluluklar\u0131 biti\u015fik Atlantik k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131 boyuncad\u0131r. Alan aslen Timucua halk\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve 1564 y\u0131l\u0131nda, \u015fu an k\u0131ta olan ABD'de en eski Avrupa yerle\u015fim yerlerinden biri olan Fort Caroline'nin Frans\u0131z kolonisinin yeriydi. \u0130ngiliz egemenli\u011fi alt\u0131nda, yerle\u015fim s\u0131\u011f\u0131rlar\u0131n ge\u00e7ti\u011fi Seminole'lara Wacca Pilatka olarak, \u0130ngilizlere \u0130nek Ford olarak bilinen nehrin dar noktas\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc. 1822'de, ABD'nin \u0130spanya'dan Florida'y\u0131 kazanmas\u0131ndan bir y\u0131l sonra, orada d\u00fcz bir kasaba kuruldu; sonra Florida B\u00f6lgesi'nin ilk askeri valisi ve Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri'nin yedinci Ba\u015fkan\u0131 olan Andrew Jackson'\u0131n ad\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 63,
                  "text": "St. Johns Nehri'nin"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5727cb4b2ca10214002d9676",
              "question": "Jacksonville ile birlikte hangi nehir ak\u0131yor?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 175,
                  "text": "340 mil"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5727cb4b2ca10214002d9677",
              "question": "Jacksonville, Miami'den ne kadar uzakta?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 413,
                  "text": "Fort Caroline'nin"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5727cb4b2ca10214002d9678",
              "question": "1564 y\u0131l\u0131nda kurulan Frans\u0131z kolonisinin ad\u0131 nedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 301,
                  "text": "Timucua"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5727cb4b2ca10214002d9679",
              "question": "Frans\u0131zlar\u0131n gelmesinden \u00f6nce, \u015eimdi Jacksonville olarak bilinen b\u00f6lge daha \u00f6nce hangi insanlar taraf\u0131ndan iskan edilmi\u015fti?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 818,
                  "text": "Andrew Jackson'\u0131n"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5727cb4b2ca10214002d967a",
              "question": "Hangi fig\u00fcr daha sonra Jacksonville olarak isimlendirildi?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Frans\u0131z Huguenot k\u00e2\u015fifi Jean Ribault, 1562'de St. Johns Nehri'ni May\u0131s Nehri olarak nitelendirdi \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc onu \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc may\u0131s ay\u0131nda ke\u015ffetti. Ribault yak\u0131n g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz Jacksonville'ye, Fransa i\u00e7in yeni ke\u015ffedilen araziyi talep eden ta\u015f bir s\u00fctun dikti. 1564 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Ren\u00e9 Goulaine de Laudonni\u00e8re ilk Avrupa yerle\u015fimi Fort Caroline'yi, Saturiwa'n\u0131n ana k\u00f6y\u00fcn\u00fcn yak\u0131n\u0131ndaki St. Johns'un \u00fczerine kurdu. \u0130spanya'l\u0131 Philip II, Pedro Men\u00e9ndez de Avil\u00e9s'e Fort Caroline'daki Frans\u0131z varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na sald\u0131rarak \u0130spanya'n\u0131n \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 korumas\u0131n\u0131 emretti. 20 Eyl\u00fcl 1565'te, yak\u0131ndaki St. Augustine yerle\u015fim yerinden bir \u0130spanyol g\u00fcc\u00fc, Fort Caroline'e sald\u0131rd\u0131 ve neredeyse t\u00fcm onu savunan Frans\u0131z askerlerini \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc. \u0130spanyollar ad\u0131n\u0131 San Mateo olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirdi ve Frans\u0131zlar\u0131n tahliyesini takiben, Florida'daki en \u00f6nemli yerle\u015fim yeri olan St. Augustine'nin konumu sa\u011flamla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Fort Caroline'in yeri tart\u0131\u015fmaya a\u00e7\u0131k fakat 1964 y\u0131l\u0131nda St. Johns Nehri'nde kalenin yeniden in\u015fas\u0131 yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. ",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 24,
                  "text": "Jean Ribault"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c26",
              "question": "Johns Nehri'ni 1562'de kim haritalad\u0131?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 175,
                  "text": "Fransa"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c27",
              "question": "Hangi millet i\u00e7in Ribault ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta \u015fimdi Jacksonville'in ne oldu\u011funu iddia etti?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 412,
                  "text": "Pedro Men\u00e9ndez de Avil\u00e9s'e"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c28",
              "question": "1565\u2019te Frans\u0131z kolonisinin sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131na kim yol a\u00e7t\u0131?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 711,
                  "text": "San Mateo"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c29",
              "question": "\u0130spanyol sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131ndan sonra Fort Caroline'\u0131n ad\u0131 neydi?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 861,
                  "text": "Fort Caroline'in"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c2a",
              "question": "1964 y\u0131l\u0131nda hangi kale in\u015fa edildi?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Jacksonville, Birle\u015fik Devletler'deki \u00e7o\u011fu b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehir gibi, II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131'ndan sonra h\u0131zl\u0131 kentsel yay\u0131lman\u0131n olumsuz etkilerinden muzdaripti. Karayollar\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131m\u0131, sakinlerin banliy\u00f6lerde daha yeni konutlara ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131na neden oldu. II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131'ndan sonra, Jacksonville \u015fehri h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, sava\u015ftan sonra ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan patlamada yeni kamu bina projelerini finanse etmek i\u00e7in harcamalar\u0131 artt\u0131rmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Belediye Ba\u015fkan\u0131 W. Haydon Burns' Jacksonville hikayesi dinamik bir sivil gurur duygusu yaratan yeni bir belediye binas\u0131, sivil oditoryum, halk k\u00fct\u00fcphanesi ve di\u011fer projelerin in\u015fas\u0131 ile sonu\u00e7land\u0131. Ancak, banliy\u00f6lerin geli\u015fmesi ve ard\u0131ndan orta s\u0131n\u0131f \"beyaz u\u00e7u\u015f\" dalgas\u0131, Jacksonville'i \u00f6ncekinden \u00e7ok daha fakir bir n\u00fcfusa b\u0131rakt\u0131. \u015eehrin en kalabal\u0131k etnik grubu olan \u0130spanyol olmayan beyazlar, 1970\u2019te %75.8\u2019den %55.1\u2019e d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 147,
                  "text": "Karayollar\u0131n\u0131n"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57281ab63acd2414000df493",
              "question": "Sakinleri daha sessiz banliy\u00f6 konutlar\u0131na s\u00fcr\u00fckleyen \u015fey nedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 829,
                  "text": "%55.1\u2019e"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57281ab63acd2414000df494",
              "question": "2010'dan itibariyle Jacksonville'in beyaz n\u00fcfusu neydi?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 665,
                  "text": "beyaz u\u00e7u\u015f"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57281ab63acd2414000df495",
              "question": "Banliy\u00f6leri b\u0131rakan orta s\u0131n\u0131f vatanda\u015flara hangi terim atfedilir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 412,
                  "text": "Belediye Ba\u015fkan\u0131 W. Haydon Burns"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57281ab63acd2414000df496",
              "question": "Jacksonville'deki yeni bina projelerinden kim sorumluydu?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 61,
                  "text": "II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131'ndan"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57281ab63acd2414000df497",
              "question": "Jacksonville, hangi b\u00fcy\u00fck d\u00fcnya olay\u0131ndan sonra ac\u0131 \u00e7ekmeye ve d\u00fc\u015fmeye ba\u015flad\u0131?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Her ne kadar tehdit, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kas\u0131rgan\u0131n do\u011frudan vurmas\u0131 ile mevcut olsa da Jacksonville kas\u0131rgalardan di\u011fer do\u011fu sahil \u015fehirlerine g\u00f6re daha az zarar g\u00f6rd\u00fc. \u015eehir, 1871'den bu yana yaln\u0131zca bir kas\u0131rgadan direkt isabet ald\u0131; ancak Jacksonville, Meksika K\u00f6rfezi'nden Atlantik Okyanusu'na ge\u00e7en f\u0131rt\u0131nalar veya veya Atlantik'te kuzeye veya g\u00fcneye ge\u00e7mesi ve b\u00f6lgeyi f\u0131r\u00e7alamas\u0131 sebebiyle bir d\u00fczineden fazla kas\u0131rga veya kas\u0131rgaya yak\u0131n ko\u015fullar\u0131 ya\u015fad\u0131. Jacksonville \u00fczerindeki en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc etki 1964 y\u0131l\u0131nda Dora kas\u0131rgas\u0131, \u0130lk Sahil \u015feridinde s\u00fcrekli kas\u0131rga-kuvveti r\u00fczgarlar\u0131 vuran tek f\u0131rt\u0131na, oldu. G\u00f6zler zar zor 110 mph (180 km/s'a azalan, Saffir-Simpson Skalas\u0131nda g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir Kategori 2 yapan, r\u00fczgar\u0131yla St. Augustine'e \u00e7evrildi. Jacksonville ayr\u0131ca, devlet \u00e7apraz giden, Jacksonville\u2019in par\u00e7alar\u0131na d\u00f6rt g\u00fcn karanl\u0131k getiren 2008'deki Tropikal F\u0131rt\u0131na Fay\u2019\u0131ndan da zarar g\u00f6rd\u00fc. Benzer \u015fekilde, bundan d\u00f6rt y\u0131l \u00f6nce, bu alan\u0131n g\u00fcneyine d\u00fc\u015fen Jacksonville, Frances ve Hurricane Jeanne Kas\u0131rgas\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan su alt\u0131nda kald\u0131. Bu tropikal siklonlar, Jacksonville'e en pahal\u0131ya mal olan, endirekt darbeydi. 1999'da Floyd kas\u0131rgas\u0131, esas olarak Jacksonville Plaj\u0131'na zarar verdi. Floyd s\u0131ras\u0131nda, Jacksonville Plaj\u0131 iskelesi ciddi \u015fekilde hasar g\u00f6rd\u00fc ve daha sonra y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131. Yeniden in\u015fa edilen iskele daha sonra Fay taraf\u0131ndan hasar g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f, ancak harap olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Tropik F\u0131rt\u0131na Bonnie, bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir kas\u0131rga b\u0131rakarak, 2004 y\u0131l\u0131nda k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck hasarlara neden olacakt\u0131r. 28 May\u0131s 2012\u2019de, Jacksonville, Tropik F\u0131rt\u0131na Berly, taraf\u0131ndan vuruldu, Jacksonville Plaj\u0131 yak\u0131n\u0131nda karaya inen saatte 70 mile (113 km/s) varan tampon r\u00fczgarlar.   ",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 507,
                  "text": "Dora kas\u0131rgas\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572824f13acd2414000df58f",
              "question": "Hangi frt\u0131na Jacksonville \u00fczerinde en \u00f6nemli etkiyi yapt\u0131?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 618,
                  "text": "110 mph"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572824f13acd2414000df590",
              "question": "1964 kas\u0131rgas\u0131nda Aziz Augustine etraf\u0131ndaki r\u00fczgarlar ne kadar h\u0131zl\u0131yd\u0131?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 1507,
                  "text": "Tropik F\u0131rt\u0131na Berly"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572824f13acd2414000df591",
              "question": "2012 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n may\u0131s ay\u0131nda Jacksonville'i vuran f\u0131rt\u0131nan\u0131n ad\u0131 neydi?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 646,
                  "text": "Saffir-Simpson Skalas\u0131nda"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572824f13acd2414000df592",
              "question": "Kas\u0131rgalar\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6l\u00e7mek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan skala nedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 833,
                  "text": "2008"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572824f13acd2414000df593",
              "question": "Tropikal bir f\u0131rt\u0131na hangi y\u0131l Jacksonville'de d\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck bir g\u00fc\u00e7 kayb\u0131na neden oldu?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "title": "Jacksonville,_Florida"
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "context": "Ekonomist Joseph Stiglitz 2009 y\u0131l\u0131nda, \u00fclkelerdeki k\u00fcresel e\u015fitsizlik ve e\u015fitsizli\u011fin toplam talebi s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rarak b\u00fcy\u00fcmeyi \u00f6nledi\u011fine dair kan\u0131tlar sundu. Ekonomist Branko Milanovic, 2001 y\u0131l\u0131nda \"Gelir e\u015fitsizli\u011finin b\u00fcy\u00fcmeye zarar verdi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc \u2013 veya geli\u015fmi\u015f e\u015fitlik b\u00fcy\u00fcmenin s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir \u2013 son y\u0131llarda daha yayg\u0131n bir \u015fekilde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. \u2026 Bu de\u011fi\u015fimin temel nedeni, be\u015fer\u00ee sermayenin kalk\u0131nmadaki artan \u00f6nemidir. Fiziksel sermaye en \u00f6nemli konu oldu\u011funda, tasarruf ve yat\u0131r\u0131mlar anahtard\u0131. O zaman gelirlerinden daha b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda fakir olanlardan tasarruf edebilecek ve fiziki sermayeye yat\u0131r\u0131m yapabilecek zengin bir varl\u0131k grubuna sahip olmak \u00f6nemliydi. Ancak \u015fimdi insan sermayesi makinelerden daha az oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in yayg\u0131n e\u011fitim b\u00fcy\u00fcmenin s\u0131rr\u0131 haline geldi.\u201d \u015feklinde yazd\u0131.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 142,
                  "text": "kan\u0131tlar"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572a1046af94a219006aa78d",
              "question": "Stiglitz, 2009 y\u0131l\u0131nda k\u00fcresel e\u015fitsizlik konusunda ne buldu?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 87,
                  "text": "toplam talebi s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rarak"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572a1046af94a219006aa78e",
              "question": "E\u015fitsizlik b\u00fcy\u00fcmeyi nas\u0131l \u00f6nler?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 158,
                  "text": "Ekonomist"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572a1046af94a219006aa78f",
              "question": "Hem Branko Milanovic hem de Joseph Stiglitz nelerdir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 399,
                  "text": "be\u015fer\u00ee sermayenin kalk\u0131nmadaki artan \u00f6nemidir"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572a1046af94a219006aa790",
              "question": "Gelir e\u015fitsizli\u011finin b\u00fcy\u00fcmeye zarar verdi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne d\u00f6nmenin ana nedeni neydi?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 750,
                  "text": "yayg\u0131n e\u011fitim"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572a1046af94a219006aa791",
              "question": "Ekonomik b\u00fcy\u00fcmeye ne s\u0131r oldu?  "
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "1993'te Galor ve Zeira, kredi piyasas\u0131 kusurlar\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki e\u015fitsizli\u011fin insan sermayesi olu\u015fumu ve ekonomik kalk\u0131nma \u00fczerinde uzun s\u00fcreli zararl\u0131 bir etkiye sahip oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Perotti taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan 1996 tarihli bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, e\u015fitsizli\u011fin ekonomik b\u00fcy\u00fcmeyi etkileyebilece\u011fi kanallar\u0131 inceledi. Kredi piyasas\u0131 kusur yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131na g\u00f6re e\u015fitsizli\u011fin daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck insan sermayesi olu\u015fumu seviyesi (e\u011fitim, deneyim ve \u00e7\u0131rakl\u0131k) ve y\u00fcksek do\u011furganl\u0131k d\u00fczeyi ile ve b\u00f6ylece daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck b\u00fcy\u00fcme seviyeleri ile ili\u015fkili oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterdi. E\u015fitsizli\u011fin, \u00f6zel tasarruf ve yat\u0131r\u0131mlardaki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015flerden kaynaklanan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck b\u00fcy\u00fcme seviyeleri ile ili\u015fkili olan daha y\u00fcksek oranda yeniden da\u011f\u0131tma vergilendirmesi ile ili\u015fkili oldu\u011funu buldu. Perotti, \"Daha e\u015fit toplumlar d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck do\u011furganl\u0131k oranlar\u0131na ve e\u011fitime daha y\u00fcksek yat\u0131r\u0131m oranlar\u0131na sahiptir. Her ikisi de daha y\u00fcksek b\u00fcy\u00fcme oranlar\u0131na yans\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca, \u00e7ok e\u015fitsiz toplumlar, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck yat\u0131r\u0131m oranlar\u0131na ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla b\u00fcy\u00fcmeye yans\u0131yan politik ve sosyal a\u00e7\u0131dan dengesiz olma e\u011filimindedir.\" \u015feklinde noktalad\u0131.Galor ve Zeria e\u015fitsizlik hakk\u0131nda ne zaman yeni bilgiler g\u00f6sterdi?",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 0,
                  "text": "1993'te"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572a11663f37b31900478693",
              "question": "Galor ve Zeria e\u015fitsizlik hakk\u0131nda ne zaman yeni bilgiler g\u00f6sterdi?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 144,
                  "text": "zararl\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572a11663f37b31900478694",
              "question": "Kredi piyasas\u0131 kusurlar\u0131n\u0131n mevcudiyetindeki e\u015fitsizlik, insan sermayesi olu\u015fumu \u00fczerinde nas\u0131l bir etkiye sahiptir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 245,
                  "text": "e\u015fitsizli\u011fin ekonomik b\u00fcy\u00fcmeyi etkileyebilece\u011fi kanallar\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572a11663f37b31900478695",
              "question": "Perotti taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan bir 1996 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda neler incelendi?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 448,
                  "text": "do\u011furganl\u0131k"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572a11663f37b31900478696",
              "question": "Daha y\u00fcksek d\u00fczeylerle ilgili e\u015fitsizlik nedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 986,
                  "text": "politik ve sosyal a\u00e7\u0131dan dengesiz olma"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572a11663f37b31900478697",
              "question": "E\u015fit olmayan toplumlar ne olma e\u011filimindedir?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Gelir e\u015fitsizli\u011fi ve b\u00fcy\u00fcme \u00fczerine yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar, bazen ekonomik geli\u015fme ile birlikte,  e\u015fitsizli\u011fin \u00f6nce artt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, sonra azald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade eden Kuznets'in e\u011fri hipotezini do\u011frulayan kan\u0131tlar buldu. Ekonomist Thomas Piketty, 1914'ten 1945'e kadar sava\u015flar\u0131n ve \u201c\u015fiddetli ekonomik ve politik \u015foklar\u0131n\u201d e\u015fitsizli\u011fi azaltt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia ederek bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe meydan okuyor. Dahas\u0131, Piketty, uzun vadede ekonomik b\u00fcy\u00fcmenin dengelenmesi \u00fczerinde durmas\u0131yla \"b\u00fcy\u00fcl\u00fc\" Kuznets e\u011frisi hipotezinin 1970'lerden bu yana geli\u015fmi\u015f d\u00fcnyadaki ekonomik e\u015fitsizlikteki \u00f6nemli art\u0131\u015f\u0131 hesaba katamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savunuyor.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 151,
                  "text": "Kuznets'in e\u011fri hipotezini"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572a13841d0469140077973b",
              "question": "Gelir e\u015fitsizli\u011fi ile ilgili \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar bazen hangi do\u011frulayan kan\u0131tlar\u0131 buldu?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 107,
                  "text": "\u00f6nce artt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572a13841d0469140077973c",
              "question": "Kuznets e\u011frisi, ekonomik geli\u015fme ile neyden sonra e\u015fitsizlik azalacak diyor?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 215,
                  "text": "Thomas Piketty"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572a13841d0469140077973d",
              "question": "Kuznets e\u011frisi hipotezi kavram\u0131na kim meydan okuyor?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 205,
                  "text": "Ekonomist"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572a13841d0469140077973e",
              "question": "Thomas Piketty'nin i\u015fi nedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 253,
                  "text": "sava\u015flar\u0131n ve \u201c\u015fiddetli ekonomik ve politik \u015foklar\u0131n\u201d"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572a13841d0469140077973f",
              "question": "Piketty, 1914-1945 aras\u0131ndaki e\u015fitsizli\u011fi azaltmada en b\u00fcy\u00fck etkenlerin neler oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyor?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "1970'lerde geli\u015ftirilen baz\u0131 teoriler, hangi e\u015fitsizli\u011fin ekonomik kalk\u0131nma \u00fczerinde olumlu bir etkisi olabilece\u011fi hakk\u0131nda olas\u0131 yollar olu\u015fturdu. Bir 1955 incelemesine g\u00f6re, bunlar e\u015fitsizlikle artarsa, varl\u0131kl\u0131lar\u0131n tasarruflar\u0131n\u0131n azalan t\u00fcketici talebini telafi etti\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyordu.  Nijerya ile ilgili 2013 tarihli bir rapor, b\u00fcy\u00fcmenin artan gelir e\u015fitsizli\u011fi ile artt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6neriyor. 1950\u2019lerden 2011\u2019e kadar pop\u00fcler olan baz\u0131 teoriler, e\u015fitsizli\u011fin ekonomik geli\u015fme \u00fczerinde olumlu bir etkisi oldu\u011funu yanl\u0131\u015f olarak ifade ediyor. Y\u0131ll\u0131k e\u015fitlik rakamlar\u0131n\u0131n y\u0131ll\u0131k b\u00fcy\u00fcme oranlar\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na dayanan analizler yan\u0131lt\u0131c\u0131yd\u0131 \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc etkilerin ekonomik b\u00fcy\u00fcmede de\u011fi\u015fiklik olarak tezah\u00fcr etmesi birka\u00e7 y\u0131l al\u0131r. IMF ekonomistleri, geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkelerdeki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck e\u015fitsizlik seviyeleri ile s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir ekonomik b\u00fcy\u00fcme d\u00f6nemleri aras\u0131nda g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir ili\u015fki buldular. E\u015fitsizli\u011fi y\u00fcksek olan geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkeler \"birka\u00e7 y\u0131l boyunca y\u00fcksek oranlarda b\u00fcy\u00fcme ba\u015flatmay\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131lar\" ancak \"daha uzun b\u00fcy\u00fcme d\u00f6nemleri, gelir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131nda daha fazla e\u015fitlikle g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir \u015fekilde ili\u015fkili. ",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 0,
                  "text": "1970'lerde"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572a18a4af94a219006aa7df",
              "question": "E\u015fitsizli\u011fin ekonomik geli\u015fme \u00fczerinde baz\u0131 olumlu etkileri olabilece\u011fini \u00f6neren teoriler ne zaman geli\u015fti?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 235,
                  "text": "azalan t\u00fcketici talebini"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572a18a4af94a219006aa7e0",
              "question": "Bir 1955 incelemesine g\u00f6re, varl\u0131kl\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin telafi eden tasarruflar\u0131 nelerdi?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 371,
                  "text": "artt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572a18a4af94a219006aa7e1",
              "question": "Nijerya hakk\u0131ndaki 2013 tarihli bir raporda, b\u00fcy\u00fcmenin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fini g\u00f6steren ne var?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 710,
                  "text": "birka\u00e7 y\u0131l"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572a18a4af94a219006aa7e2",
              "question": "Etkilerin ekonomik b\u00fcy\u00fcmede de\u011fi\u015fiklik olarak tezah\u00fcr etmesi ne kadar s\u00fcrer?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 1033,
                  "text": "gelir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131nda daha fazla e\u015fitlikle"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572a18a4af94a219006aa7e3",
              "question": "Daha uzun b\u00fcy\u00fcme d\u00f6nemleri ne ile ili\u015fkilidir?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "\u0130ktisadi b\u00fcy\u00fcmenin potansiyel olarak insani geli\u015fme, yoksullu\u011fun azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 ve Biny\u0131l Kalk\u0131nma Hedeflerine ula\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131nda oynayabilece\u011fi merkezi rol\u00fc kabul ederken, toplumun daha yoksul kesimlerinin ekonomik b\u00fcy\u00fcmeye kat\u0131labilmesini sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in \u00f6zel \u00e7aba sarf edilmesi gerekti\u011fi, kalk\u0131nma toplulu\u011fu aras\u0131nda geni\u015f bir \u015fekilde anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. Ekonomik b\u00fcy\u00fcmenin yoksullu\u011fu azaltma \u00fczerindeki etkisi - yoksullu\u011fun b\u00fcy\u00fcme esnekli\u011fi - mevcut e\u015fitsizlik seviyesine ba\u011fl\u0131 olabilir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, e\u015fitsizli\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olan ba\u015f ba\u015f\u0131na %2 b\u00fcy\u00fcme oran\u0131na sahip ve n\u00fcfusunun %40'\u0131 yoksulluk i\u00e7inde ya\u015fayan bir \u00fclke, on y\u0131lda yoksullu\u011fu yar\u0131ya indirebilir ancak e\u015fitsizli\u011fi y\u00fcksek olan bir \u00fclkenin ayn\u0131 azalmaya ula\u015fmas\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k 60 y\u0131l alacakt\u0131r. Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler Genel Sekreteri Ban Ki-Moon'un s\u00f6zleriyle: \"Ekonomik b\u00fcy\u00fcme gerekli olsa da, yoksullu\u011fu azaltma konusunda ilerleme i\u00e7in yeterli de\u011fildir.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 247,
                  "text": "\u00f6zel \u00e7aba"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572a1a5c6aef051400155284",
              "question": "Toplumun daha fakir \u00fcyelerinin ekonomik b\u00fcy\u00fcmeye kat\u0131labilmesini sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in neler yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekiyor?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 430,
                  "text": "mevcut e\u015fitsizlik seviyesine"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572a1a5c6aef051400155285",
              "question": "Yoksullu\u011fun b\u00fcy\u00fcme esnekli\u011fi neye ba\u011fl\u0131 olabilir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 605,
                  "text": "yoksullu\u011fu yar\u0131ya"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572a1a5c6aef051400155286",
              "question": "Y\u00fcksek e\u015fitsizli\u011fe sahip bir \u00fclkenin ba\u015farmas\u0131 daha uzun ne kadar s\u00fcr\u00fcyor?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 727,
                  "text": "Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572a1a5c6aef051400155287",
              "question": "Ban Ki-Moon neyin Genel Sekreteri'dir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 824,
                  "text": "yoksullu\u011fu azaltma"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572a1a5c6aef051400155288",
              "question": "Ekonomik b\u00fcy\u00fcmenin devam etmesi i\u00e7in yeterli olmayan \u015fey nedir?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "title": "Economic_inequality"
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "context": "Doktor nadiren yaln\u0131z seyahat eder ve bu maceralar\u0131 payla\u015fmak i\u00e7in s\u0131kl\u0131kla bir veya daha fazla yolda\u015f getirir. Onun arkada\u015flar\u0131 genellikle insand\u0131r, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc o D\u00fcnya gezegenine \u00e7ekicilik bulmu\u015ftur. K\u00f6t\u00fc niyetli g\u00fc\u00e7lerin masum insanlara zarar vermesini veya tarihi de\u011fi\u015ftirmesini engellemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in merak\u0131n\u0131 uyand\u0131ran olaylar\u0131 s\u0131k\u00e7a bulur, yaln\u0131zca ustal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fc sonik tornavidas\u0131 gibi asgari kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131r. Bir Zaman Efendisi olarak, Doktor, v\u00fccudu \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl \u015fekilde hasar g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, yeni bir g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm ve ki\u015filik alarak yeniden canlanabilme yetene\u011fine sahiptir. Doktor, seyahatleri s\u0131ras\u0131nda Dalekekler, Siberadam ve ba\u015fka bir hain Zaman Lordu olan \u00dcstat da dahil olmak \u00fczere pek \u00e7ok tekrarlayan d\u00fc\u015fman kazand\u0131.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 7,
                  "text": "nadiren"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5727f3193acd2414000df0a5",
              "question": "Doktor Kim ne s\u0131kl\u0131kta seyahat eder?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 671,
                  "text": "\u00dcstat"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5727f3193acd2414000df0a6",
              "question": "Doktor Kim'in ayn\u0131 zamanda bir Zaman Efendisi olan d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 kimdir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 542,
                  "text": "yeniden canlanabilme"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5727f3193acd2414000df0a7",
              "question": "Doktor Kim, v\u00fccudu \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl hasar g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde ne yapar?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 140,
                  "text": "insand\u0131r"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5727f3193acd2414000df0a8",
              "question": "Doktor seyahatlerinde genellikle yan\u0131na ne t\u00fcr varl\u0131klar al\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 435,
                  "text": "Zaman Efendisi"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5727f3193acd2414000df0a9",
              "question": "Doktor Kim ne t\u00fcr bir Tanr\u0131d\u0131r?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Program\u0131n ilk dizisi, Do\u011fa\u00fcst\u00fc bir \u00c7ocuk, Doktor'un bir torunu oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir, Susan Foreman. 1967 serisinde, Siberadam'\u0131n Mezar\u0131, Victoria Waterfield, Doktor'un \u201c\u00e7ok eski olmas\u0131\u201d nedeniyle ailesini hat\u0131rlayabilece\u011finden \u015f\u00fcphe etti\u011finde, Doktor istedi\u011fi zaman yapabildi\u011fini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor -\"Kalan zaman akl\u0131mda uyuyorlar \". 2005 serisi, Dokuzuncu Doktor'un hayatta kalan en son Zaman Lordu oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ve onun ev gezegeninin tahrip edildi\u011fini; ortaya koyuyor; \"Bo\u015f \u00c7ocuk\" (2005) 'da Dr. Constantine, \"Sava\u015f ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce, bir baba ve b\u00fcy\u00fckbaba oldu\u011funu, \u015fimdi ikisi de olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131\" s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. Doktor cevap olarak belirtiyor ki \u201cEvet, hissi biliyorum.\u201d \"Smith ve Jones'ta\" (2007), erkek karde\u015fi olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 soruldu\u011funda, \u201cHay\u0131r, art\u0131k de\u011fil\u201d diye cevap verdi. Hem \"Onu Korkut\" (2006) hem de \"Doktorun K\u0131z\u0131\" nda (2008), ge\u00e7mi\u015fte bir baba oldu\u011funu belirtiyor.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 22,
                  "text": "Do\u011fa\u00fcst\u00fc bir \u00c7ocuk"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57280f0d3acd2414000df35b",
              "question": "\u0130lk Doktor Kim serisinin ad\u0131 nedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 82,
                  "text": "Susan Foreman"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57280f0d3acd2414000df35c",
              "question": "Doktor Kim'in torununun ad\u0131 nedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 321,
                  "text": "2005 serisi"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57280f0d3acd2414000df35d",
              "question": "Hangi y\u0131lda Doktor, son Zaman Lordu oldu\u011funu kim s\u00f6yledi?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 431,
                  "text": "tahrip edildi\u011fini"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57280f0d3acd2414000df35e",
              "question": "2005 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Doktor Kim ana gezegeninin ne durumda oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyordu?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 659,
                  "text": "Smith ve Jones'ta"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57280f0d3acd2414000df35f",
              "question": "Doktor Kim hangi b\u00f6l\u00fcmde, erkek karde\u015fi oldu\u011funu kabul ediyor?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "2005 yeniden canlanmas\u0131ndan bu yana, Doktor genellikle daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir anlat\u0131 rol\u00fc \u00fcstlenen birincil bir bayan arkada\u015fla seyahat eder. Steven Moffat, arkada\u015f\u0131, \u015fovun ana karakteri olarak nitelendirdi, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc hikaye her arkada\u015fla yeniden ba\u015fl\u0131yor ve Doktor'dan daha fazla de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fe u\u011fruyor. Dokuzuncu ve Onuncu Doktorlar\u0131n ana arkada\u015flar\u0131, ikincil arkada\u015f fig\u00fcrleri olarak yinelenen Mickey Smith (Noel Clarke) ve Jack Harkness (John Barrowman) ile Rose Tyler (Billie Piper), Martha Jones (Freema Agyeman) ve Donna Noble (Catherine Tate) idi. Onbirinci Doktor, River Song (Alex Kingston) ve Clara Oswald (Jenna Coleman) ile senkronize olmayan toplant\u0131lar yaparak devam eden hikaye yaylar\u0131 sa\u011flarken, evli bir \u00e7ift olan Amy Pond (Karen Gillan) ve Rory Williams (Arthur Darvill) ile seyahat eden ilk ki\u015fi oldu. Onuncu seri Pearl Mackie'yi Bill, doktor'un en yeni seyahat arkada\u015f\u0131 olarak tan\u0131tacak.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 104,
                  "text": "bayan"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572811434b864d190016438c",
              "question": "2005'ten bu yana, Doktor Kim'in birincil seyahat arkada\u015f\u0131n\u0131n cinsiyeti nedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 382,
                  "text": "Mickey Smith (Noel Clarke) ve Jack Harkness (John Barrowman)"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572811434b864d190016438d",
              "question": "Dokuzuncu ve Onuncu Doktorlar\u0131n ikincil arkada\u015flar\u0131 kimdi?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 541,
                  "text": "Onbirinci Doktor"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572811434b864d190016438e",
              "question": "Evli bir \u00e7iftle seyahat eden ilk doktor kimdi?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 819,
                  "text": "Pearl Mackie'yi Bill"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572811434b864d190016438f",
              "question": "Canlanman\u0131n 10. serisi i\u00e7in yeni arkada\u015f kimdi?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 520,
                  "text": "Catherine Tate"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572811434b864d1900164390",
              "question": "Donna Noble ad\u0131nda arkada\u015f\u0131 kim oynad\u0131?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "\u0130lk 15 y\u0131l boyunca en s\u0131k m\u00fczikal katk\u0131 yapan ki\u015fi, ayn\u0131 zamanda Blake's 7 i\u00e7in tema ve \u00f6zg\u00fc m\u00fczi\u011fiyle ve ak\u0131ldan \u00e7\u0131kmayan tema m\u00fczikleri ve 1970'lerin Yar\u0131n\u0131n \u0130nsanlar\u0131'\u0131n orjinal versiyonunun skoru ile tan\u0131nan Dudley Simpson'd\u0131. Simpson'\u0131n ilk Doktor Kim Puan\u0131 Devlerin Gezegeni (1964)'t\u00fc ve 1960'l\u0131 ve 1970'li, y\u0131llar\u0131n Jon Pertwee/Tom Baker d\u00f6nemlerinin hikayelerinin \u00e7o\u011funu i\u00e7eren, Nimon\u2019un Boynuzlar\u0131 ile biten (1979) bir\u00e7ok maceralar\u0131 i\u00e7in m\u00fczik yazmaya devam etti. Ayr\u0131ca The Talons of Weng-Chiang'da bir minyat\u00fcr g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fc (M\u00fczik salonu \u015fefi olarak) yapt\u0131.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 212,
                  "text": "Dudley Simpson'd\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57281a952ca10214002d9dea",
              "question": "G\u00f6sterinin ilk 15 y\u0131l\u0131nda Doktor Kim'e en \u00e7ok m\u00fczikal katk\u0131 yapan kimdi? "
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 263,
                  "text": "Devlerin Gezegeni"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57281a952ca10214002d9deb",
              "question": "Simpson'\u0131n ilk Doktor Kim Skoru b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn ad\u0131 neydi?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 294,
                  "text": "1960'l\u0131 ve 1970'li"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57281a952ca10214002d9dec",
              "question": "Hangi y\u0131llarda, Dudley Simpson, Doctor Who'ya katk\u0131da bulunmak konusunda en aktifti? "
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 387,
                  "text": "Nimon\u2019un Boynuzlar\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57281a952ca10214002d9ded",
              "question": "Dudley Simpson'\u0131n m\u00fczik yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 son Doktor Kim hangisiydi?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 480,
                  "text": "The Talons of Weng-Chiang'da"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57281a952ca10214002d9dee",
              "question": "Dudley Simpson hangi b\u00f6l\u00fcmde m\u00fczik \u015fefi olarak \u00e7ald\u0131?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Doktor Kim say\u0131s\u0131z kez sahneye \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1970'lerin ba\u015f\u0131nda, Trevor Martin, Seven Keys to Doomsday'da Dalekler ve Doktor Kim'de rol ald\u0131. 1980'lerin sonunda, Jon Pertwee ve Colin Baker, her ikisi de doktoru Doktor Kim - Son Macera adl\u0131 oyun s\u0131ras\u0131nda farkl\u0131 zamanlarda oynad\u0131lar. \u0130ki performans i\u00e7in, Pertwee hasta iken David Banks (Daha \u00e7ok siberadam\u0131 oynamas\u0131yla bilinir) Doktoru oynad\u0131. Terry Nation, 1960'lar\u0131n sonlar\u0131na tak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir sahne oyunu, ama doktor olmadan, olan Daleklerin Laneti'ni yazarken, di\u011fer orijinal oyunlar, Doktor'u oynayan di\u011fer oyuncularla amat\u00f6r yap\u0131mlar olarak sahnelendi.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 62,
                  "text": "Trevor Martin"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572828383acd2414000df5c3",
              "question": "Doktor Kim'i 70lerde sahnede kim oynad\u0131?   "
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 208,
                  "text": "Doktor Kim - Son Macera"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572828383acd2414000df5c4",
              "question": "Doktor Kim'i 1980'lerden oynayan kimdi?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 477,
                  "text": "Daleklerin Laneti'ni"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572828383acd2414000df5c5",
              "question": "Hangi Doktor Kim \u0130\u00e7inde Doktor olmadan yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 77,
                  "text": "Seven Keys to Doomsday'da Dalekler ve Doktor Kim'de"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572828383acd2414000df5c6",
              "question": "1970'lerde oynanan oyunun ad\u0131 neydi?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 321,
                  "text": "David Banks"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572828383acd2414000df5c7",
              "question": "Hangi oyuncu, as\u0131l akt\u00f6r\u00fcn hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 Doktor Kim'in yerine ge\u00e7ti?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "title": "Doctor_Who"
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "context": "\u015eimdi Ana Avlular olarak bilinen yap\u0131y\u0131 olu\u015fturan, Chicago \u00dcniversitesinin ilk binalar\u0131, iki Chicago \u00dcniversitesi vekili taraf\u0131ndan tasarlanan ve Chicago mimar\u0131 Henry Ives Cobb taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7izilen bir \"ana plan\u0131n\" par\u00e7as\u0131yd\u0131. Ana Avlular, her biri binalarla \u00e7evrili, daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir avluyla kom\u015fu alt\u0131 avludan olu\u015fur. Ana Avlular\u0131n binalar\u0131, Oxford \u00dcniversitesi enstit\u00fclerinden modellenen, Viktoryen Gotik ve Kollegiate Gotik tarzlar\u0131n bir kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131 olacak \u015fekilde, Cobb, Shepley, Rutan ve Coolidge, Holabird & Roche ve di\u011fer mimarl\u0131k firmalar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan tasarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (Mitchell Kulesi, \u00f6rne\u011fin, Oxford'un Magdalen Kulesi ard\u0131ndan modellenmi\u015ftir ve \u00fcniversite Ortak Alanlar\u0131, Hutchinson Salonu, Mesih Kilisesi Salonu kopyas\u0131d\u0131r.)",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 6,
                  "text": "Ana Avlular"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57284b904b864d19001648e2",
              "question": "\u00dcniversitenin ilk in\u015fa etti\u011fi binalar bug\u00fcn ne olarak bilinir?  "
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 295,
                  "text": "alt\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57284b904b864d19001648e3",
              "question": "Ana Avlular ka\u00e7 adet avlu i\u00e7erir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 463,
                  "text": "Cobb, Shepley, Rutan ve Coolidge, Holabird & Roche ve di\u011fer mimarl\u0131k firmalar\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57284b904b864d19001648e4",
              "question": "Ana Avlular'\u0131n tasarlanmas\u0131na kim yard\u0131m etmi\u015ftir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 606,
                  "text": "Magdalen Kulesi"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57284b904b864d19001648e5",
              "question": "Mitchell Kulesi, hangi Oxford kulesi gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnmesi i\u00e7in tasarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 695,
                  "text": "Mesih Kilisesi Salonu"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57284b904b864d19001648e6",
              "question": "Hutchinson Salonu, hangi Oxford salonu gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnmesi i\u00e7in tasarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "1940lardan sonra kamp\u00fcsteki Gotik tarz yerini modern tarzlara b\u0131rakmaya ba\u015flad\u0131.1955'de, Eero Saarinen ile ikinci bir ana plan geli\u015ftirmesi i\u00e7in anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, bu da i\u00e7lerinde Laird Bell Law Avlusu (Saarinen taraf\u0131ndan tasarlanan bir kompleks); bir dizi g\u00fczel sanatlar binas\u0131; \u00fcniversitenin Sosyal Hizmet Okulu \u0130daresi i\u00e7in Ludwig Mies van der Rohe taraf\u0131ndan tasarlanan bir bina; Edward Durrell Stone taraf\u0131ndan Harris Kamu Politikas\u0131 \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 Okulu'nun yuvas\u0131 haline gelecek bir bina; ve Chicago firmas\u0131 Skidmore, Owings & Merrill'den Walter Netsch taraf\u0131ndan tasarlanm\u0131\u015f, br\u00fctalist bir yap\u0131 olan, kamp\u00fcsteki en b\u00fcy\u00fck bina Regenstein K\u00fct\u00fcphanesi'nin yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131, Midway'in hem kuzeyi hem de g\u00fcneyindeki binalar\u0131n yap\u0131m\u0131na yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1999'da tasarlan\u0131p 2004'de g\u00fcncellenen ba\u015fka bir ana plan, Gerald Ratner Atletizm Merkezi (2003), Max Palevsky Yerle\u015fke Ortak Alanlar\u0131 (2001), G\u00fcney Kamp\u00fcs Yurdu ve yemekhanesi (2009), yeni bir \u00e7ocuk hastanesi ve di\u011fer in\u015falar, geni\u015fletmeler ve restorasyonlarla sonu\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 2011'de \u00fcniversite, kamp\u00fcs d\u0131\u015f\u0131 kitap deposu ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7en ve \u00fcniversite k\u00fct\u00fcphanesi i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck bir okuma salonu sa\u011flayan, camdan kubbe \u015fekilli Joe ve Rika Mansueto K\u00fct\u00fcphanesi'ni tamamlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 0,
                  "text": "1940lardan"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57284d484b864d1900164900",
              "question": "Hangi on y\u0131l s\u0131ras\u0131nda kamp\u00fcs daha modern g\u00f6r\u00fcnmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 89,
                  "text": "Eero Saarinen"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57284d484b864d1900164901",
              "question": "\u0130kinci bir ana plan\u0131 tasarlamas\u0131 i\u00e7in kim g\u00f6revlendirilmi\u015ftir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 288,
                  "text": "Sosyal Hizmet Okulu \u0130daresi"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57284d484b864d1900164902",
              "question": "Ludwig Mies van der Rohe hangi idare i\u00e7in bir bina tasarlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 410,
                  "text": "Harris Kamu Politikas\u0131 \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 Okulu'nun"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57284d484b864d1900164903",
              "question": "Hangi kamu politikas\u0131 okulu kendi evini Ludiwig Mies van der Rohe'nin tasarlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 binada kurmu\u015ftur?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 828,
                  "text": "2003"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57284d484b864d1900164904",
              "question": "Gerald Ratner Atletizm Merkezi ne zaman in\u015fa edilmi\u015ftir?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Lisans ve y\u00fcksek lisans okullar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u00fcniversite bir tak\u0131m akademik enstit\u00fc ve program da y\u00fcr\u00fctmektedir. \u00dcniversite, Chicago \u00dcniversitesi Laboratuvar Okullar\u0131 (K-12 \u00f6\u011frencileri ve g\u00fcnl\u00fck bak\u0131m i\u00e7in \u00f6zel bir g\u00fcnd\u00fcz okulu), Sonia Shankman Ortojenik Okulu (davran\u0131\u015fsal ve duygusal sorunlar\u0131 olanlar i\u00e7in yat\u0131l\u0131 bir tedavi program\u0131) ve \u00fcniversitenin Kentsel E\u011fitim Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan idare edilen, Chicago'nun G\u00fcney K\u0131sm\u0131nda yer alan d\u00f6rt devlet s\u00f6zle\u015fmeli okul i\u015fletmesini yapmaktad\u0131r. Ek olarak, \u00f6\u011frenme g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne sahip \u00f6\u011frenciler i\u00e7in bir okul olan Hyde Park G\u00fcnd\u00fcz Okulu da Chicago \u00dcniversitesi kamp\u00fcs\u00fcnde bir yere sahiptir. Chicago \u00dcniversitesi, kentsel ilk ve orta okullarda kullan\u0131lan bir matematik program\u0131 olan Chicago \u00dcniversitesi Okul Matematik Projesini 1983'den beri y\u00fcr\u00fctmektedir. \u00dcniversite, y\u00fcksek lisans \u00f6\u011frencilerine, fak\u00fclteye ve s\u00fcrmekte olan bilimsel i\u015flerini sunmak i\u00e7in ziyaret\u00e7i bilim insanlar\u0131na bir forum sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in disiplinleraras\u0131 at\u00f6lyeler sa\u011flayan Sosyal Bilimler ve Be\u015feri Bilimlerde \u0130leri \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar Konseyi isimli bir program\u0131 da y\u00fcr\u00fctmektedir. \u00dcniversite ayr\u0131ca, Birle\u015fmi\u015f Devletler'deki en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00fcniversite bas\u0131n\u0131 olan Chicago \u00dcniversitesi Bas\u0131n\u0131'n\u0131 da i\u015fletmektedir. ",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 120,
                  "text": "Chicago \u00dcniversitesi Laboratuvar Okullar\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572855973acd2414000df925",
              "question": "\u00dcniversitenin y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, K-12 \u00f6\u011frencileri i\u00e7in \u00f6zel g\u00fcnd\u00fcz okulunun ismi nedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 225,
                  "text": "Sonia Shankman Ortojenik Okulu"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572855973acd2414000df926",
              "question": "\u00dcniversitenin y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yat\u0131l\u0131 tedavi program\u0131n\u0131n ismi nedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 435,
                  "text": "d\u00f6rt"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572855973acd2414000df927",
              "question": "\u00dcniversite ka\u00e7 adet devlet s\u00f6zle\u015fmeli okulunu i\u015fletmektedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 435,
                  "text": "d\u00f6rt devlet s\u00f6zle\u015fmeli okul"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572855973acd2414000df928",
              "question": "Kentsel E\u011fitim Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc neyin idaresine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmaktad\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 579,
                  "text": "Chicago \u00dcniversitesi kamp\u00fcs\u00fcnde"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572855973acd2414000df929",
              "question": "Hyde Park G\u00fcnd\u00fcz Okulu nerede yer almaktad\u0131r?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "\u0130\u015f ya\u015fam\u0131nda ileri gelen mezunlar aras\u0131nda Microsoft CEOsu Satya Nadella, Oracle kurucusu ve Amerika'n\u0131n en zengin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc adam\u0131 Larry Ellison, Goldman Sachs ve MF Global CEOsu ve ayn\u0131 zamanda eski New Jersey Valisi Jon Corzine, Mckinsey & Company kurucusu ve ilk y\u00f6netim muhasebesi ders kitab\u0131n\u0131n yazar\u0131 James O. Mckinsey, Arley D. Cathey, Bloomberg L.P. CEOsu Daniel Doctoroff, Credit Suisse CEOsu Brady Dougan, Morningstar, A.\u015e. kurucusu ve CEOsu Joe Mansueto, Chicago Cubs sahibi ve ba\u015fkan\u0131 Thomas S. Ricketts ve NBA delegesi Adam Silver yer almaktad\u0131r.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 59,
                  "text": "Satya Nadella"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57286951ff5b5019007da20e",
              "question": "Hangi Microsoft CEOsu ayn\u0131 zamanda Chicago \u00dcniversitesi'nin bir mezunudur?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 128,
                  "text": "Larry Ellison"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57286951ff5b5019007da20f",
              "question": "Oracle'\u0131n kurucusu kimdir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 128,
                  "text": "Larry Ellison"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57286951ff5b5019007da210",
              "question": "Amerika'n\u0131n en zengin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc adam\u0131 kimdir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 215,
                  "text": "Jon Corzine"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57286951ff5b5019007da211",
              "question": "Hangi Goldman Sachs CEOsu ayn\u0131 zamanda Chicago \u00dcniversitesi'nin bir mezunudur?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 304,
                  "text": "James O. Mckinsey"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57286951ff5b5019007da212",
              "question": "McKinsey & Company kurucusu kimdir?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Ekonomide, tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f Nobel Ekonomi \u00d6d\u00fcll\u00fc, ABD'nin Cumhuriyet\u00e7i Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Ronald Reagan'\u0131n Muhafazakar Britanya Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Margaret Thatcher'\u0131n ba\u015f dan\u0131\u015fmanlar\u0131ndan biri olan Milton Friedman, Nobel \u00f6d\u00fcll\u00fc ve d\u00fczenleme tuza\u011f\u0131 teorisini ileri s\u00fcren George Stigler, ekonominin aile ekonomisi dal\u0131na \u00f6nemli katk\u0131lar sunmu\u015f olan Gary Becker, \u00f6rg\u00fctsel karar verme konseptinin modern yorumundan sorumlu Herbert A. Simon, Nobel Ekonomi \u00d6d\u00fcll\u00fc ilk Amerikal\u0131 olan Paul Samuelson ve portf\u00f6y teorisi, varl\u0131k fiyatlama ve borsa davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00fczerine olan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131yla bilinen Eugene Fama mezunlar i\u00e7inde yer al\u0131r. Amerikal\u0131 ekonomist, sosyal kuramc\u0131, politif filozof ve yazar Thomas Sowell de \u00fcniversitenin mezunlar\u0131 aras\u0131ndad\u0131r.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 171,
                  "text": "Milton Friedman"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572870b2ff5b5019007da222",
              "question": "Hangi Nobel Ekonomi \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc kazanan\u0131 ayn\u0131 zamanda bir \u00fcniversite mezun \u00fcyesidir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 243,
                  "text": "George Stigler"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572870b2ff5b5019007da223",
              "question": "Hangi Britanya Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 dan\u0131\u015fman\u0131 ayn\u0131 zamanda bir \u00fcniversite mezun \u00fcyesidir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 450,
                  "text": "Paul Samuelson"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572870b2ff5b5019007da224",
              "question": "Nobel Ekonomi \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc kazanan ilk Amerikal\u0131 kimdi?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 557,
                  "text": "Eugene Fama"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572870b2ff5b5019007da225",
              "question": "Hangi \u00fcniversite mezun \u00fcyesi, portf\u00f6y teorisi \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131yla bilinir?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "title": "University_of_Chicago"
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "context": "Kubilay'\u0131n iktidar\u0131 1279 y\u0131l\u0131ndan sonra ekonomik zorluklarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131. Sava\u015flar ve in\u015faat projeleri Mo\u011fol hazinesini kuruttu. Vergi has\u0131lat\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rma ve toplama \u00e7abalar\u0131 yolsuzluk ve politik skandallarla sekteye u\u011frad\u0131. K\u00f6t\u00fc y\u00f6netilen askeri seferler ekonomik sorunlar\u0131 takip etti. Kubilay'\u0131n 1281'deki ikinci Japonya i\u015fgali, talihsiz bir tayfun y\u00fcz\u00fcnden ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z oldu. Kubilay Annam, Champa ve Java'ya kar\u015f\u0131 seferlerinde ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z oldu ama Burma'ya kar\u015f\u0131 bir pirus zaferi kazand\u0131. Seferler hastal\u0131k, sert iklim ve Mo\u011follar\u0131n atl\u0131 sava\u015f\u0131na uygun olmayan tropik arazi taraf\u0131ndan aksat\u0131ld\u0131. Annam'da (Dai Viet) h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcren Tran hanedanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, B\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1eb1ng Sava\u015f\u0131nda (1288) Mo\u011follar\u0131 ezdi ve yenilgiye u\u011fratt\u0131. Tr\u1ea7n Kinh (\u9673\u4eac, Ch\u00e9n J\u012bng) alt\u0131nda Dai Viet'e g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcp, soyundan gelenler Vietnam \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t'e h\u00fckmetmi\u015f Tr\u1ea7n hanedanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kurmadan \u00f6nce, \u00c7inli Tran (Chen) boyunun ana vatan\u0131 Fujian \u00c7in b\u00f6lgesiydi ve boyun belli \u00fcyeleri \u00f6rne\u011fin 1282'de Yuan hanedanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 el\u00e7isi, \u00c7ince konu\u015fan Tr\u1ea7n prensi Tr\u1ea7n Qu\u1ed1c Tu\u1ea5n (daha sonra Kral Tr\u1ea7n H\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ea1o) ile bir bulu\u015fma ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011finde halen \u00c7ince konu\u015fabiliyordu. Profes\u00f6r Liam Kelley, \u00c7in Song hanedanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan Zhao Zhong ve Xu Zongdao gibi insanlar\u0131n, Mo\u011fol i\u015fgali sonras\u0131 Vietnam'a h\u00fckmeden Tran hanedanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ka\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve Tran'lar\u0131n Mo\u011fol i\u015fgaline kar\u015f\u0131 koymas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olduklar\u0131n\u0131 belirtir. \u00c7in'in Fujian b\u00f6lgesinden k\u00f6ken alan Tran hanedanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi Daoist rahip Xu Zongdao Mo\u011fol i\u015fgalini kaydetmi\u015f ve onlardan \"Kuzeyli haydutlar\" olarak bahsetmi\u015ftir. Annam, Burma ve Champa, Mo\u011fol egemenli\u011fini tan\u0131m\u0131\u015f ve Yuan hanedanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile hara\u00e7 verme \u015feklinde ili\u015fki kurmu\u015ftur.  ",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 20,
                  "text": "1279"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57286dfa2ca10214002da332",
              "question": "Kubilay y\u00f6netiminin paras\u0131 ne zaman bitmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 329,
                  "text": "talihsiz bir tayfun"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57286dfa2ca10214002da333",
              "question": "Kubilay'\u0131n ikinci Japonya i\u015fgaline ne engel olmu\u015ftur?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 593,
                  "text": "Annam'da"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57286dfa2ca10214002da334",
              "question": "Tran hanedanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 nerede h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 643,
                  "text": "B\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1eb1ng Sava\u015f\u0131nda"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57286dfa2ca10214002da335",
              "question": "Hangi sava\u015fta Mo\u011follar Tran taraf\u0131ndan ma\u011flup edilmi\u015ftir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 664,
                  "text": "1288"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57286dfa2ca10214002da336",
              "question": "Mo\u011follar ne zaman Tran taraf\u0131ndan ma\u011flup edilmi\u015ftir?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "\u0130mparator Kegen Han, Ayurbarvada'n\u0131n o\u011flu ve varisi, 1321'den 1323'e sadece iki y\u0131l h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Yeni atanm\u0131\u015f ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Baiju'nun yard\u0131m\u0131yla, babas\u0131n\u0131n y\u00f6netimi Konf\u00fc\u00e7y\u00fcs\u00e7\u00fc prensiplere g\u00f6re reform etme politikas\u0131n\u0131 devam ettirmi\u015ftir. Y\u00f6netimi s\u0131ras\u0131nda, Da Yuan Tong Zhi (\u00c7ince: \u5927\u5143\u901a\u5236, \"B\u00fcy\u00fck Yuan'\u0131n kapsaml\u0131 uygulamalar\u0131\"), babas\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan ba\u015flat\u0131lan, Yuan Hanedanl\u0131\u011f\u0131'n\u0131n kurallar\u0131 ve d\u00fczenlemelerinin devasa bir koleksiyonu, resmi olarak y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe sokulmu\u015ftur. Kegen, rakip bir gruptan be\u015f prensin, belki de Konf\u00fc\u00e7y\u00fcs\u00e7\u00fc reformlara kar\u015f\u0131 olan bozk\u0131r elitinin dahil oldu\u011fu bir darbede suiskaste u\u011fram\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yerine tahta Yes\u00fcn Tem\u00fcr'\u00fc (ya da Taidingdi'yi) yerle\u015ftirmi\u015fler, ve ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z bir prensleri sakinle\u015ftirme giri\u015fiminin ard\u0131ndan, o da h\u00fck\u00fcmdar katline yenik d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 10,
                  "text": "Kegen Han"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57286fa83acd2414000df9e5",
              "question": "Ayurbarbada'n\u0131n o\u011flu kimdi?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 53,
                  "text": "1321'den 1323'e"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57286fa83acd2414000df9e6",
              "question": "Kegen ne zaman imparatordu?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 124,
                  "text": "Baiju'nun"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57286fa83acd2414000df9e7",
              "question": "Kegen kimi ba\u015fbakan olarak atam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 290,
                  "text": "B\u00fcy\u00fck Yuan'\u0131n kapsaml\u0131 uygulamalar\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57286fa83acd2414000df9e8",
              "question": "'Da Yuan Tong Zhi' ne anlama gelmektedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 495,
                  "text": "be\u015f"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57286fa83acd2414000df9e9",
              "question": "Kegen'in suikastine ka\u00e7 tane rakip prens dahil olmu\u015ftur?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Kubilay Han taraf\u0131ndan olu\u015fturulan b\u00fcrokrasi sistemi, Han \u00c7inlileri, Hitaylar, Cur\u00e7enler, Mo\u011follar ve Tibet Budistleri dahil, imparatorluktaki \u00e7e\u015fitli k\u00fclt\u00fcrleri yans\u0131tmaktad\u0131r. Kurumlar\u0131n resmi terminolojisi y\u00f6netim yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n neredeyse tamamen, yerli \u00c7in hanedanlar\u0131n\u0131nkinden k\u00f6ken ald\u0131\u011f\u0131na i\u015faret edebilir olsa da, Yuan b\u00fcrokrasisi asl\u0131nda farkl\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerden unsurlar\u0131n bir kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131ndan olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. B\u00fcrokrasinin \u00c7in tarz\u0131 unsurlar\u0131 esas olarak yerli Tang, Song, ayn\u0131 zamanda Hitay Liao ve Cur\u00e7en Kin hanedanl\u0131klar\u0131 k\u00f6kenlidir. Liu Bingzhong ve Yao Shu gibi \u00c7inli dan\u0131\u015fmanlar Kubilay'\u0131n ilk meclisinde g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc etkiye sahipti ve Kubilay'\u0131n saltanat\u0131n\u0131n ilk on y\u0131l\u0131 i\u00e7inde merkezi h\u00fck\u00fcmet idaresi kurulmu\u015ftu. Bu h\u00fck\u00fcmet, sivil meselelerin idaresi i\u00e7in Merkezi Sekreterlik (Zhongshu Sheng), askeri meselelerin idaresi i\u00e7in Dan\u0131\u015fma Meclisi (\u00c7ince: \u6a1e\u5bc6\u9662) ve dahili g\u00f6zetim ve denetim i\u00e7in Denetim Merkezi'ni i\u00e7erecek \u015fekilde otoritenin sivil, askeri ve denetimci makamlar aras\u0131nda geleneksel \u00c7in \u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesini benimsemi\u015ftir. Bununla birlikte, y\u00f6netimin \u00e7ekirde\u011fi olarak askeri kurum ve makamlara olan geleneksel Mo\u011fol g\u00fcveni sebebiyle,  hem merkezi hem yerel h\u00fck\u00fcmet kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ek i\u015flevleri, sivil ve askeri yetki alanlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00e7ak\u0131\u015fma g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Yine de, Merkezi Sekreterlik'in, (do\u011frudan veya dolayl\u0131) di\u011fer devlet kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fundan (geleneksel \u00c7in tarz\u0131 Alt\u0131 Bakanl\u0131k gibi) sorumlu en \u00fcst kurum oldu\u011fu b\u00f6ylesi bir sivil b\u00fcrokrasi \u00c7in'de olu\u015fturulmu\u015ftur. Farkl\u0131 zamanlarda, esas olarak ekonomi ile ilgilenen, Devlet \u0130\u015fleri Dairesi (Shangshu Sheng) olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan ba\u015fka merkezi h\u00fck\u00fcmet kurumu kurulmu\u015f (K\u00fcl\u00fcg Han ya da \u0130mparator Wuzong saltanat\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi), fakat genelde k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra bundan vazge\u00e7ilmi\u015ftir.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 54,
                  "text": "Han \u00c7inlileri, Hitaylar, Cur\u00e7enler, Mo\u011follar ve Tibet Budistleri"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e4",
              "question": "Hangi k\u00fclt\u00fcrler Kubilay'\u0131n y\u00f6netiminin par\u00e7alar\u0131yd\u0131?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 455,
                  "text": "Tang, Song, ayn\u0131 zamanda Hitay Liao ve Cur\u00e7en Kin hanedanl\u0131klar\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e5",
              "question": "Hangi hanedanl\u0131klar Kubilay'\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcmetinde \u00c7in tarz\u0131 unsurlara ilham olmu\u015ftur?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 532,
                  "text": "Liu Bingzhong ve Yao Shu"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e6",
              "question": "Kubilay'\u0131n \u00c7inli iki dan\u0131\u015fman\u0131 kimdi?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 992,
                  "text": "\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e7",
              "question": "Kubilay'\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcmeti ne t\u00fcr bir g\u00fc\u00e7ler ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na sahipti?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 932,
                  "text": "sivil, askeri ve denetimci makamlar"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e8",
              "question": "Kubilay'\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin \u00fc\u00e7 par\u00e7as\u0131 nelerdi?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Bat\u0131 t\u0131bb\u0131, bazen huihui ya da M\u00fcsl\u00fcman t\u0131bb\u0131 olarak adland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 Yuan meclisinin Nest\u00fbr\u00ee Hristiyanlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan \u00c7in'de de uygulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Nest\u00fbr\u00ee hekim Terc\u00fcman \u0130sa, 1963 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Kubilay'\u0131n saltanat\u0131 d\u00f6neminde Bat\u0131 T\u0131bb\u0131 Ofisini kurmu\u015ftur. \u0130ki imparatorluk hastanesinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan doktorlar imparatorluk ailesi ve meclisin \u00fcyelerini tedavi etmekten sorumluydu. \u00c7inli hekimler, h\u00fcmoral sistemi, geleneksel \u00c7in t\u0131bb\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda yatan yin-yang ve wuxing felsefesine kar\u015f\u0131 geldi\u011fi i\u00e7in Bat\u0131 t\u0131bb\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yorlard\u0131. Bat\u0131 t\u0131bb\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n bilinen bir \u00c7in terc\u00fcmesi yoktur ama \u00c7inlilerin \u0130bn-i Sina'n\u0131n El-Kanun fi't-T\u0131b kitab\u0131na eri\u015fimleri olmas\u0131 ihtimal dahilindedir.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 31,
                  "text": "M\u00fcsl\u00fcman t\u0131bb\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572881d34b864d1900164a5a",
              "question": "Huihui neydi?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 156,
                  "text": "Terc\u00fcman \u0130sa"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572881d34b864d1900164a5b",
              "question": "Bat\u0131 T\u0131bb\u0131 Ofisini kim kurmu\u015ftur?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 170,
                  "text": "1963"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572881d34b864d1900164a5c",
              "question": "Bat\u0131 T\u0131bb\u0131 Ofisi ne zaman kurulmu\u015ftu?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 379,
                  "text": "h\u00fcmoral sistemi"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572881d34b864d1900164a5d",
              "question": "\u00c7inliler Bat\u0131 t\u0131bb\u0131n\u0131n hangi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden ho\u015flanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 434,
                  "text": "yin-yang ve wuxing"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572881d34b864d1900164a5e",
              "question": "\u00c7in t\u0131bb\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda hangi felsefeler yatar?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Tarih\u00e7i Frederick W. Mote bu sistem i\u00e7in \"sosyal s\u0131n\u0131flar\" teriminin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131lt\u0131c\u0131 oldu\u011funu ve d\u00f6rt s\u0131n\u0131fl\u0131 sistemdeki insanlar\u0131n konumlar\u0131n\u0131n onlar\u0131n ger\u00e7ek sosyal g\u00fcc\u00fc ve zenginli\u011finin g\u00f6stergesi de\u011fil, yaln\u0131zca geleneksel ve yasal olarak yetkilendirildikleri, kendilerine vakfedilmi\u015f \"ayr\u0131cal\u0131k derecesi\" oldu\u011funu, yani s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde bir ki\u015finin konumunun, o ki\u015finin konumunun bir garantisi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc yokluk i\u00e7inde ya\u015fayan ve k\u00f6t\u00fc davran\u0131lan Mo\u011fol ve Semu'lardan daha az say\u0131da zengin Mo\u011fol ve Semu varken, zengin ve sosyal konumu iyi \u00c7inlilerin var oldu\u011funu yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.  ",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 8,
                  "text": "Frederick W. Mote"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5728848cff5b5019007da298",
              "question": "Yuan'n\u0131n sosyal s\u0131n\u0131f sisteminin sosyal s\u0131n\u0131f olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lmamas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini kim d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 300,
                  "text": "ayr\u0131cal\u0131k derecesi"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5728848cff5b5019007da299",
              "question": "Mote, Yuan s\u0131n\u0131f sisteminin ger\u00e7ekte neyi temsil etti\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 534,
                  "text": "zengin ve sosyal konumu iyi"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5728848cff5b5019007da29a",
              "question": "Hangi beklenmedik durumda bir\u00e7ok \u00c7inli vard\u0131?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 428,
                  "text": "yokluk i\u00e7inde ya\u015fayan ve k\u00f6t\u00fc davran\u0131lan"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5728848cff5b5019007da29b",
              "question": "Hangi beklenmedik durumda bir\u00e7ok Mo\u011fol vard\u0131?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "title": "Yuan_dynasty"
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "context": "\u00c7e\u015fitli \u00fclkelerde kamu sekt\u00f6r\u00fc yolsuzlu\u011fu yayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7meye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc olan Uluslararas\u0131 \u015eeffafl\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc'n\u00fcn Yolsuzluk Alg\u0131s\u0131 Endeksi'nde (YAE) Kenya d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131ralardad\u0131r. \u00dclke 2012'de, 27/100 puanla, YAE'de yer alan toplam 176 \u00fclke i\u00e7inde 139. s\u0131rada yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bununla birlikte Kenya h\u00fck\u00fcmeti taraf\u0131ndan yolsuzlu\u011fu frenlemek ad\u0131na bir\u00e7ok kayda de\u011fer geli\u015fmeler mevcuttur, \u00f6rne\u011fin yeni ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir Etik ve Anti-Yolsuzluk Komisyonu kurulmas\u0131 gibi.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 160,
                  "text": "d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57290b21af94a219006a9fcf",
              "question": "Kenya YAE \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011finde nerede yer al\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 18,
                  "text": "kamu sekt\u00f6r\u00fc yolsuzlu\u011fu"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57290b21af94a219006a9fd0",
              "question": "YAE neyi \u00f6l\u00e7er? "
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 248,
                  "text": "139."
                }
              ],
              "id": "57290b21af94a219006a9fd1",
              "question": "Kenya 2012'de \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fin neresinde yer almaktad\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 393,
                  "text": "yeni ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir Etik ve Anti-Yolsuzluk Komisyonu kurulmas\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57290b21af94a219006a9fd2",
              "question": "Kenya yolsuzlu\u011fu nas\u0131l frenler?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "28 \u015eubat 2008 tarihinde Kibaki ve Odinga, Kibaki'nin Kenya'n\u0131n ikinci Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131 bir koalisyon h\u00fck\u00fcmeti kurulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in bir anla\u015fma imzalad\u0131. Teklife g\u00f6re, ba\u015fkan kabine bakanlar\u0131n\u0131 her partinin meclisteki g\u00fc\u00e7lerine g\u00f6re PNU ve ODM kamplar\u0131n\u0131n her ikisinden de atar.  Anla\u015fma, kabinenin bir ba\u015fkan yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 ile iki Ba\u015fbakan yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7ermesini \u015fart ko\u015fuyordu. Tart\u0131\u015fmalardan sonra anla\u015fma Meclisten ge\u00e7ti ve koalisyon mevcut Meclisin sonuna kadar veya partilerden biri daha \u00f6ncesinde tekliften \u00e7ekilene kadar devam edecek.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 0,
                  "text": "28 \u015eubat 2008"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57290ee2af94a219006a9fff",
              "question": "H\u00fck\u00fcmet kurulmas\u0131 konusunda Kibaki ve Odinga ne zaman bir anla\u015fma imzalad\u0131?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 70,
                  "text": "Ba\u015fbakan\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57290ee2af94a219006aa000",
              "question": "Odinga'n\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcmetteki rol\u00fc ne olacakt\u0131?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 227,
                  "text": "PNU ve ODM kamplar\u0131n\u0131n"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57290ee2af94a219006aa001",
              "question": "Ba\u015fkan kabine \u00fcyelerini nereden atad\u0131?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 188,
                  "text": "her partinin meclisteki g\u00fc\u00e7lerine"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57290ee2af94a219006aa002",
              "question": "Her kamptan ka\u00e7 tanesinin atanaca\u011f\u0131 nas\u0131l belirlendi?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 428,
                  "text": "mevcut Meclisin sonuna kadar veya partilerden biri daha \u00f6ncesinde tekliften \u00e7ekilene kadar"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57290ee2af94a219006aa003",
              "question": "Koalisyon ne zamana kadar s\u00fcrecek?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "2007 se\u00e7imi sonras\u0131yla ilgili hem Ba\u015fkan Kenyatta hem de Ba\u015fkan Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 William Ruto i\u00e7in Uluslararas\u0131 Ceza Mahkemesi dava tarihleri 2013'de iken, 2013 ortas\u0131 Afrika turu s\u0131ras\u0131nda ABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Barack Obama \u00fclkeyi ziyaret etmemeyi tercih etti. Sonras\u0131nda yaz\u0131n, Kenyatta ba\u015fkan olarak ABD'yi ziyaret etmemi\u015fken, Rusya'ya bir u\u011frad\u0131ktan sonra Ba\u015fkan Xi Jinping'in davetiyle \u00c7in'i ziyaret etti. Temmuz 2015 tarihinde, g\u00f6revdeyken \u00fclkeyi ziyaret eden ilk Amerikan ba\u015fkan\u0131 olarak Obama Kenya'y\u0131 ziyaret etti. ",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 93,
                  "text": "Uluslararas\u0131 Ceza Mahkemesi dava tarihleri"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572914f46aef051400154a46",
              "question": "2007 se\u00e7iminin sonucu neydi?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 184,
                  "text": "ABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Barack Obama"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572914f46aef051400154a47",
              "question": "\u00dclkeyi 2013'de kim ziyaret etmemeyi tercih etti?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 375,
                  "text": "\u00c7in'i"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572914f46aef051400154a48",
              "question": "Ba\u015fkan\u0131n davetiyle Kenyatta nereyi ziyaret etti?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 395,
                  "text": "Temmuz 2015"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572914f46aef051400154a49",
              "question": "Obama sonunda ne zaman Kenya'y\u0131 ziyaret etti?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "\u00c7ocuk i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011fi Kenya'da yayg\u0131n. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fan \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu tar\u0131m alan\u0131nda aktif. UNICEF'in 2016 tahminlerine g\u00f6re, Malindi, Mombasa, Kilifi ve Diani k\u0131y\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerindeki k\u0131z \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n %30'a yak\u0131n\u0131 fuhu\u015fa maruz kalmakta. Kenya'daki fahi\u015felerin \u00e7o\u011fu 9\u201318 ya\u015f aras\u0131nda. Cinsiyet ve \u00c7ocuk \u0130\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, 2009'da 400 \u00e7ocuk koruma memurunu i\u015fe ald\u0131. \u00c7ocuk i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011finin sebepleri aras\u0131nda fakirlik, e\u011fitime eri\u015fimin eksik olmas\u0131 ve zay\u0131f devlet kurumlar\u0131 yer al\u0131yor. Kenya, sanayide i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc denetlemesiyle ilgili 81 Numaral\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fmeyi ve tar\u0131mda i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc denetlemesiyle ilgili 129 Numaral\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fmeyi kabul etmi\u015ftir.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 56,
                  "text": "tar\u0131m"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572920d73f37b31900478055",
              "question": "\u00c7al\u0131\u015fan \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu nerede \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 181,
                  "text": "%30'a yak\u0131n\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572920d73f37b31900478056",
              "question": "Kenya'n\u0131n k\u0131y\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerinde k\u0131z \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n y\u00fczde ka\u00e7\u0131 fuhu\u015f yapmaktad\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 245,
                  "text": "9\u201318"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572920d73f37b31900478057",
              "question": "Kenya'daki fahi\u015felerin \u00e7o\u011funun ya\u015f aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 nedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 381,
                  "text": "fakirlik, e\u011fitime eri\u015fimin eksik olmas\u0131 ve zay\u0131f devlet kurumlar\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572920d73f37b31900478058",
              "question": "\u00c7ocuk i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011finin baz\u0131 sebepleri nelerdir?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Kenya \u00e7e\u015fitli sporlarda aktiftir, bunlar aras\u0131nda kriket, ralli, futbol, ragbi birli\u011fi ve boks yer almaktad\u0131r. \u00c7e\u015fitli mesafe etkinliklerinde, \u00f6zellikle 800 m, 1,500 m, 3,000 m engelli ko\u015fu, 5,000 m, 10,000 m ve maratonda Olimpiyat ve \u0130ngiliz Milletler Toplulu\u011fu Oyunlar\u0131nda istikrarl\u0131 \u015fekilde \u015fampiyonlar \u00e7\u0131karmas\u0131yla, \u00fclke esas olarak orta mesafe ve uzun mesafe atletizmdeki hakimiyeti ile bilinir. Fas ve Etiyopya'dan rekabet bu \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc azaltsa da, Kenyal\u0131 atletler (\u00f6zellikle Kalenjin) mesafe ko\u015fusu d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda hakimiyeti devam ettiriyorlar. Kenya'n\u0131n en bilinen atletleri aras\u0131nda, d\u00f6rt sefer kad\u0131nlar Boston Maratonu galibi ve iki sefer d\u00fcnya \u015fampiyonu Catherine Ndereba, 800m d\u00fcnya rekorunun sahibi David Rudisha, Maraton d\u00fcnya rekorunun eski sahibi Paul Tergat ve John Ngugi yer almaktad\u0131r.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 50,
                  "text": "kriket, ralli, futbol, ragbi birli\u011fi ve boks"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5729281baf94a219006aa11f",
              "question": "Kenyal\u0131lar hangi sporlarda aktiftir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 337,
                  "text": "orta mesafe ve uzun mesafe atletizmdeki hakimiyeti"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5729281baf94a219006aa120",
              "question": "\u00dclke ne ile bilinir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 454,
                  "text": "Kenyal\u0131 atletler (\u00f6zellikle Kalenjin)"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5729281baf94a219006aa121",
              "question": "Uzun mesafe ko\u015fusu d\u00fcnyas\u0131 kimin hakimiyetindedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 401,
                  "text": "Fas ve Etiyopya'dan"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5729281baf94a219006aa122",
              "question": "Uzun mesafe ko\u015fuda Kenya hangi \u00fclkelerle rekabet halindedir?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "title": "Kenya"
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "context": "Koreli ekonomist Hoesung Lee, yeni IPCC B\u00fcro se\u00e7imlerini takiben 8 Ekim 2015'den beri IPCC ba\u015fkan\u0131d\u0131r. Bu se\u00e7imden \u00f6nce IPCC, Rajendra K. Pachauri'nin \u015eubat 2015 tarihinde istifas\u0131ndan sonra kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f vekil Ba\u015fkan olan IPCC ba\u015fkan yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 \u0130smail El Gizouli taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netiliyordu. \u00d6nceki ba\u015fkanlar, May\u0131s 2002'de se\u00e7ilen Rajendra K. Pachauri; 1997'de se\u00e7ilen Robert Watson ve 1988'de se\u00e7ilen Bert Bolin idi. Ba\u015fkan, ba\u015fkan yard\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma grubu e\u015f ba\u015fkanlar\u0131 ve bir sekreterin oldu\u011fu se\u00e7ilmi\u015f bir b\u00fcro taraf\u0131ndan desteklenir.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 17,
                  "text": "Hoesung Lee"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57293bc91d0469140077919b",
              "question": "IPCC ba\u015fkan\u0131 kimdir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 0,
                  "text": "Koreli"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57293bc91d0469140077919c",
              "question": "Hoesung Lee hangi millettendir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 249,
                  "text": "\u0130smail El Gizouli"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57293bc91d0469140077919d",
              "question": "IPCC ba\u015fkan yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 kimdir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 404,
                  "text": "Bert Bolin"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57293bc91d0469140077919e",
              "question": "IPCC'nin ilk ba\u015fkan\u0131 kimdi?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 151,
                  "text": "\u015eubat 2015"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57293bc91d0469140077919f",
              "question": "Pachauri IPCC ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ne zaman istifa etmi\u015ftir?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Politika \u00dcreticileri i\u00e7in WG I \u00d6zeti raporunun idari \u00f6zeti, insan etkinli\u011finden kaynakl\u0131 emisyonlar\u0131n sera gazlar\u0131n\u0131n atmosferik konsantrasyonlar\u0131n\u0131 ciddi manada art\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131, bunun da ortalamada D\u00fcnya y\u00fczeyinde ek \u0131s\u0131nmaya yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunda emin olduklar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. CO2'nin peki\u015fmi\u015f sera etkisinin yar\u0131s\u0131ndan fazlas\u0131ndan sorumlu oldu\u011funu g\u00fcvenle hesapl\u0131yorlar. \"Ayn\u0131 tas ayn\u0131 hamam\" (ATAH) senaryosu i\u00e7inde, [21.] y\u00fczy\u0131l boyunca k\u00fcresel ortalama s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n her on y\u0131lda yakla\u015f\u0131k 0.3 \u00b0C artaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tahmin ediyorlar. K\u00fcresel ortalama y\u00fczey hava s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n son 100 y\u0131lda 0.3 ila 0.6 \u00b0C artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcndeler, ve bu durum iklim model tahminleri ile a\u00e7\u0131k \u015fekilde uyumlu ancak ayn\u0131 zamanda do\u011fal iklim de\u011fi\u015fkenli\u011fi ile ayn\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckte. Peki\u015fmi\u015f sera etkisinin kesin tespiti daha bir on y\u0131l veya daha uzun bir s\u00fcre olas\u0131 g\u00f6z\u00fckm\u00fcyor.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 118,
                  "text": "atmosferik konsantrasyonlar\u0131n\u0131 ciddi manada art\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57293e221d046914007791d5",
              "question": "Politika \u00dcreticileri i\u00e7in WG I \u00d6zeti raporu insan etkinli\u011finin sera gazlar\u0131na ne yapmakta oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 193,
                  "text": "D\u00fcnya y\u00fczeyinde ek \u0131s\u0131nmaya"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57293e221d046914007791d6",
              "question": "Artm\u0131\u015f sera gazlar\u0131 neye sebep olmaktad\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 301,
                  "text": "yar\u0131s\u0131ndan fazlas\u0131ndan"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57293e221d046914007791d7",
              "question": "Sera etkisinin ne kadar\u0131 karbondioksit kaynakl\u0131d\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 364,
                  "text": "\"Ayn\u0131 tas ayn\u0131 hamam\" (ATAH)"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57293e221d046914007791d8",
              "question": "Sera gaz\u0131 \u00fcretme uygulamalar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmedi\u011fimiz senaryo nas\u0131l adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 573,
                  "text": "0.3 ila 0.6 \u00b0C"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57293e221d046914007791d9",
              "question": "Son y\u00fczy\u0131lda k\u00fcresel ortalama y\u00fczey hava s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ne kadar de\u011fi\u015fmi\u015ftir?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Bu tahmin politika \u00fcreticileri i\u00e7in olan son \u00f6zete dahil edilmedi. IPCC o zamandan beri tarihin yanl\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu kabul ederken ayn\u0131 zamanda da son \u00f6zetteki sonucun dayan\u0131kl\u0131 oldu\u011funu tekrar teyit etti. \"Oturmu\u015f IPCC prosed\u00fcrlerinin bu \u00f6rnekte k\u00f6t\u00fc uygulan\u0131\u015f\u0131\" i\u00e7in pi\u015fmanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ifade ettiler. 2035 tarihi WWF raporu \u00fczerinden IPCC taraf\u0131ndan do\u011fru \u015fekilde al\u0131nt\u0131land\u0131 ancak WWF kendi kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bir ICSI raporu olan \"K\u00fcresel ve B\u00f6lgesel \u00d6l\u00e7ekte ge\u00e7mi\u015fte ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Kar ve Buz Farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131\" raporunu yanl\u0131\u015f \u015fekilde al\u0131nt\u0131lam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 88,
                  "text": "tarihin"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572940973f37b319004781a5",
              "question": "IPCC neyin hatal\u0131 oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yledi?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 201,
                  "text": "\"Oturmu\u015f IPCC prosed\u00fcrlerinin bu \u00f6rnekte k\u00f6t\u00fc uygulan\u0131\u015f\u0131\""
                }
              ],
              "id": "572940973f37b319004781a6",
              "question": "IPCC ne i\u00e7in \u00f6z\u00fcr diledi?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 307,
                  "text": "WWF raporu"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572940973f37b319004781a7",
              "question": "Hatan\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131 neydi?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 418,
                  "text": "\"K\u00fcresel ve B\u00f6lgesel \u00d6l\u00e7ekte ge\u00e7mi\u015fte ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Kar ve Buz Farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131\""
                }
              ],
              "id": "572940973f37b319004781a8",
              "question": "Hangi rapor do\u011fru tarihi i\u00e7eriyordu?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc de\u011ferlendirme raporu (\u00dcDR), dikkat \u00e7ekici bir \u015fekilde, \"Bin Y\u0131ll\u0131k Kuzey Yar\u0131mk\u00fcre s\u0131cakl\u0131k rekonstr\u00fcksiyonu\" etiketli, Michael E. Mann, Raymond S. Bradley ve Malcom K. Hughes  taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f 1999 tarihli bir makaleye (MBH99) dayanan ve \"hokey sopas\u0131 grafi\u011fi\" olarak an\u0131lan bir grafik i\u00e7ermekteydi.Bu grafik, 1995 IPCC \u0130kinci De\u011ferlendirme Raporunda \u015eekil 3.20'de yer alan benzer grafi\u011fi geni\u015fletti ve s\u0131cakl\u0131k birimlerinin eksik oldu\u011fu, ancak ge\u00e7mi\u015f 1000 y\u0131lda daha b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u00fcresel s\u0131cakl\u0131k farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 ile Orta\u00e7a\u011f S\u0131cak D\u00f6nemi s\u0131ras\u0131nda 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l ortas\u0131ndan daha y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131klar g\u00f6steren ilk de\u011ferlendirme raporundaki bir \u015femadan farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6sterdi. \u015eema, verilerin ger\u00e7ek bir \u00e7izimi de\u011fildi ve \u0130ngiltere'deki Orta\u00e7a\u011f \u00fcz\u00fcm ba\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n belgeli kan\u0131tlar\u0131na dayanan s\u0131cakl\u0131k art\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011fu, orta \u0130ngiltere'deki bir s\u0131cakl\u0131k grafi\u011fine dayan\u0131yordu. Bu art\u0131\u015fla bile Orta\u00e7a\u011f S\u0131cak D\u00f6nemi i\u00e7in g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi en y\u00fcksek de\u011fer, 2007'de orta \u0130ngiltere'de kaydedilen s\u0131cakl\u0131klara eri\u015femedi. MBH99 bulgular\u0131, ayr\u0131 veri ve y\u00f6ntemler kullanan Jones et al. 1998, Pollack, Huang & Shen 1998, Crowley & Lowery 2000 ve Briffa 2000 at\u0131fl\u0131 rekonstr\u00fcksiyonlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan desteklendi. Jones et al. ve Briffa rekonstr\u00fcksiyonlar\u0131, IPCC raporundaki \u015eekil 2.21'de yer alan MBH99 rekonstr\u00fcksiyonu ile \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015fmekteydi.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 204,
                  "text": "1999"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57294209af94a219006aa201",
              "question": "\"Bin Y\u0131ll\u0131k Kuzey Yar\u0131mk\u00fcre s\u0131cakl\u0131k rekonstr\u00fcksiyonu\" grafi\u011finin dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 makale ne zaman yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 127,
                  "text": "Michael E. Mann, Raymond S. Bradley ve Malcom K. Hughes"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57294209af94a219006aa202",
              "question": "\"Bin Y\u0131ll\u0131k Kuzey Yar\u0131mk\u00fcre s\u0131cakl\u0131k rekonstr\u00fcksiyonu\" grafi\u011finin dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 makaleyi kim yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 250,
                  "text": "hokey sopas\u0131 grafi\u011fi"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57294209af94a219006aa203",
              "question": "\"Bin Y\u0131ll\u0131k Kuzey Yar\u0131mk\u00fcre s\u0131cakl\u0131k rekonstr\u00fcksiyonu\" grafi\u011finin lakab\u0131 nedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 1046,
                  "text": "Jones et al. 1998, Pollack, Huang & Shen 1998, Crowley & Lowery 2000 ve Briffa 2000"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57294209af94a219006aa204",
              "question": "Hangi rekonstr\u00fcksiyonlar 1999'daki makalenin bilgilerini desteklemi\u015ftir?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "IPCC'nin iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi \u00fczerine olan i\u015flemi ile bunun etkinli\u011fi ve ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131 di\u011fer \u00e7evresel m\u00fccadelelere yakla\u015f\u0131mlar ile k\u0131yaslanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (Ozon incelmesi ile k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nma k\u0131yaslamas\u0131). Ozon incelmesi konusunda Montreal Protokol\u00fcne dayanan k\u00fcresel d\u00fczenleme ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olmu\u015f, \u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi konusunda Kyoto Protokol\u00fc ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olmu\u015ftur. Ozon vakas\u0131 IPCC i\u015fleminin etkinli\u011fini de\u011ferlendirmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. IPCC'nin s\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131k durumu, \u00fclkeler ve h\u00fck\u00fcmetler kar\u015f\u0131t olmasa bile farkl\u0131 hedefler takip ederken geni\u015f bir bilimsel konsensus in\u015fa ettiriyor olmaktan kaynaklanmaktad\u0131r. Daha \u00e7ok bilgimiz olduk\u00e7a daha iyi politik yan\u0131t verilece\u011fine dair temeldeki lineer politika \u00fcretme modelinden \u015f\u00fcphe duyulmaktad\u0131r.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 212,
                  "text": "Montreal Protokol\u00fcne"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57294e6b1d04691400779275",
              "question": "Ozon incelmesi ile ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde m\u00fccadele eden nedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 275,
                  "text": "\u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57294e6b1d04691400779276",
              "question": "Kyoto Prokol\u00fc neye at\u0131fta bulunmaktad\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 439,
                  "text": "\u00fclkeler ve h\u00fck\u00fcmetler"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57294e6b1d04691400779277",
              "question": "Kimin hedefleri IPCC'ye halen s\u0131kl\u0131kla kar\u015f\u0131 gelmektedir?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "title": "Intergovernmental_Panel_on_Climate_Change"
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "context": "Yakla\u015f\u0131k bir milyar y\u0131l \u00f6nce bir yerde, serbest ya\u015fayan bir siyanobakteri erken bir \u00f6karyot h\u00fccreye girdi, ya besin olarak ya da bir i\u00e7 parazit olarak, ancak i\u00e7ine al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 fagositik vakuolden ka\u00e7may\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131. T\u00fcm kloroplastlar\u0131 \u00e7evreleyen en i\u00e7teki iki adet \u00e7ift tabakal\u0131 lipid zar ata siyanobakterinin gram negatif h\u00fccre duvar\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f zarlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelmektedir, muhtemelen kaybolmu\u015f olan, kona\u011fa ait fagozomal zara de\u011fil. Yeni h\u00fccresel konuk h\u0131zl\u0131ca bir avantaj haline gelmi\u015f, \u00f6karyot kona\u011fa besin sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f, o da i\u00e7inde ya\u015famas\u0131na izin vermi\u015ftir. Zaman i\u00e7inde siyanobakteri asimile edilmi\u015f ve genlerinin \u00e7o\u011fu kaybolmu\u015f ya da konak \u00e7ekirde\u011fine aktar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sonras\u0131nda proteinlerinden baz\u0131lar\u0131 konak h\u00fccrenin sitoplazmas\u0131nda sentezlenmi\u015f ve geri kloroplasta (eski siyanobakteri) g\u00f6nderilmi\u015ftir. ",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 84,
                  "text": "\u00f6karyot"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572957ad1d046914007792d9",
              "question": "Siyanobakteri uzun zaman \u00f6nce ne t\u00fcr bir h\u00fccreye girmi\u015ftir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 0,
                  "text": "Yakla\u015f\u0131k bir milyar y\u0131l \u00f6nce"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572957ad1d046914007792da",
              "question": "Ne kadar \u00f6nce siyanobakteri bir h\u00fccreye girmi\u015ftir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 240,
                  "text": "en i\u00e7teki iki adet \u00e7ift tabakal\u0131 lipid zar"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572957ad1d046914007792db",
              "question": "Kloroplastlar\u0131 ne \u00e7evreler?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 413,
                  "text": "fagozomal"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572957ad1d046914007792dc",
              "question": "Hangi t\u00fcr zar konaktan gelmektedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 606,
                  "text": "genlerinin \u00e7o\u011fu kaybolmu\u015f ya da konak \u00e7ekirde\u011fine aktar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572957ad1d046914007792dd",
              "question": "Siyanobakteri asimile edildi\u011finde ne olmu\u015ftur?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Siyanobakteri bir ataya izi s\u00fcr\u00fclebilen bu kloroplastlar birincil plastidler olarak bilinir (bu ba\u011flamda \"plastid\" kloroplast ile neredeyse ayn\u0131 \u015fey demektir). T\u00fcm birincil kloroplastlar, \u00fc\u00e7 kloroplast soyundan birine aittir\u2014glokofit kloroplast soyu, rodofit, veya k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 alg kloroplast soyu, veya kloroplastidan, veya ye\u015fil kloroplast soyu. \u0130kinci ikili en b\u00fcy\u00fckleridir ve ye\u015fil kloroplast soyu kara bitkilerini i\u00e7eren soydur.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 115,
                  "text": "kloroplast"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5729582b1d046914007792e3",
              "question": "'Plastid' ne anlama gelmektedir? "
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 188,
                  "text": "\u00fc\u00e7"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5729582b1d046914007792e4",
              "question": "Ka\u00e7 tane kloroplast soyu vard\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 265,
                  "text": "k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 alg kloroplast soyu"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5729582b1d046914007792e5",
              "question": "Rodofit ne anlama gelmektedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 320,
                  "text": "ye\u015fil kloroplast soyu"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5729582b1d046914007792e6",
              "question": "Kloroplastidan ne anlama gelmektedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 375,
                  "text": "ye\u015fil kloroplast soyu"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5729582b1d046914007792e7",
              "question": "Hangi soy kara bitkilerini i\u00e7ermektedir?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Kloroplastlar\u0131n, s\u0131kl\u0131kla ctDNA veya cp DNA olarak k\u0131salt\u0131lan kendi DNA'lar\u0131 vard\u0131r. Bu ayn\u0131 zamanda plastom olarak da bilinir. Varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilk olarak 1962 y\u0131l\u0131nda kan\u0131tlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve iki Japon ara\u015ft\u0131rma ekibinin ci\u011ferotu ve t\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn kloroplast DNA's\u0131n\u0131 diziledi\u011fi 1986 y\u0131l\u0131nda ilk defa dizilenmi\u015ftir. O zamandan beri farkl\u0131 t\u00fcrlerden y\u00fczlerce kloroplast DNA's\u0131 dizilenmi\u015ftir ama bunlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu kara bitkileri ve ye\u015fil alglere aittir\u2014glokofitler, k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 algler ve di\u011fer alg gruplar\u0131 son derece az temsil edilmektedir ve \"tipik\" kloroplast DNA yap\u0131s\u0131 ve i\u00e7eri\u011fi ile ilgili g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerde potansiyel olarak bir miktar yanl\u0131l\u0131k ortaya \u00e7\u0131karmaktad\u0131r. ",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 26,
                  "text": "ctDNA veya cp DNA"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572968cf1d046914007793cb",
              "question": "Kloroplast DNA's\u0131 ne olarak k\u0131salt\u0131l\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 101,
                  "text": "plastom"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572968cf1d046914007793cc",
              "question": "Kloroplast DNA's\u0131n\u0131n e\u015fanlaml\u0131s\u0131 nedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 147,
                  "text": "1962"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572968cf1d046914007793cd",
              "question": "Plastom ne zaman ke\u015ffedilmi\u015ftir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 258,
                  "text": "1986"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572968cf1d046914007793ce",
              "question": "\u0130lk plastom ne zaman dizilenmi\u015ftir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 178,
                  "text": "iki Japon ara\u015ft\u0131rma ekibinin"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572968cf1d046914007793cf",
              "question": "\u0130lk plastomu kim dizilemi\u015ftir?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Bir\u00e7ok kromalveolat soyundaki kay\u0131p kloroplastlar\u0131 endosimbiyotik gen transferi yoluyla bilebiliyoruz. Bir kloroplast sonunda kaybolsa bile, eski kona\u011f\u0131n \u00e7ekirde\u011fine ba\u011f\u0131\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 genler varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcr ve kay\u0131p kloroplast\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunda kan\u0131t sa\u011flar. \u00d6rne\u011fin, diatomlar (bir heterokontofit) \u015fu an k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 alg k\u00f6kenli kloroplast sahibiyken, diatom \u00e7ekirde\u011findeki bir\u00e7ok ye\u015fil alg geni diatom atas\u0131n\u0131n (muhtemelen t\u00fcm kromalveolatlar\u0131n da atas\u0131) bir noktada ye\u015fil alg k\u00f6kenli kloroplast sahibi oldu\u011fu ve yerine sonradan k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 kloroplast\u0131n ge\u00e7ti\u011fi konusunda kan\u0131t sa\u011flar. ",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 51,
                  "text": "endosimbiyotik gen transferi"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57296b151d046914007793f1",
              "question": "Bize kay\u0131p kloroplastlar\u0131 ne g\u00f6sterir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 207,
                  "text": "kay\u0131p kloroplast\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57296b151d046914007793f2",
              "question": "Ba\u011f\u0131\u015flanan genler neye kan\u0131t sa\u011flar?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 304,
                  "text": "k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 alg k\u00f6kenli kloroplast"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57296b151d046914007793f3",
              "question": "Diatomlar ne \u00e7e\u015fit bir kloroplasta sahiptir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 463,
                  "text": "ye\u015fil alg k\u00f6kenli kloroplast"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57296b151d046914007793f4",
              "question": "Diatomlar ne \u00e7e\u015fit bir kloroplasta sahipti ancak kaybetti?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "D\u0131\u015f ve i\u00e7 kloroplast zarlar\u0131 ile ilgili baz\u0131 yayg\u0131n yanl\u0131\u015f kan\u0131lar bulunmaktad\u0131r. Kloroplastlar\u0131n \u00e7ift bir zarla \u00e7evrelendi\u011fi ger\u00e7e\u011fi s\u0131kl\u0131kla onlar\u0131n endosimbiyotik siyanobakterinin soyundan geldi\u011finin kan\u0131t\u0131 olarak g\u00f6sterilir. Bu durum s\u0131kl\u0131kla d\u0131\u015f kloroplast zar\u0131n\u0131n ata siyanobakteriyi \u00e7evrelemek amac\u0131yla bir vezik\u00fcl olu\u015fturacak \u015fekilde katlanan konak h\u00fccre zar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc anlam\u0131na geldi\u011fi \u015feklinde yorumlan\u0131r\u2014ki bu yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u2014iki kloroplast zar\u0131 da siyanobakterinin orijinal \u00e7ift zar\u0131yla homologdur. ",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 98,
                  "text": "\u00e7ift bir zarla \u00e7evrelendi\u011fi"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57296d1b1d0469140077940d",
              "question": "Kloroplastlar\u0131n endosimbiyotik siyanobakterinin soyundan geldi\u011finin kan\u0131t\u0131 nedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 270,
                  "text": "ata siyanobakteriyi \u00e7evrelemek amac\u0131yla bir vezik\u00fcl olu\u015fturacak \u015fekilde katlanan konak h\u00fccre zar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57296d1b1d0469140077940e",
              "question": "D\u0131\u015f kloroplast zar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda yanl\u0131\u015f olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen \u015fey nedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 492,
                  "text": "homologdur"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57296d1b1d0469140077940f",
              "question": "\u0130ki kloroplast zar\u0131 da siyanobakterinin orijinal \u00e7ift zar\u0131na nas\u0131l benzemektedir?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "title": "Chloroplast"
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "context": "\ufeffAsal say\u0131 (veya asal), 1 ve kendisi haricinde pozitif b\u00f6leni olmayan 1\u2019den b\u00fcy\u00fck do\u011fal bir say\u0131d\u0131r. Asal say\u0131 olmayan 1\u2019den b\u00fcy\u00fck bir do\u011fal say\u0131 bile\u015fik say\u0131 olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, 5 asal bir say\u0131d\u0131r \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc 1 ve 5 say\u0131lar\u0131, 5\u2019in pozitif olan tek tam say\u0131 fakt\u00f6rleriyken, 6 ise 1 ve 6\u2019ya ek olarak 2 ve 3 b\u00f6lenlerine sahip oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in bile\u015fik bir say\u0131d\u0131r. Aritmeti\u011fin temel teoremi say\u0131lar teorisinde asal say\u0131lar\u0131n ana rol\u00fcn\u00fc olu\u015fturur: 1\u2019den b\u00fcy\u00fck herhangi bir asal say\u0131, s\u0131ralamaya ba\u011fl\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n tek asal say\u0131lar\u0131n bir \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc olarak ifade edilebilir. Bu teoremdeki teklik 1\u2019in bir asal say\u0131 olarak hari\u00e7 b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirir \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc herhangi bir \u00e7arpanlara ay\u0131rmada 1\u2019in geli\u015fig\u00fczel bir\u00e7ok \u00f6rne\u011fi dahil edilebilir, \u00f6rne\u011fin: 3, 1 \u00b7 3, 1 \u00b7 1 \u00b7 3 vb. gibi \u00f6rneklerin t\u00fcm\u00fc, 3\u2019\u00fcn ge\u00e7erli \u00e7arpanlara ay\u0131rma \u00f6rnekleridir. ",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 29,
                  "text": "kendisi"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57296d571d04691400779413",
              "question": "Asal bir say\u0131n\u0131n 1 say\u0131s\u0131na ek olarak alabilece\u011fi tek b\u00f6len say\u0131 hangisidir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 146,
                  "text": "bile\u015fik say\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57296d571d04691400779414",
              "question": "1\u2019den b\u00fcy\u00fck olan, 3 veya daha fazla say\u0131ya b\u00f6l\u00fcnebilen say\u0131lara ne ad verilir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 362,
                  "text": "Aritmeti\u011fin temel teoremi"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57296d571d04691400779415",
              "question": "Hangi teorem, say\u0131lar teorisinde asal say\u0131lar\u0131n ana rol\u00fcn\u00fc tan\u0131mlar?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 512,
                  "text": "asal say\u0131lar\u0131n"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57296d571d04691400779416",
              "question": "1\u2019den b\u00fcy\u00fck herhangi bir say\u0131 neyin \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc olarak temsil edilebilir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 646,
                  "text": "herhangi bir \u00e7arpanlara ay\u0131rmada 1\u2019in geli\u015fig\u00fczel bir\u00e7ok \u00f6rne\u011fi dahil edilebilir"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57296d571d04691400779417",
              "question": "Temel teoremin tekli\u011fini korumak i\u00e7in bir say\u0131s\u0131 neden hari\u00e7 tutulmal\u0131d\u0131r?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Asal olma (veya olmama) niteli\u011fi asall\u0131k olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Herhangi bir n say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n basit ancak yava\u015f olarak asall\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n do\u011frulanmas\u0131 deneme b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesi olarak bilinir. Deneme b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesi, n say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n 2 ve kendisi aras\u0131ndaki b\u00fct\u00fcn tam say\u0131lar\u0131n bir katsay\u0131s\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 denemekten olu\u015fur. Deneme b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesinden \u00e7ok daha fazla etkili olan algoritmalar b\u00fcy\u00fck say\u0131lar\u0131n asall\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 denemek i\u00e7in tasarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu algoritmalar, h\u0131zl\u0131 ancak az bir hata ihtimali bulunan Miller-Rabin asall\u0131k testi, polinomsal zamanda her zaman do\u011fru cevab\u0131 veren ancak pratikte \u00e7ok yava\u015f olan AKS asall\u0131k testini i\u00e7erir. \u00d6zellikle, \u00f6zel bi\u00e7imlerdeki say\u0131lar i\u00e7in Mersenne say\u0131lar\u0131 gibi h\u0131zl\u0131 y\u00f6ntemler bulunmaktad\u0131r. Ocak 2016[g\u00fcncelleme] itibar\u0131yla, bilinen en b\u00fcy\u00fck asal say\u0131 22.338.618 ondal\u0131k basama\u011fa sahiptir. ",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 33,
                  "text": "asall\u0131k"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57296f293f37b319004783a3",
              "question": "Bir say\u0131n\u0131n asal olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirleyen niteli\u011fin ad\u0131 nedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 137,
                  "text": "deneme b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesi"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57296f293f37b319004783a4",
              "question": "N say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n asall\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frulayan i\u015flemin ad\u0131 nedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 468,
                  "text": "Miller-Rabin asall\u0131k testi"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57296f293f37b319004783a5",
              "question": "B\u00fcy\u00fck say\u0131lar\u0131n asall\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 uygun \u015fekilde denemekte kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131 olan bir algoritman\u0131n ad\u0131 nedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 574,
                  "text": "AKS asall\u0131k testini"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57296f293f37b319004783a6",
              "question": "B\u00fcy\u00fck say\u0131lar\u0131n asall\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 uygun \u015fekilde denemekte kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131 olan di\u011fer algoritman\u0131n ad\u0131 nedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 759,
                  "text": "22.338.618"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57296f293f37b319004783a7",
              "question": "Ocak 2016 itibar\u0131yla bilinen en b\u00fcy\u00fck asal say\u0131 ka\u00e7 basamaktan olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc t\u00fcr bir konjonkt\u00fcr, asallar\u0131n da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 konusu ile ilgilenir. Sonsuz say\u0131da ikiz asallar, 2 farka sahip asal say\u0131 \u00e7iftleri (ikiz asal konjonkt\u00fcr\u00fc) oldu\u011fu varsay\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Polignac konjonkt\u00fcr\u00fc bu konjonkt\u00fcr\u00fc destekleyen, her pozitif n tam say\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7in, 2n fark bulunan ard\u0131l asallar\u0131n sonsuz \u00e7iftleri bulundu\u011funu ifade eder. n2 + 1 bi\u00e7iminin sonsuz say\u0131da bir\u00e7ok asallar\u0131 oldu\u011fu varsay\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu varsay\u0131mlar, Schinzel\u2019in geni\u015f hipotezi H\u2019nin \u00f6zel durumlar\u0131d\u0131r. Brocard konjonkt\u00fcr\u00fc, 2\u2019den b\u00fcy\u00fck ard\u0131l asal say\u0131lar\u0131n kareleri aras\u0131nda her zaman en az d\u00f6rt asal\u0131n oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yler. Legendre konjonkt\u00fcr\u00fc, her pozitif n tam say\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7in n2 ve (n + 1)2 aras\u0131nda bir asal say\u0131 oldu\u011funu ifade eder. Bu, daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc Cram\u00e9r konjonkt\u00fcr\u00fcnde belirtilmi\u015ftir.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 130,
                  "text": "ikiz asal konjonkt\u00fcr\u00fc"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572991943f37b319004784a1",
              "question": "Hangi konjonkt\u00fcrde sonsuz bir ikiz asal say\u0131lar miktar\u0131 oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemektedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 96,
                  "text": "2 farka sahip asal say\u0131 \u00e7iftleri"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572991943f37b319004784a2",
              "question": "\u0130kiz asal nedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 178,
                  "text": "Polignac konjonkt\u00fcr\u00fc"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572991943f37b319004784a3",
              "question": "Her pozitif n tam say\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7in, 2n fark bulunan ard\u0131l asal say\u0131 \u00e7iftlerinin sonsuz miktarda oldu\u011funu hangi konjonkt\u00fcr s\u00f6ylemektedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 330,
                  "text": "n2 + 1"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572991943f37b319004784a4",
              "question": "Schinzel hipotezinin \u00f6zel durumlar\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan sonsuz miktardaki asallar\u0131n bi\u00e7imi neden olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 470,
                  "text": "Brocard konjonkt\u00fcr\u00fc"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572991943f37b319004784a5",
              "question": "2\u2019den b\u00fcy\u00fck ard\u0131l asallar\u0131n kareleri aras\u0131nda her zaman en az 4 asal\u0131n oldu\u011funu hangi konjonkt\u00fcr belirtir?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Asal say\u0131 kavram\u0131 o kadar \u00f6nemlidir ki, bu kavram matemati\u011fin \u00e7e\u015fitli dallar\u0131nda farkl\u0131 \u015fekillerde genelle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Genel olarak \u201casal\u201d, uygun bir kapsamda minimalite veya ayr\u0131\u015fmazl\u0131k anlam\u0131n\u0131 ifade eder. \u00d6rne\u011fin, asal alan, hem 0 ve 1 i\u00e7eren F alan\u0131n\u0131n en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck alt alan\u0131d\u0131r. Asal alan ya Q ya da p unsurlar\u0131yla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 bir aland\u0131r ve ad\u0131 buradan gelir. S\u0131kl\u0131kla, asal kelimesi kullan\u0131larak, herhangi bir nesnenin temelde benzersiz olarak asal bile\u015fenlerine ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda ikinci, ek bir anlam katmak istenilmektedir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm teorisinde asal bir d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmesi zor iki adet d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm olarak yaz\u0131lamayan kavram\u0131nda ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lamaz bir d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmd\u00fcr. Herhangi bir d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm toplam ba\u011fl\u0131 asal d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmler olarak benzersiz \u015fekilde ifade edilebilir. Asal modeller ve asal 3 manifoldlar\u0131 bu t\u00fcr\u00fcn di\u011fer \u00f6rnekleridir.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 160,
                  "text": "minimalite veya ayr\u0131\u015fmazl\u0131k"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57299a6f6aef051400155016",
              "question": "Asal kelimesi genellikle neyi ifade eder?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 258,
                  "text": "en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck alt alan\u0131d\u0131r"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57299a6f6aef051400155017",
              "question": "0 ve 1 i\u00e7eren F alan\u0131 i\u00e7in asal alan ne olur?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 683,
                  "text": "toplam ba\u011fl\u0131 asal d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmler"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57299a6f6aef051400155019",
              "question": "Herhangi bir d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm farkl\u0131 olarak nas\u0131l g\u00f6sterilebilir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 397,
                  "text": "herhangi bir nesnenin temelde benzersiz olarak asal bile\u015fenlerine ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57299a6f6aef05140015501a",
              "question": "Asal kelimesi kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kastedilen ek anlam nedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 576,
                  "text": "\u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmesi zor iki adet d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm olarak yaz\u0131lamayan"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57299a6f6aef051400155018",
              "question": "Bir d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcn ayr\u0131\u015fmaz olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmesi ne anlama gelmektedir?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "\u00d6zellikle, bu norm, ola\u011fan mutlak de\u011fere (sonsuz asal olarak da ifade edilir) tam bir z\u0131tl\u0131k i\u00e7inde bir say\u0131 p ile \u00e7arp\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr. Mutlak de\u011fer bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Q\u2019yu tamamlamak (genel hatlar\u0131yla bo\u015fluklar\u0131 doldurmak) ger\u00e7ek say\u0131lar alan\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015ftursa da p-sel |\u2212|p normu bak\u0131m\u0131ndan tamamlamak, p-sel say\u0131lar alan\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturur. Ostrowski teoremine g\u00f6re, bunlar temelde Q\u2019yu tamamlaman\u0131n olas\u0131 t\u00fcm y\u00f6ntemleridir. Q veya daha genel k\u00fcresel alanlarla ile ilgili baz\u0131 aritmetik sorular tamamlanan (veya yerel) alanlara ileri ve geri olacak \u015fekilde aktar\u0131labilir. Bu yerel-k\u00fcresel prensip asallar\u0131n say\u0131lar teorisindeki \u00f6neminin tekrar alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izmektedir.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 129,
                  "text": "k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5729a26d6aef05140015505a",
              "question": "Bir say\u0131 p ile \u00e7arp\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda norma ne olur?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 481,
                  "text": "tamamlanan (veya yerel) alanlara"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5729a26d6aef05140015505b",
              "question": "Genel k\u00fcresel alanlar nereye veya nereden aktar\u0131labilirler?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 138,
                  "text": "Mutlak de\u011fer"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5729a26d6aef05140015505c",
              "question": "Q\u2019yu hangi bak\u0131mdan tamamlamak ger\u00e7ek say\u0131lar\u0131n alan\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturur?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 561,
                  "text": "yerel-k\u00fcresel prensip"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5729a26d6aef05140015505d",
              "question": "Hangi prensip, asallar\u0131n say\u0131lar teorisindeki \u00f6nemini vurgular?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "title": "Prime_number"
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "context": "Bingen ve Bonn aras\u0131nda, Orta Ren nehri, erozyon taraf\u0131ndan meydana getirilmi\u015f bir olu\u015fum olan Ren Vadisi i\u00e7inden akar. Erozyon h\u0131z\u0131 b\u00f6lgedeki zemin y\u00fckselmesiyle e\u015fit derecedeydi, \u00f6yle ki, nehir ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 seviyesine yak\u0131n kal\u0131rken \u00e7evreleyen topraklar y\u00fckseldi. Vadi olduk\u00e7a derin olup, bir\u00e7ok kale ve \u00fcz\u00fcm ba\u011f\u0131 ile bilinen nehrin yata\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. B\u00f6lge, bir UNESCO D\u00fcnya Miras Alan\u0131 olup, Orta \u00c7a\u011f\u2019dan kalan 40\u2019dan fazla kale ve hisarlar ve bir\u00e7ok ilgi \u00e7ekici ve ho\u015f k\u00f6yleriyle \u201cRomantik Ren\u201d olarak bilinmektedir.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 25,
                  "text": "Orta Ren"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572f6a0ba23a5019007fc5eb",
              "question": "Bingen ve Bonn i\u00e7inden hangi nehir akar?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 95,
                  "text": "Ren Vadisi"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572f6a0ba23a5019007fc5ec",
              "question": "Bingen ve Bonn aras\u0131ndaki vadi nedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 41,
                  "text": "erozyon"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572f6a0ba23a5019007fc5ed",
              "question": "Ren Vadisi nas\u0131l olu\u015fmu\u015ftur?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 475,
                  "text": "Romantik Ren"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572f6a0ba23a5019007fc5ee",
              "question": "Ren Vadisi yak\u0131n\u0131ndaki Orta \u00c7a\u011f\u2019dan kalma kaleleri bulunan b\u00f6lgeye ne ad verilir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 25,
                  "text": "Orta Ren"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572ff12e04bcaa1900d76eff",
              "question": "Bingen ve Bonn i\u00e7inden hangi nehir akar?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 95,
                  "text": "Ren Vadisi"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572ff12e04bcaa1900d76f00",
              "question": "Orta Ren Nehri, Bingen ve Bonn i\u00e7inden nereye akar?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 295,
                  "text": "kale ve \u00fcz\u00fcm ba\u011f\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572ff12e04bcaa1900d76f02",
              "question": "Ren Vadisi ne ile tan\u0131n\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 475,
                  "text": "Romantik Ren"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572ff12e04bcaa1900d76f03",
              "question": "Ren Vadisi\u2019nin UNESCO taraf\u0131ndan tan\u0131nan b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne ne ad verilir?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Hollanda\u2019n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli do\u011fal alan\u0131 Rhine-Meuse Deltas\u0131, Ren Nehri\u2019nin Waal ve Nederrijn\u2019e ayr\u0131lmas\u0131yla, Hollanda-Almanya s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131na yak\u0131n Millingen aan de Rijn civar\u0131nda ba\u015flar. Ren Nehri suyun \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funa katk\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, daha k\u0131sa terim olan Ren Deltas\u0131 yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Bununla birlikte, bu isim Ren Nehri\u2019nin Konstanz G\u00f6l\u00fc\u2019ne d\u00f6k\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc nehir deltas\u0131 i\u00e7in de kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, daha b\u00fcy\u00fck olan\u0131 Ren-Meuse deltas\u0131 veya hatta Schelde Nehri de ayn\u0131 deltaya d\u00f6k\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7in, Ren-Meuse-Schelde deltas\u0131 olarak adland\u0131rmak daha da net olacakt\u0131r.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 35,
                  "text": "Rhine-Meuse"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572ff673b2c2fd1400568669",
              "question": "Hollanda\u2019daki deltan\u0131n ad\u0131 nedir? "
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 136,
                  "text": "Millingen aan de Rijn civar\u0131nda"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572ff673b2c2fd140056866a",
              "question": "Hollanda\u2019daki delta nerede ba\u015flar?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 247,
                  "text": "Ren Deltas\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572ff673b2c2fd140056866b",
              "question": "Hollanda\u2019daki delta i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan takma isim nedir?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Son buzul devri ~74.000 y\u0131l (G\u00d6 = G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczden \u00d6nce) zaman\u0131ndan, Pleistosen \u00c7a\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n sonuna kadar (~11.600 y\u0131l G\u00d6) s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bu buzul devri, Kuzeybat\u0131 Avrupa\u2019da, 70.000 y\u0131l ve 29.000\u201324.000 y\u0131l \u00f6ncesinde zirve yaparak, iki \u00e7ok so\u011fuk faz ge\u00e7irdi. Son faz, k\u00fcresel son buzul \u00e7a\u011f\u0131 maksimumundan (Son Buzul Maksimum) nispeten \u00f6nce gelir. Bu zaman i\u00e7inde, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 Ren yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak bat\u0131ya do\u011fru Hollanda \u00fczerinden akarak, g\u00fcneybat\u0131ya do\u011fru uzan\u0131p, Man\u015f Denizi \u00fczerinden nihayetinde Atlantik Okyanusu\u2019na ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Man\u015f Denizi, \u0130rlanda Denizi ve Kuzey Denizi\u2019nin \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu, deniz seviyesinin g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczden yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak 120 m (390 ft) daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 toprak alanlardan olu\u015fmaktayd\u0131. ",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 16,
                  "text": "~74.000 y\u0131l (G\u00d6 = G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczden \u00d6nce)"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e5",
              "question": "Son buzul devri ne zaman ba\u015flad\u0131?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 98,
                  "text": "11.600 y\u0131l G\u00d6"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e6",
              "question": "Son buzul devri ne zaman sona erdi?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 376,
                  "text": "bat\u0131ya"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e7",
              "question": "Son so\u011fuk fazda Ren Nehri hangi y\u00f6ne do\u011fru akmaktayd\u0131?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 613,
                  "text": "120 m"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e8",
              "question": "Kuzey Denizi seviyesi son so\u011fuk fazda bug\u00fcn oldu\u011fundan daha ne kadar d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fc?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 509,
                  "text": "Man\u015f Denizi"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e9",
              "question": "Kuzey Denizi ve \u0130rlanda Denizi\u2019nin yan\u0131nda, ba\u015fka neyin seviyesi son so\u011fuk fazda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fc?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Kuzeybat\u0131 Avrupa 22.000 y\u0131l \u00f6nce yava\u015f\u00e7a \u0131s\u0131nmaya ba\u015flad\u0131, donmu\u015f alt topraklar ve genle\u015fen alpin buzullar\u0131 erimeye ba\u015flad\u0131 ve sonbahar-k\u0131\u015f kar \u00f6rt\u00fcleri baharda erimeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan suyun \u00e7o\u011fu Ren Nehri ve a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 ak\u0131m uzant\u0131s\u0131na y\u00f6neldi. H\u0131zl\u0131 \u0131s\u0131nma ve bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri ve ormanlar 13.000 y\u0131l \u00f6nce olu\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. 9000 y\u0131l \u00f6ncesi itibar\u0131yla Avrupa tamamen a\u011fa\u00e7land\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f haldeydi. K\u00fcresel olarak \u00e7ekilen buz \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcyle birlikte, okyanus su seviyeleri y\u00fckseldi, Man\u015f Denizi ve Kuzey Denizi tekrar su ile kapland\u0131. Erime suyu, okyanusa ve toprak \u00e7\u00f6kmesine katk\u0131da bulunarak, Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6nceki sahillerini sular alt\u0131nda b\u0131rakt\u0131. ",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 17,
                  "text": "22.000 y\u0131l \u00f6nce"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572fffb404bcaa1900d76fef",
              "question": "Son Buzul \u00c7a\u011f\u0131\u2019nda Avrupa ne zaman yava\u015f yava\u015f \u0131s\u0131nmaya ba\u015flad\u0131?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 108,
                  "text": "erimeye"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff0",
              "question": "Donmu\u015f alt topraklar ve genle\u015fmi\u015f alpin buzullar\u0131na ne olmaya ba\u015flad\u0131?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 202,
                  "text": "Ren"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff1",
              "question": "Son Buzul \u00c7a\u011f\u0131\u2019nda Avrupa\u2019da buzullardan ortaya s\u0131kan su nereye gitti?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 302,
                  "text": "13.000 y\u0131l"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff2",
              "question": "H\u0131zl\u0131 \u0131s\u0131nma ne zaman ba\u015flad\u0131 ve bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc geli\u015fimine yard\u0131m etti?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 336,
                  "text": "9000 y\u0131l"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff3",
              "question": "Avrupa ne zaman tamamen a\u011fa\u00e7l\u0131k bir hale geldi ve son Buzul \u00c7a\u011f\u0131\u2019ndan kurtuldu?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n sonunda, Renanya, Versay Bar\u0131\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019na tabi oldu. Antla\u015fmaya g\u00f6re, Renanya, 1935 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar m\u00fcttefiklerin i\u015fgali alt\u0131nda kalacak ve sonras\u0131nda, Alman ordusunun b\u00f6lgeye girmesi yasaklanarak, b\u00f6lgenin silahs\u0131z b\u00f6lge olmas\u0131na karar verilmi\u015fti. Versay Bar\u0131\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131 ve \u00f6zellikle bu madde Almanya\u2019da genel olarak bir k\u0131zg\u0131nl\u0131k olu\u015fturdu ve bu maddenin s\u0131k\u00e7a Adolf Hitler\u2019in iktidara y\u00fckselmesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 oldu\u011fu y\u00f6n\u00fcnde bahsedilmektedir. M\u00fcttefikler Renanya\u2019y\u0131 1930\u2019da terk ettiler ve Alman ordusu 1936 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde pop\u00fcler olan Renanya\u2019y\u0131 tekrar ele ge\u00e7irdi. M\u00fcttefikler tekrar ele ge\u00e7irmeyi muhtemelen engelleyebilecek g\u00fc\u00e7leri olsa bile, Hitler\u2019e taviz verme politikalar\u0131n\u0131n bir \u00f6zelli\u011fi olarak, \u0130ngiltere ve Fransa\u2019n\u0131n bunu yapmaya istekleri yoktu.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 0,
                  "text": "I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n sonunda"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77063",
              "question": "Renanya, Versay Bar\u0131\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131na ne zaman tabi oldu?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 102,
                  "text": "1935"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77064",
              "question": "M\u00fcttefikler Renanya\u2019y\u0131 ne zaman terk edeceklerdi?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 172,
                  "text": "Alman ordusunun"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77065",
              "question": "1935\u2019ten sonra Renanya\u2019ya kimin girmesi yasaklanacakt\u0131?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 384,
                  "text": "Adolf Hitler\u2019in iktidara y\u00fckselmesine"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77066",
              "question": "Versay Bar\u0131\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n neye yard\u0131mc\u0131 oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmektedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 524,
                  "text": "1936"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77067",
              "question": "Alman ordusu Renanya\u2019y\u0131 ne zaman geri ele ge\u00e7irdi?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "title": "Rhine"
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "context": "1978 \u0130sko\u00e7ya Yasas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ko\u015fullar\u0131na g\u00f6re, toplam se\u00e7menin en az %40\u2019\u0131n\u0131 temsil eden 1 Mart 1979\u2019da yap\u0131lacak referandumda \u0130sko\u00e7 se\u00e7menlerinin \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun oy vermesi \u015fart\u0131yla se\u00e7ilmi\u015f bir meclis Edinburgh \u015fehrinde a\u00e7\u0131lacakt\u0131. Devrolan bir \u0130sko\u00e7 Meclisini kurmak i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan 1979 \u0130sko\u00e7ya Referandumu ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z oldu. Oy oran\u0131 \u0130sko\u00e7 Meclisinin lehine 51.6% olsa bile bu oran, kanuna ge\u00e7mesi i\u00e7in gerekli g\u00f6r\u00fclen, toplam se\u00e7menin %40 baraj\u0131na e\u015fit de\u011fildi zira oy kullanma hakk\u0131na sahip n\u00fcfusun %32.9 oran\u0131ndaki k\u0131sm\u0131 oy vermedi veya veremedi. ",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 195,
                  "text": "Edinburgh"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572fadcbb2c2fd1400568329",
              "question": "1978 \u0130sko\u00e7ya Yasas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ko\u015fullar\u0131na g\u00f6re se\u00e7ilmi\u015f meclis nerede a\u00e7\u0131lacakt\u0131?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 142,
                  "text": "\u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572fadcbb2c2fd140056832a",
              "question": "Referandumun ge\u00e7erli olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u0130sko\u00e7 se\u00e7meninin y\u00fczde ka\u00e7\u0131 gerekiyordu?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 349,
                  "text": "51.6%"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572fadcbb2c2fd140056832c",
              "question": "\u0130sko\u00e7 Meclisi lehine olan oy oran\u0131 neydi?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 300,
                  "text": "ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572fadcbb2c2fd140056832b",
              "question": "1979\u2019da ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir \u0130sko\u00e7 Meclisi a\u00e7maya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak nas\u0131l sonu\u00e7land\u0131?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 492,
                  "text": "%32.9"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572fadcbb2c2fd140056832d",
              "question": "\u0130sko\u00e7ya\u2019n\u0131n oy kullanma hakk\u0131na sahip n\u00fcfusunun y\u00fczde ka\u00e7\u0131 oy kullanmakta ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z oldu?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "\u0130sko\u00e7 Parlamentosu\u2019nun g\u00f6revlerinin \u00e7o\u011fu komitede yap\u0131l\u0131r. Komitelerin, \u0130sko\u00e7 Parlamentosundaki rol\u00fc, di\u011fer parlamenter sistemlerden daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcd\u00fcr bu k\u0131smen, muhalif parlamento \u00fcyelerinin h\u00fck\u00fcmeti denetleme rol\u00fcn\u00fc daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc k\u0131lmak ve k\u0131smen de yeniden g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme odas\u0131n\u0131n olmamas\u0131 ger\u00e7e\u011fini telafi etmek sebebinden kaynaklanmaktad\u0131r. \u0130sko\u00e7 Parlamentosu\u2019ndaki komitelerin ana rol\u00fc \u015fahitlerden kan\u0131t toplamak, soru\u015fturmalarda bulunmak ve yasamay\u0131 denetlemektir. Komite toplant\u0131lar\u0131, Parlamento oturumlar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda Sal\u0131, \u00c7ar\u015famba ve Per\u015fembe sabahlar\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. Komiteler ayr\u0131ca \u0130sko\u00e7ya\u2019da d\u00f6rt ayr\u0131 yerde toplanabilir. ",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 41,
                  "text": "komitede"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf5",
              "question": "\u0130sko\u00e7 Parlamentosu\u2019nun i\u015flerinin \u00e7o\u011fu nerede g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 138,
                  "text": "g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcd\u00fcr"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf6",
              "question": "\u0130sko\u00e7 Parlamentosu\u2019ndaki komiteler di\u011fer sistemlerle k\u0131yasland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ne durumdad\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 245,
                  "text": "yeniden g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme odas\u0131n\u0131n olmamas\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf7",
              "question": "B\u00f6ylesine b\u00fcy\u00fck bir rol \u00fcstlenen komitelere sahip olarak neyin telafi edilmesi ama\u00e7lanmaktad\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 369,
                  "text": "ana rol\u00fc"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf8",
              "question": "\u015eahitlerden kan\u0131t toplamak komitelerin hangi durumlar\u0131ndan bir tanesidir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 578,
                  "text": "\u0130sko\u00e7ya\u2019da d\u00f6rt ayr\u0131 yerde"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf9",
              "question": "Komiteler Parlamento d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda nerede toplanabilirler?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Ba\u015fka bir komite t\u00fcr\u00fc, \u0130sko\u00e7 Parlamentosu\u2019nun veya \u0130sko\u00e7 H\u00fck\u00fcmetinin bir \u00fcyesi olmayan, genellikle d\u0131\u015f bir parti veya d\u00fczenleyiciler taraf\u0131ndan \u0130sko\u00e7 Parlamentosu\u2019na sunulan \u00f6zel kanun tekliflerinin tetkiki i\u00e7in olu\u015fturulan komitelerdir. \u00d6zel kanun teklifleri \u00e7o\u011funlukla toprak veya m\u00fclk kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 gerektiren altyap\u0131 projeleri gibi b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7apl\u0131 kalk\u0131nma projeleri ile ilgilidir. \u00d6zel Kanun Komiteleri, Edinburgh Tramvay A\u011f\u0131, Glasgow Havaalan\u0131 Demiryolu Ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131, Airdrie-Bathgate Demiryolu Ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 ve \u0130sko\u00e7ya Ulusal Galerisi uzant\u0131lar\u0131 gibi geli\u015fimler hakk\u0131ndaki sorunlarda yasamay\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurmak i\u00e7in kurulmu\u015ftur. ",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 10,
                  "text": "komite"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572fc8a904bcaa1900d76d1f",
              "question": "Parti harici taraflar\u0131n sundu\u011fu \u00f6zel kanun tekliflerini incelemek i\u00e7in ne kurulur?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 334,
                  "text": "b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7apl\u0131 kalk\u0131nma projeleri"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572fc8a904bcaa1900d76d20",
              "question": "\u00d6zel kanun teklifleri genel olarak hangi konulara sahiptir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 51,
                  "text": "\u0130sko\u00e7 H\u00fck\u00fcmetinin"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572fc8a904bcaa1900d76d21",
              "question": "Topra\u011f\u0131n ya da m\u00fclk\u00fcn kullan\u0131m iznine kim karar verir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 380,
                  "text": "\u00d6zel Kanun"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572fc8a904bcaa1900d76d22",
              "question": "Edinburgh Tramvay A\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n geli\u015fiminde ne t\u00fcr bir komite yasamay\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurmu\u015ftur?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Sakl\u0131 konular, \u0130sko\u00e7 Parlamentosu\u2019nun yasama yetkisi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bulunan hususlar\u0131 i\u00e7erir. \u0130sko\u00e7 Parlamentosu sakl\u0131 olan konular hakk\u0131nda yasama yetkisini kullanamaz ve bu konular Westminster\u2019da (ve Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k H\u00fck\u00fcmeti bakanlar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n idari i\u015flevlerinin bulundu\u011fu yerlerde) ele al\u0131n\u0131r. Bu konular, k\u00fcrtaj, yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k ilkesi, sivil hizmet, BK \u00fcr\u00fcn ve hizmetleri i\u00e7in ortak pazarlar, anayasa, elektrik, k\u00f6m\u00fcr, akaryak\u0131t, gaz, n\u00fckleer enerji, savunma ve milli g\u00fcvenlik, uyu\u015fturucu politikas\u0131, istihdam, d\u0131\u015f politika ve Avrupa ile ili\u015fkiler, ula\u015f\u0131m g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ve d\u00fczenlemesinin bir\u00e7ok y\u00f6n\u00fc, Milli Piyango, s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n korunmas\u0131, sosyal g\u00fcvenlik ve Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131n mali, ekonomik ve parasal sisteminin kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi konular\u0131 i\u00e7erir.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 0,
                  "text": "Sakl\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572fcc43b2c2fd140056847d",
              "question": "\u0130sko\u00e7 Parlamentosu\u2019nun yasama kabiliyetinin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bulunan konular nelerdir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 87,
                  "text": "\u0130sko\u00e7 Parlamentosu"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572fcc43b2c2fd140056847e",
              "question": "Westminster\u2019da ele al\u0131nan konular kim taraf\u0131ndan ele al\u0131namaz?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 176,
                  "text": "Westminster"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572fcc43b2c2fd140056847f",
              "question": "K\u00fcrtaj, uyu\u015fturucu politikas\u0131 gibi sorunlar nerede kanunla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 195,
                  "text": "Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k H\u00fck\u00fcmeti bakanlar\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572fcc43b2c2fd1400568480",
              "question": "Ula\u015f\u0131m g\u00fcvenli\u011finin bir\u00e7ok y\u00f6n\u00fc kim taraf\u0131ndan ele al\u0131n\u0131r?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Avamlar Kamaras\u0131\u2019nda oldu\u011fu gibi, \u0130sko\u00e7 Parlamentosu \u00fcyeli\u011fi i\u00e7in bir dizi \u015fartlar uygulan\u0131r. Bu \u015fartlar, 1975 Avam Kamaras\u0131 Diskalifiye Yasas\u0131 ve 1981 \u0130ngiliz Ulusall\u0131k Yasas\u0131 gere\u011fince y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe sokulmu\u015ftur. \u00d6zellikle, \u00fcyelerin 18 ya\u015f \u00fcst\u00fcnde ve Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k, \u0130rlanda Cumhuriyeti ve \u0130ngiliz Milletler Toplulu\u011fu \u00fclkelerinden birinin vatanda\u015f\u0131, deniza\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bir \u0130ngiliz b\u00f6lgesinin vatanda\u015f\u0131 veya Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k\u2019ta ya\u015fayan bir Avrupa Birli\u011fi vatanda\u015f\u0131 olmas\u0131 gerekir. emniyet ve silahl\u0131 kuvvetler mensuplar\u0131 \u0130sko\u00e7 Parlamentosu\u2019nda g\u00f6rev yapamazlar ve benzer \u015fekilde kamu personelleri ve yabanc\u0131 yasama organlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcyeleri de diskalifiye edilmi\u015flerdir. Ruh Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (Bak\u0131m ve Tedavi) (\u0130sko\u00e7ya) 2003 Yasas\u0131 g\u00f6zetiminde ak\u0131l sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerinde olmayan ki\u015filerin \u0130sko\u00e7ya Parlamentosu\u2019nda yer alamayaca\u011f\u0131 belirlenmi\u015ftir.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 66,
                  "text": "bir dizi \u015fartlar"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572fdb17b2c2fd140056851d",
              "question": "\u0130sko\u00e7 Parlamento \u00fcyesi olman\u0131n Avam Kamaras\u0131 ile payla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortak nokta nedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 147,
                  "text": "1981"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572fdb17b2c2fd140056851e",
              "question": "\u0130ngiliz Ulusall\u0131k Yasas\u0131 ne zaman y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girdi?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 230,
                  "text": "18 ya\u015f \u00fcst\u00fcnde"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572fdb17b2c2fd140056851f",
              "question": "\u0130sko\u00e7 Parlamento \u00fcyesi olmak i\u00e7in ka\u00e7 ya\u015f\u0131nda olmak gereklidir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 471,
                  "text": "emniyet ve silahl\u0131 kuvvetler"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572fdb17b2c2fd1400568520",
              "question": "Hangi kurumlar\u0131n mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n \u0130sko\u00e7 Parlamentosunda, \u0130sko\u00e7 Parlamento \u00fcyeleri olarak g\u00f6rev yapmalar\u0131 engellenmi\u015ftir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 656,
                  "text": "Ruh Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (Bak\u0131m ve Tedavi) (\u0130sko\u00e7ya) 2003 Yasas\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572fdb17b2c2fd1400568521",
              "question": "\u0130sko\u00e7 Parlamentosu\u2019nda g\u00f6rev almak isteyen bireylerin ak\u0131l sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan \u015fartlar\u0131 hangi yasa belirler?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "title": "Scottish_Parliament"
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "context": "\u0130slamc\u0131l\u0131k, yaln\u0131zca \u0130slam i\u00e7in politik bir rol ortaya koydu\u011fu i\u00e7in de\u011fil ayn\u0131 zamanda da destek\u00e7ilerinin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerinin sadece \u0130slam inanc\u0131n\u0131 yans\u0131tt\u0131\u011f\u0131na inand\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 bir kavramd\u0131r ancak bunun aksine, \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n apolitik olmas\u0131 veya apolitik olabilece\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi bir hatad\u0131r. \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n yaln\u0131zca politik bir ideoloji olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na inanan ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar ve g\u00f6zlemciler aras\u0131nda, Fred Halliday, John Esposito ve Javed Ahmat Ghamidi gibi M\u00fcsl\u00fcman entelekt\u00fceller bulunur. Hayri Abaza, \u0130slam ve \u0130slamc\u0131l\u0131k aras\u0131ndaki fark\u0131 ay\u0131rt edememenin, Bat\u0131\u2019daki bir\u00e7ok ki\u015fiyi, dini politikadan ay\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ilerici, \u0131l\u0131ml\u0131 ki\u015filerin aleyhine dar g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fl\u00fc \u0130slamc\u0131 rejimleri desteklemeye itti\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrmektedir.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 32,
                  "text": "politik"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd5",
              "question": "\u0130slamc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n arad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ne t\u00fcr bir rol, \u0130slamc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir \u015fekilde tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 bir kavrama d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmektedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 126,
                  "text": "\u0130slam"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd6",
              "question": "\u0130slamc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n destek\u00e7ileri g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerinin neyi yans\u0131tt\u0131klar\u0131na inanmaktad\u0131rlar?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 90,
                  "text": "destek\u00e7ilerinin"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd7",
              "question": "\u0130slam\u2019\u0131n apolitik olabilece\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi kimler taraf\u0131ndan kabul g\u00f6rmemektedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 639,
                  "text": "dar g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fl\u00fc \u0130slamc\u0131 rejimleri"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd8",
              "question": "\u0130slam ve \u0130slamc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ay\u0131rt edememe Bat\u0131\u2019daki bir\u00e7ok ki\u015fiyi neyi desteklemeye itmi\u015ftir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 570,
                  "text": "dini politikadan ay\u0131rmaya"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd9",
              "question": "\u0130lerici, \u0131l\u0131ml\u0131 \u0130slam neyi ay\u0131rmay\u0131 ama\u00e7lamaktad\u0131r?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Karde\u015fler gibi \u0130slamc\u0131 hareketler \u201c\u015fehir d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki \u00f6\u011frencilere, \u00f6\u011frenci dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k gruplar\u0131na, maliyet bak\u0131m\u0131ndan y\u00fcksek \u00e7eyiz taleplerinden ka\u00e7\u0131nmak i\u00e7in ucuz toplu evlilik t\u00f6renlerinin yap\u0131lmas\u0131, yasal yard\u0131m, spor tesisleri ve kad\u0131n gruplar\u0131na bar\u0131naklar, e\u011fitimsel yard\u0131m, \u00fccretsiz veya d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck tutarl\u0131 medikal klinikleri, konut yard\u0131m\u0131 sunmak konusunda iyi bilinirler.\u201d T\u00fcm bunlar, sosyal adalete ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaln\u0131zca hitabet ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 yetersiz, etkisiz ve umursamaz h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda olduk\u00e7a olumlu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 24,
                  "text": "\u0130slamc\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686ef",
              "question": "M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Karde\u015fler ne t\u00fcr bir harekettir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 449,
                  "text": "yetersiz, etkisiz ve umursamaz"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686f2",
              "question": "M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Karde\u015fler\u2019in kabiliyeti ne t\u00fcr yerel h\u00fck\u00fcmetlere kar\u015f\u0131 olumlu bir durumdad\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 257,
                  "text": "bar\u0131naklar, e\u011fitimsel yard\u0131m, \u00fccretsiz veya d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck tutarl\u0131 medikal klinikleri, konut yard\u0131m\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686f0",
              "question": "M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Karde\u015fler, \u015fehir d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki \u00f6\u011frencilere ettikleri ne t\u00fcr bir yard\u0131mla bilinirler?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 429,
                  "text": "hitabet"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686f3",
              "question": "Yetersiz h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin sosyal adalete ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ne ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 105,
                  "text": "maliyet bak\u0131m\u0131ndan y\u00fcksek \u00e7eyiz taleplerinden ka\u00e7\u0131nmak"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686f1",
              "question": "M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Karde\u015fler neden ucuz toplu evlilik t\u00f6renleri d\u00fczenlemi\u015flerdir?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "\u0130ngiltere ve Almanya\u2019da hukuk ve felsefe okurken, \u0130kbal, T\u00fcm Hindistan M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Birli\u011fi\u2019nin Londra \u015fubesinin bir \u00fcyesi oldu. 1908 y\u0131l\u0131nda Lahor\u2019a geri d\u00f6nd\u00fc. Zaman\u0131n\u0131 hukuk uygulamas\u0131 ve felsefi \u015fiir sanat\u0131na ay\u0131ran \u0130kbal, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Birli\u011fi\u2019nde aktif olmaya devam etti. I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda Hindistan\u2019\u0131n kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 desteklemedi ve Muhammed Ali Jauhar ve Muhammed Ali Cinnah gibi M\u00fcsl\u00fcman siyasi liderlerle yak\u0131n ili\u015fki i\u00e7inde bulundu. \u0130kbal, Ana ak\u0131m Hint milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fi ve laik Hint Ulusal Kongresi\u2019ne muhalifti. \u0130kbal\u2019in yedi \u0130ngilizce dersi Oxford \u00dcniversitesi yay\u0131n\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan 1934 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130slam\u2019da Dini D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin Yeniden Yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir kitap olarak yay\u0131mland\u0131. Bu dersler, modern \u00e7a\u011fda \u0130slam'\u0131n bir din olarak rol\u00fcn\u00fcn yan\u0131 s\u0131ra politik ve yasal bir felsefe \u00fczerinde de durmaktad\u0131r.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 24,
                  "text": "hukuk ve felsefe"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572ffee1947a6a140053cf14",
              "question": "\u0130kbal, \u0130ngiltere ve Almanya\u2019da ne okuyordu?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 57,
                  "text": "T\u00fcm Hindistan M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Birli\u011fi"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572ffee1947a6a140053cf15",
              "question": "\u0130kbal, Londra\u2019da hangi organizasyona kat\u0131ld\u0131?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 440,
                  "text": "Ana ak\u0131m Hint milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fi ve laik Hint Ulusal Kongresi"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572ffee1947a6a140053cf17",
              "question": "\u0130kbal neye kar\u015f\u0131 muhalifti?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 125,
                  "text": "1908"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572ffee1947a6a140053cf16",
              "question": "\u0130kbal hangi y\u0131lda Lahor\u2019a geri d\u00f6nd\u00fc?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 593,
                  "text": "\u0130slam\u2019da Dini D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin Yeniden Yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "572ffee1947a6a140053cf18",
              "question": "\u0130kbal\u2019in yedi \u0130ngilizce dersi hangi kitap olarak yay\u0131mland\u0131?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Sudan, y\u0131llar boyunca Hassan al-Turabi \u00f6nderli\u011finde \u0130slamc\u0131 bir rejimin y\u00f6netimi alt\u0131ndayd\u0131. Hassan al Turabi\u2019nin Ulusal \u0130slami Cephe partisi, diktat\u00f6r General Gaafar al-Nimeiry 1979\u2019da \u00fcyeleri h\u00fck\u00fcmetinde g\u00f6rev yapmaya davet edince ilk n\u00fcfuzunu kazand\u0131. Turabi, \u0130slamc\u0131 bankac\u0131l\u0131k sistemlerinden gelen para ile \u00f6zellikle de Suudi Arabistan ile ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 olan g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir ekonomik temel olu\u015fturdu. Ayr\u0131ca, e\u011fitim bakan\u0131 olarak g\u00f6rev yaparken \u00fcniversiteye ve askeri akademiye kendilerine sempati duyan \u00f6\u011frencileri yerle\u015ftirerek n\u00fcfuzlu bir sad\u0131k kadrosu yeti\u015ftirdi ve olu\u015fturdu.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 52,
                  "text": "\u0130slamc\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57302700a23a5019007fce89",
              "question": "Sudan\u2019da y\u0131llar boyunca ne t\u00fcr bir rejim h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrd\u00fc?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 22,
                  "text": "Hassan al-Turabi"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57302700a23a5019007fce8a",
              "question": "Sudan\u2019daki \u0130slamc\u0131 rejimin lideri kimdi?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 114,
                  "text": "Ulusal \u0130slami Cephe"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57302700a23a5019007fce8b",
              "question": "General Gaafar el-Nimeiry \u00fcyelerine h\u00fck\u00fcmetinde hizmet vermek i\u00e7in hangi organizasyona davet etti?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 263,
                  "text": "\u0130slamc\u0131 bankac\u0131l\u0131k sistemlerinden gelen para ile"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57302700a23a5019007fce8c",
              "question": "Turabi g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir ekonomik temeli nas\u0131l olu\u015fturdu?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 443,
                  "text": "\u00fcniversiteye ve askeri akademiye"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57302700a23a5019007fce8d",
              "question": "Turabi, kendi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerine sempati duyan \u00f6\u011frencileri nereye yerle\u015ftirdi?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "\u00d6nceden \u201cIrak \u015eam \u0130slam Devleti\u201d ve bundan \u00f6nce de \u201cIrak \u0130slam Devleti\u201d olarak bilinen \u201c\u0130slam Devleti\u201d (bir\u00e7ok ki\u015fi taraf\u0131ndan Dae\u015f k\u0131saltmas\u0131 kullan\u0131ld\u0131), Irakl\u0131 ve Suriyeli S\u00fcnni Araplar taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilen ve \u00e7o\u011funlukla onlardan olu\u015fan Vahhabi/Selefi cihat\u00e7\u0131 radikal militan bir gruptur. 2014\u2019te bu grup kendisini d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda t\u00fcm M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar \u00fczerinde dini, siyasi ve askeri otorite sahibi olan bir halifelik olarak ilan etti. Mart 2015[g\u00fcncelleme] itibar\u0131yla, bu grup Irak ve Suriye\u2019de on milyon insan\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir b\u00f6lgeyi kontrol etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131 ve Libya, Nijerya ve Afganistan\u2019\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck b\u00f6lgelerinde ufak bir kontrol sahibiydi. (Kendini ilan eden bir devlet olsa da uluslararas\u0131 bir tan\u0131ma g\u00f6rmedi.) Grup ayr\u0131ca, Kuzey Afrika ve G\u00fcney Asya da dahil olmak \u00fczere d\u00fcnyan\u0131n di\u011fer b\u00f6lgelerinde faaliyet g\u00f6steriyor veya unsurlara sahip durumdad\u0131r. ",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 240,
                  "text": "Vahhabi/Selefi cihat\u00e7\u0131 radikal militan"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689db",
              "question": "\u0130slam Devleti ne t\u00fcr bir gruptur?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 175,
                  "text": "S\u00fcnni Araplar"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689dc",
              "question": "\u0130slam Devleti\u2019nin lideri kimdir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 492,
                  "text": "on milyon"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689de",
              "question": "\u0130slam Devleti Mart 2015 itibar\u0131yla ka\u00e7 ki\u015finin oldu\u011fu bir b\u00f6lgeyi kontrol etti?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 691,
                  "text": "tan\u0131ma"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689df",
              "question": "\u0130slam Devleti uluslararas\u0131 toplumdan ne g\u00f6rmemektedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 400,
                  "text": "bir halifelik"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689dd",
              "question": "\u0130slam Devleti 2014 y\u0131l\u0131nda kendini ne ilan etti?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "title": "Islamism"
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "context": "Londra Kraliyet Co\u011frafya Derne\u011fi ve Avrupa'daki di\u011fer co\u011frafi topluluklar b\u00fcy\u00fck etkiye sahipti ve ke\u015fiflerinin hikayeleriyle geri d\u00f6necek olangezginleri finanse edebildi. Bu topluluklar ayn\u0131 zamanda gezginlerin bu hikayeleri payla\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in bir alan olarak hizmet etti. Almanya'dan Friedrich Ratzel ve \u0130ngiltere'den Halford Mackinder gibi siyasi co\u011frafyac\u0131lar da emperyalizmi desteklediler. Ratzel, bir devletin hayatta kalabilmesi i\u00e7in geni\u015flemenin gerekli oldu\u011funa inan\u0131rken Mackinder, \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin emperyal geni\u015flemesini destekledi; Bu iki arg\u00fcman on y\u0131llarca disipline egemen oldu.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 270,
                  "text": "Almanya'dan"
                }
              ],
              "id": "573088da069b53140083216b",
              "question": "Friedrich Ratzel nerede do\u011fdu?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 302,
                  "text": "\u0130ngiltere'den"
                }
              ],
              "id": "573088da069b53140083216c",
              "question": "Halford Mackinder nerede do\u011fdu? "
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 339,
                  "text": "siyasi"
                }
              ],
              "id": "573088da069b53140083216d",
              "question": "Halford Mackinder ve Friedrich Ratzel ne t\u00fcr co\u011frafyac\u0131lard\u0131? "
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 450,
                  "text": "gerekli"
                }
              ],
              "id": "573088da069b53140083216e",
              "question": "Friedrich Ratzel emperyalizmin \u00fclke i\u00e7in ne oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc? "
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 153,
                  "text": "finanse"
                }
              ],
              "id": "573088da069b53140083216f",
              "question": "Avrupa'daki co\u011frafi topluluklar baz\u0131 gezginleri nas\u0131l destekler?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Oryantalizm, Edward Said taraf\u0131ndan kuramla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u015fekliyle, Bat\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l bir Do\u011fu temsili co\u011frafyas\u0131 geli\u015ftirdi\u011fine at\u0131fta bulunur. Bu temsili co\u011frafya Do\u011funun ne sosyal ger\u00e7ekli\u011fini ne de \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fini yans\u0131tmayan \u00f6zselle\u015ftirici bir s\u00f6yleme yaslan\u0131r. Daha \u00e7ok, Do\u011fu'yu \u00f6zselle\u015ftirerek, bu s\u00f6ylem, Bat\u0131 ''biz'' ve Do\u011fu ''onlar'' veya Bat\u0131 ''buras\u0131'' ve Do\u011fu ''oras\u0131'' aras\u0131nda farkl\u0131l\u0131k ve mesafe yaratmak i\u00e7in konum-temelli kimlikler fikrini kullan\u0131r. Bu farkl\u0131l\u0131k rasyonel ve ilerici Bat\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131t olarak Do\u011fu'yu irrasyonel ve gerici olarak konumland\u0131ran Avrupa'n\u0131n erken d\u00f6nem Do\u011fu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n metinsel ve g\u00f6rsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda \u00f6zellikle belirgindi. Do\u011fuyu ba\u015fl\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131na negatif bir imgelem olarak tan\u0131mlamak, kendisinin ast\u0131 olarak, yaln\u0131zca Bat\u0131'n\u0131n benlik duygusunu art\u0131rmad\u0131, ayr\u0131ca Do\u011fu'ya emretme ve Do\u011fu'nun bask\u0131 alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131 ve kontrol edilmesi i\u00e7in Bat\u0131'ya bilindik hale getirilmesi i\u00e7in bir yoldu. Oryantalizm s\u00f6ylemi dolay\u0131s\u0131yla di\u011fer \u00fclkelerin sosyal, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel, siyasi ve iktisadi y\u00f6netimlerini rasyonalize eden fikirler ve bir bilgi taban\u0131 olu\u015fturdu\u011fu gibi eski Bat\u0131 emperyalizminin ideolojik gerek\u00e7esi olarak hizmet g\u00f6rd\u00fc. ",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 86,
                  "text": "temsili co\u011frafyas\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c580",
              "question": "Oryantalizm Bat\u0131'n\u0131n bir Do\u011fu neyini nas\u0131l geli\u015ftirdi\u011fine at\u0131fta bulunur? "
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 519,
                  "text": "irrasyonel ve gerici"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c581",
              "question": "Do\u011fu'ya at\u0131fta bulunan eski bat\u0131l\u0131 metinler insanlar\u0131 ne olarak tan\u0131mlar? "
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 730,
                  "text": "ast\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c582",
              "question": "Bat\u0131 Do\u011fu'yu ne olarak g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr? "
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 921,
                  "text": "Oryantalizm"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c583",
              "question": "Do\u011fulu \u00fclkelerin kontrol\u00fcn\u00fc hakl\u0131 g\u00f6stermek i\u00e7in Bat\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan ne kullan\u0131l\u0131yordu? "
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 470,
                  "text": "rasyonel ve ilerici"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c584",
              "question": "Bat\u0131 Do\u011fuya nazaran kendini ne olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcyordu? "
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "K\u00fclt\u00fcrel emperyalizm, bir \u00fclkenin sosyal ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u00e7evrelerde etkisinin hissedilmesi, yani yumu\u015fak g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn, di\u011ferinin ahlaki, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve toplumsal d\u00fcnya g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc de\u011fi\u015ftirmesidir. Bu, sadece \"yabanc\u0131\" bir m\u00fczik, televizyon veya filmin gen\u00e7 insanlar aras\u0131nda pop\u00fcler hale gelmesinden daha fazlas\u0131d\u0131r; ancak pop\u00fcler k\u00fclt\u00fcr, tasvir edilen yabanc\u0131 \u00fclkeye daha \u00e7ok benzemek ad\u0131na kendi ya\u015fam beklentilerini ve kendi \u00fclkeleri i\u00e7in duyduklar\u0131 arzuyu de\u011fi\u015ftirmektedir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, So\u011fuk Sava\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131ndaki Dallas operas\u0131ndaki zengin Amerikan ya\u015fam tarzlar\u0131n\u0131n tasvirleri Rumenlerin beklentilerini de\u011fi\u015ftirdi; Daha yeni bir \u00f6rnek ise, ka\u00e7ak G\u00fcney Koreli tiyatro dizilerinin Kuzey Kore'deki etkisi. Yumu\u015fak g\u00fcc\u00fcn \u00f6nemi, b\u00f6ylesi bir n\u00fcfuzla yabanc\u0131 pop\u00fcler k\u00fclt\u00fcr \u00fczerinde yasaklar; internetin, yetkisiz \u00e7anak antenlerin vs. kontrol\u00fc arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla sava\u015fan otoriter rejimlerde kaybedilmemi\u015ftir. Roma emperyalizminin yerel elitlerinin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak daha sonra istekli kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar olmalar\u0131 amac\u0131yla Roma k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn ve ya\u015fam tarz\u0131n\u0131n yararlar\u0131na ve l\u00fckslerine maruz kalacaklard\u0131.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 0,
                  "text": "K\u00fclt\u00fcrel emperyalizm"
                }
              ],
              "id": "573093598ab72b1400f9c5ae",
              "question": "Emperyalizm bir devletin sosyal normlar\u0131n\u0131 etkiledi\u011finde, buna ne denir? "
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 687,
                  "text": "Yumu\u015fak g\u00fcc\u00fcn"
                }
              ],
              "id": "573093598ab72b1400f9c5af",
              "question": "K\u00fclt\u00fcrel Emperyalizm s\u0131k\u00e7a neye at\u0131fta bulunur? "
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 496,
                  "text": "Dallas"
                }
              ],
              "id": "573093598ab72b1400f9c5b0",
              "question": "So\u011fuk sava\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131nda hangi Amerikan \u015fovu Rumenlerin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini de\u011fi\u015ftirdi? "
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 561,
                  "text": "Rumenlerin"
                }
              ],
              "id": "573093598ab72b1400f9c5b1",
              "question": "Hangi tarihi imparatorluk yerel se\u00e7kinleri h\u00fckm\u00fc alt\u0131na almak i\u00e7in k\u00fclt\u00fcrel emperyalizmi kulland\u0131? "
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 760,
                  "text": "yasaklar"
                }
              ],
              "id": "573093598ab72b1400f9c5b2",
              "question": "Rejimler k\u00fclt\u00fcrel emperyalizme kar\u015f\u0131 nas\u0131l sava\u015f\u0131r?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Kapitalizm, aristokrasi ve emperyalizm aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fki, tarih\u00e7iler ve politik teorisyenler aras\u0131nda uzun s\u00fcredir tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu J.A. Hobson (1858-1940), Joseph Schumpeter (1883-1950), Thorstein Veblen (1857-1929) ve Norman Angell (1872-1967) gibi teorisyenlerin \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde yap\u0131ld\u0131. Bu Marksist olmayan yazarlar I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131'ndan \u00f6nce en \u00fcretken iken, sava\u015flar aras\u0131 y\u0131llarda aktif kald\u0131lar. Kombine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, emperyalizm ve Avrupa\u2019ya etkilerini ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, 1950'lerden itibaren ABD\u2019deki askeri-politik kompleksin y\u00fckseli\u015fine dair d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelere katk\u0131dabulundu. Hobson, yerel sosyal reformlar\u0131n uluslararas\u0131 emperyalizm hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ekonomik temelini kald\u0131rarak iyile\u015ftirebilece\u011fini savundu. Hobson, vergilendirme yoluyla devlet m\u00fcdahalesinin daha geni\u015f t\u00fcketimi art\u0131raca\u011f\u0131, zenginlik yaratabilece\u011fi ve bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l, ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fc, \u00e7ok kutuplu bir d\u00fcnya d\u00fczenini te\u015fvik edebilece\u011fi teorisini ortaya koydu.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 12,
                  "text": "aristokrasi"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c600",
              "question": "Baz\u0131lar\u0131 kapitalizm, emperyalizm ve ne aras\u0131nda bir ili\u015fki oldu\u011funu tart\u0131\u015f\u0131yor?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 500,
                  "text": "1950'lerden"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c602",
              "question": "Askeri-politik kompleks ne zaman emperyalizmi anlama kapsam\u0131nda yans\u0131d\u0131? "
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 336,
                  "text": "I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131'ndan \u00f6nce"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c601",
              "question": "Joseph Schumpeter ve Norman Angell'in en \u00fcretken yazma d\u00f6nemleri ne zamand\u0131? "
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 659,
                  "text": "hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c603",
              "question": "Hobson, emperyalizmin uluslararas\u0131 bir ne oldu\u011funu savundu? "
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 671,
                  "text": "ekonomik temelini kald\u0131rarak"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c604",
              "question": "Hobson d\u00fcnyay\u0131 emperyalizmden nas\u0131l kurtarmay\u0131 savundu?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Fransa 1830 y\u0131l\u0131nda Cezayir'in kontrol\u00fcn\u00fc eline ald\u0131 ancak d\u00fcnya genelindeki imparatorlu\u011funun s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 tekrar in\u015fa etmeye ciddi \u015fekilde 1850'den sonra ba\u015flad\u0131; esas olarak Kuzey ve Bat\u0131 Afrika\u2019da, G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya\u2019da, Orta ve Do\u011fu Afrika\u2019da ve G\u00fcney Pasifik\u2019te di\u011fer fetihlerde yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131.Cumhuriyet\u00e7iler, ilk olarak imparatorlu\u011fa d\u00fc\u015fman oldular, ancak Almanya kendi s\u00f6m\u00fcrge imparatorlu\u011funu kurmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda destek oldular. Yeni imparatorluk geli\u015ftik\u00e7e, Fransa ile ticaretin rol\u00fcn\u00fc \u00fcstlendi, hammadde tedarik etti ve \u00fcretti\u011fi \u00fcr\u00fcnleri sat\u0131n ald\u0131, ayr\u0131ca anavatana prestij verdi ve Frans\u0131z uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve dilinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Katolikli\u011fi de yayd\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca her iki D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131nda da \u00f6nemli bir insan g\u00fcc\u00fc sa\u011flad\u0131. ",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 7,
                  "text": "1830 y\u0131l\u0131nda"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf29",
              "question": "Fransa Cezayir'i ne zaman kontrol alt\u0131na ald\u0131? "
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 139,
                  "text": "1850'den"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf2a",
              "question": "Fransa k\u00fcresel imparatorlu\u011funu yeniden in\u015fa etmeye ne zaman ciddi bir \u015fekilde ba\u015flad\u0131? "
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 625,
                  "text": "Katolikli\u011fi"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf2d",
              "question": "Frans\u0131zlar emperyalizmleriyle birlikte hangi dinleri yayd\u0131lar?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 175,
                  "text": "Kuzey ve Bat\u0131 Afrika\u2019da"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf2b",
              "question": "Fransa imparatorlu\u011funu yeniden in\u015fa etme \u00e7abalar\u0131na nerede odakland\u0131? "
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 354,
                  "text": "Almanya kendi s\u00f6m\u00fcrge imparatorlu\u011funu kurmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf2c",
              "question": "Frans\u0131z cumhuriyet\u00e7iler Frans\u0131z imparatorlu\u011funu ne zaman geri kurdular?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "title": "Imperialism"
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "context": "Birle\u015fik Metodist Kilisesi olacak hareket 18. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ortalar\u0131nda \u0130ngiltere Kilisesi i\u00e7inde ba\u015flad\u0131. Oxford \u00dcniversitesi kamp\u00fcs\u00fcnde John Wesley, Charles Wesley ve George Whitefield'in dahil oldu\u011fu k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir grup \u00f6\u011frenci bir araya geldi. \u0130ncil \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, kutsal yaz\u0131 ve kutsal bir ya\u015fam s\u00fcrmeye odakland\u0131lar. Di\u011fer \u00f6\u011frenciler, \"Kutsal Kul\u00fcp\" ve \"Metodistler\" olduklar\u0131n\u0131,\u0130ncil \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda, g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerinde ve disiplinli ya\u015fam tarzlar\u0131nda metodik ve istisnai olarak ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olduklar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyerek alay ettiler. Sonunda, S\u00f6zde Metodistler daha dini bir ya\u015fam s\u00fcrmek isteyen \u0130ngiltere Kilisesi \u00fcyeleri i\u00e7in bireysel topluluklar veya s\u0131n\u0131flar ba\u015flatt\u0131lar.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 42,
                  "text": "18. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ortalar\u0131nda"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57309921396df919000961f6",
              "question": "Birle\u015fik Metodist Kilisesi olacak hareket ne zaman ba\u015flad\u0131?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 67,
                  "text": "\u0130ngiltere Kilisesi i\u00e7inde"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57309921396df919000961f7",
              "question": "Birle\u015fik Metodist Kilisesi olacak hareket nerede ba\u015flad\u0131?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 371,
                  "text": "\u0130ncil \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda, g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerinde ve disiplinli ya\u015fam tarzlar\u0131nda metodik ve istisnai olarak ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olduklar\u0131n\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57309921396df919000961f8",
              "question": "\u00d6\u011frenci grubuna neden \"Metodistler\" denildi?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Ya\u015fam yanl\u0131s\u0131 pozisyonu ile \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015fmi\u015f olan Birle\u015fik Metodist Kilisesi \u00fcyeleri, mezhepler i\u00e7indeki pozisyonlar\u0131n\u0131 daha da ileri g\u00f6t\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in K\u00fcrtaj ve Cinsellik Konusunda Birle\u015fik Metodistlerin(TUMAS) G\u00f6rev G\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc d\u00fczenlediler. May\u0131s 2012'de d\u00fczenlenen Dini Koalisyon Genel konferanslar\u0131nda, alt komite ve komite oylar\u0131yla ge\u00e7en ancak bir kat oyu verilmeyen bir dilek\u00e7e ile, \u00dcreme Se\u00e7imi i\u00e7in Dini Koalisyondan Birle\u015fik Metodist \u00fcyeli\u011fini geri \u00e7ekme giri\u015fimi oldu. K\u00fcrtaj ve Cinsellik \u00dczerine Birle\u015fik Metodistlerin G\u00f6rev Grubu Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Paul T. Stallsworth, ya\u015fam yanl\u0131s\u0131 delegelerin kat oyu kazanaca\u011f\u0131na \"inanmak i\u00e7in her t\u00fcrl\u00fc nedeni oldu\u011funu\" s\u00f6yledi.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 143,
                  "text": "K\u00fcrtaj ve Cinsellik Konusunda Birle\u015fik Metodistlerin(TUMAS) G\u00f6rev G\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5730b2312461fd1900a9cfad",
              "question": "Ya\u015fam yanl\u0131s\u0131 pozisyonu ile tan\u0131mlamak i\u00e7in d\u00fczenlenen g\u00f6rev g\u00fcc\u00fc nedir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 236,
                  "text": "2012'de"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5730b2312461fd1900a9cfae",
              "question": "Hangi y\u0131lda UMC \u00fcyeli\u011fini geri \u00e7ekme giri\u015fimi oldu? "
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 538,
                  "text": "Paul T. Stallsworth"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5730b2312461fd1900a9cfaf",
              "question": "TUMAS ba\u015fkan\u0131 kimdir?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Tarihsel olarak, Metodist Kilisesi miza\u00e7 hareketini desteklemi\u015ftir. John Wesley me\u015fhur vaaz\u0131 ''Para Kullan\u0131m\u0131''nda ve bir alkoli\u011fe mektubunda i\u00e7menin tehlikelerine kar\u015f\u0131 uyard\u0131. Vaktiyle, Metodist ba\u015fkanlar i\u00e7memek \u00fczerine yemin etmek zorunda kald\u0131lar ve kendi cemaatlerini ayn\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 yapmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in cesaretlendirdiler. Bug\u00fcn Birle\u015fik Metodist Kilisesi bunun '' alkolden uzak durma konusundaki uzun s\u00fcredir devam eden deste\u011fimizi Tanr\u0131'n\u0131n insanlara olan \u00f6zg\u00fcrle\u015ftirici ve iyile\u015ftiren sevgisine sad\u0131k bir \u015fahit olarak tasdik etti\u011fini'' belirtiyor. Asl\u0131nda Birle\u015fik Metodist Kilisesi Kutsal Toplanma ayininde fermente olmam\u0131\u015f \u00fcz\u00fcm suyu kullan\u0131yor, b\u00f6ylece '' alkoliklerin toparlanmas\u0131, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n ve gen\u00e7li\u011fin kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131lmak i\u00e7in papazl\u0131\u011fa ait kayg\u0131lar\u0131 dile getiriyor ve kilisenin i\u00e7kiden uzak durma \u015fahitli\u011fini destekliyor. '' Ayr\u0131ca, 2011 ve 2012'de, Birle\u015fik Metodist Kilisesi'nin Kilise ve Toplum Genel Kurulu, t\u00fcm Metodistleri Paskalya Perhizi i\u00e7in alkolden uzak durmaya \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131. ",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 35,
                  "text": "miza\u00e7 hareketini"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5730b2ac2461fd1900a9cfb3",
              "question": "Tarihsel olarak, Metodist Kilisesi hangi hareketi destekledi?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 844,
                  "text": "2011 ve 2012'de"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5730b2ac2461fd1900a9cfb6",
              "question": "UMC'nin Genel Kilise ve Toplum Kurulu, ne zaman b\u00fct\u00fcn Birle\u015fik Metodistleri Paskalya Perhizi i\u00e7in alkolden uzak durmaya \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 95,
                  "text": "Para Kullan\u0131m\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5730b2ac2461fd1900a9cfb4",
              "question": "Wesley'in i\u00e7ki tehlikesine kar\u015f\u0131 uyard\u0131\u011f\u0131 me\u015fhur vaaz\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131 neydi?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 606,
                  "text": "fermente olmam\u0131\u015f \u00fcz\u00fcm suyu"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5730b2ac2461fd1900a9cfb5",
              "question": "Birle\u015fik Metodist Kilisesi, Kutsal Toplulu\u011fun kutsamas\u0131nda ne kullan\u0131r?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Birle\u015fik Metodist Kilisesi, Kutsal Yaz\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6\u011fretisiyle ba\u011fda\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in askerlik \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Bu nedenle, Kilise papazl\u0131\u011f\u0131, b\u00fct\u00fcn sava\u015flara veya herhangi bir sava\u015fa vicdani yolla kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kan ve bu nedenle silahl\u0131 kuvvetlerde hizmet etmeyi reddeden veya askeri sevk sistemleriyle i\u015fbirli\u011fi yapmay\u0131 reddedenleri desteklemekte ve yard\u0131m eli uzatmaktad\u0131r. Bununla birlikte, Birle\u015fik Metodist Kilisesi ayr\u0131ca bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vicdanl\u0131 olarak silahl\u0131 kuvvetlerde hizmet etmeyi veya alternatif hizmeti kabul etmeyi se\u00e7en ki\u015filere de destekler ve geni\u015fletir. Kilise ayn\u0131 zamanda \"Hristiyanlar gibi onlar da ne askeri eylemin ne de eylemsizli\u011fin Tanr\u0131'n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnde her zaman do\u011fru olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n fark\u0131ndalar. \u201d diye belirtti. ",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 73,
                  "text": "askerlik \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131na"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5730b9852461fd1900a9cff9",
              "question": "UMC, Kutsal Yaz\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6\u011fretisiyle uyumsuz olarak neye kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor? "
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 607,
                  "text": "ne askeri eylemin ne de eylemsizli\u011fin"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5730b9852461fd1900a9cffa",
              "question": "Kilise, H\u0131ristiyanlar olarak, Tanr\u0131'n\u0131n huzurunda neyin her iki \u015feklinin de yanl\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funun fark\u0131nda olduklar\u0131n\u0131 belirtiyor? \""
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 143,
                  "text": "sava\u015flara"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5730b9852461fd1900a9cffb",
              "question": "Kilise vicdanen neye kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kanlar\u0131 destekliyor?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "\u0130lk Metodist din adamlar\u0131na, Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri'ndeki Metodistleri \u0130ngiltere Kilisesi'nden ve onun kutsall\u0131klar\u0131ndan izole eden Amerikan Devrimi'nin neden oldu\u011fu kriz nedeniyle \u0130ngiltere Kilisesi rahibi John Wesley taraf\u0131ndan papaz unvan\u0131 verildi. Bug\u00fcn din adamlar\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131, piskoposlar taraf\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fckler ve papaz yard\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131 olarak atanm\u0131\u015f ve \u00e7e\u015fitli bakanl\u0131klarda g\u00f6revlendirilmi\u015f kad\u0131n ve erkekleri i\u00e7eriyor. Birle\u015fik Metodist Kilisesi'ndeki ya\u015fl\u0131lar seyahat eder ve piskoposlar\u0131n\u0131n yetki ve atamas\u0131na tabidir. Genellikle yerel cemaatlerde papaz olarak hizmet ederler. Papaz yard\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131 hizmet bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndad\u0131r ve m\u00fczisyenler, ay\u0131nc\u0131lar, e\u011fitimciler, i\u015f idarecileri olarak ve di\u011fer bir\u00e7ok alanda hizmet verebilir. B\u00fcy\u00fckler ve papaz yard\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131, i\u015fletmeye al\u0131nma ve sonra nihayetinde atanmadan \u00f6nce bir master derecesi (genellikle bir M.Div.) Veya ba\u015fka bir e\u015fde\u011fer derece almak zorundad\u0131r. Tam olarak ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olan B\u00fcy\u00fcklerin her biri Y\u0131ll\u0131k Ya\u015fl\u0131lar Konferans\u0131 D\u00fczeninin bir \u00fcyesidir. Benzer \u015fekilde, tam olarak ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 her bir papaz yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 kendi y\u0131ll\u0131k Ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc Konferans D\u00fczeninin bir \u00fcyesidir.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 212,
                  "text": "John Wesley"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5730d26fb54a4f140068cc94",
              "question": "\u0130lk Metodist din adam\u0131n\u0131 kim atad\u0131?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 555,
                  "text": "papaz"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5730d26fb54a4f140068cc95",
              "question": "Din adamlar\u0131 genellikle yerel cemaatlerde ne olarak hizmet eder?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 953,
                  "text": "Y\u0131ll\u0131k Ya\u015fl\u0131lar Konferans\u0131 D\u00fczeninin"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5730d26fb54a4f140068cc96",
              "question": "Tam ba\u011flant\u0131daki ya\u015fl\u0131lar\u0131n her biri neyin \u00fcyesidir?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 1080,
                  "text": "Ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc Konferans D\u00fczeninin"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5730d26fb54a4f140068cc97",
              "question": "Tam ba\u011flant\u0131da olan her papaz yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 neyin \u00fcyesidir?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "title": "United_Methodist_Church"
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "context": "Avrupa'da, Yedi Y\u0131l Sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n Kuzey Amerika tiyatrosuna genellikle ayr\u0131 bir isim verilmez. B\u00fct\u00fcn uluslararas\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar Yedi Y\u0131l Sava\u015flar\u0131 olarak bilinir. \"Yedi Y\u0131l\", 1756'daki resmi sava\u015f ilan\u0131ndan, 1763'teki bar\u0131\u015f anla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n imzalanmas\u0131na kadar, Avrupa'daki olaylara at\u0131fta bulunuyor. Bu tarihler, iki s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci g\u00fc\u00e7 aras\u0131ndaki sava\u015f\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde, 1754'teki Jumonville Glen Muharebesi'nden 1760'ta Montreal'in ele ge\u00e7irilmesine kadar olan 6 y\u0131lda sonu\u00e7land\u0131\u011f\u0131 anakara Kuzey Amerika'daki sava\u015f ile uyu\u015fmuyor. ",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 168,
                  "text": "1756'daki resmi sava\u015f ilan\u0131ndan, 1763'teki bar\u0131\u015f anla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n imzalanmas\u0131na kadar"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5733d4c8d058e614000b6353",
              "question": "Yedi Y\u0131l Sava\u015f\u0131 hangi zaman dilimini kaps\u0131yor? "
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 445,
                  "text": "6 y\u0131lda"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5733d4c8d058e614000b6354",
              "question": "Yedi Y\u0131l Sava\u015f\u0131'nda \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma ne kadar s\u00fcrd\u00fc? "
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 396,
                  "text": "1760'ta"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5733d4c8d058e614000b6355",
              "question": "Montreal ne zaman ele ge\u00e7irildi? "
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 364,
                  "text": "Jumonville Glen Muharebesi'nden"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5733d4c8d058e614000b6356",
              "question": "1754 y\u0131l\u0131nda ilk sava\u015f neydi?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "\u0130ngiliz yerle\u015fimciler,  kuzeydeki Nova Scotia ve Newfoundland'den g\u00fcneydeki G\u00fcrcistan'a kadar k\u0131tan\u0131n do\u011fu k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131 boyunca yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f yakla\u015f\u0131k 1.5 milyon n\u00fcfusla Frans\u0131zlar\u0131  20'ye 1 olacak \u015fekilde say\u0131ca geride b\u0131rakt\u0131. Eski s\u00f6m\u00fcrgelerin bir\u00e7o\u011fu, il ile ilgili berat verildi\u011fi s\u0131rada k\u0131tan\u0131n kapsam\u0131 bilinmedi\u011fi i\u00e7in keyfi olarak bat\u0131ya kadar uzayan toprak iddialar\u0131na sahipti. N\u00fcfus merkezleri k\u0131y\u0131 boyunca seyrederken, yerle\u015fim yerleri i\u00e7 kesime do\u011fru b\u00fcy\u00fcyordu. 1713'te Fransa'dan ele ge\u00e7irilen Nova Scotia, hala \u00f6nemli derecede Frans\u0131zca konu\u015fan bir n\u00fcfusa sahipti. \u0130ngiltere ayr\u0131ca, Hudson's Bay Company'nin yerel kabilelerle k\u00fcrk ticareti yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Rupert's Land'i de sahiplendi.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 172,
                  "text": "20'ye 1"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5733d68ed058e614000b637f",
              "question": "\u0130ngiliz yerle\u015fimcilerin Frans\u0131zlara oran\u0131 neydi? "
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 24,
                  "text": "kuzeydeki Nova Scotia ve Newfoundland'den g\u00fcneydeki G\u00fcrcistan'a kadar"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5733d68ed058e614000b6380",
              "question": "\u0130ngiliz yerle\u015fimciler nerede ya\u015f\u0131yordu? "
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 107,
                  "text": "k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131 boyunca"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5733d68ed058e614000b6381",
              "question": "Kolonilerde n\u00fcfuslar nerede merkezlenmi\u015ftir?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Washington geri d\u00f6nmeden \u00f6nce bile, Dinwiddie William Trent'in emri alt\u0131ndaki 40 ki\u015filik bir toplulu\u011fu, 1754'\u00fcn ilk aylar\u0131nda etraf\u0131 kaz\u0131klarla \u00e7evrili k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir kalenin in\u015fas\u0131na ba\u015flad\u0131klar\u0131 yere g\u00f6ndermi\u015fti. Vali Duquesne ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde Saint-Pierre'yi rahatlatmak i\u00e7in Claude-Pierre Pecaudy de Contreoeur'un emri alt\u0131nda ek olarak Frans\u0131z kuvvetler g\u00f6nderdi ve Conreoeur 5 Nisan 1754'te 500 ki\u015fiye Fort Venango'dan g\u00fcneye \u00f6nderlik etti. 16 Nisan'da bu kuvvetler kaleye ula\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131nda, Contreoeur Trent'in k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck toplulu\u011funun \u00e7ekilmesine izin verdi. Duquesne Kalesi olan yap\u0131y\u0131 in\u015fa etmeye devam etmek i\u00e7in onlar\u0131n in\u015faat aletlerini sat\u0131n ald\u0131. ",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 78,
                  "text": "40"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5733f1784776f41900661575",
              "question": "Saint-Pierre\u2019i rahatlatmak i\u00e7in Duquesne ka\u00e7 adam g\u00f6nderdi? "
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 104,
                  "text": "1754'\u00fcn"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5733f1784776f41900661576",
              "question": "\u0130ngilizler, William Trent'in emri alt\u0131nda kale in\u015fa etmeye ne zaman ba\u015flad\u0131? "
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 549,
                  "text": "Duquesne Kalesi"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5733f1784776f41900661577",
              "question": "\u0130n\u015fa edilmekte olan kale ne olarak isimlendirildi? "
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Washington Williamsburg'a d\u00f6nd\u00fckten sonra, Dinwiddie, Trent'e \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in ona  daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kuvvete \u00f6nderlik etmesini emretti. Washington yolda iken Trent'in geri \u00e7ekilece\u011fini \u00f6\u011frendi. Tanaghrisson, \u0130ngilizlere destek s\u00f6z\u00fc verdi\u011finden, Washington Duquesne Kalesi'ne do\u011fru devam etti ve Mingo lideri ile bir araya geldi. B\u00f6lgedeki bir Frans\u0131z ke\u015fif partisinin \u00f6\u011frenilmesi \u00fczerine Washington, Tanaghrisson ve partisiyle birlikte, 28 May\u0131s'ta Jumonville Glen Sava\u015f\u0131 olarak bilinen olayda Kanadal\u0131lar\u0131 \u015fa\u015f\u0131rtt\u0131.Tanaghrisson taraf\u0131ndan bir tomahawk ile kafas\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131larak ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bildirilen Kanadal\u0131lar\u0131n birlik komutan\u0131 Joseph Coulon de Jumonville de dahil olmak \u00fczere bir\u00e7ok Kanadal\u0131y\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fcler. Tarih\u00e7i Fred Anderson, Tanaghrisson'un \u0130ngilizlerin deste\u011fini kazanmak ve kendi halk\u0131 \u00fczerindeki otoriteyi yeniden kazanmak i\u00e7in hareket etti\u011fini ileri s\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Uzun ticaret ili\u015fkileri olan Frans\u0131zlar\u0131 destekleme e\u011filimindeydiler. Tanaghrisson'un adamlar\u0131ndan biri Contrecoeur'a Jumonville'in \u0130ngiliz t\u00fcfek ate\u015fiyle \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc s\u00f6yledi.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 454,
                  "text": "28 May\u0131s'ta Jumonville Glen Sava\u015f\u0131 olarak bilinen olayda Kanadal\u0131lar\u0131 \u015fa\u015f\u0131rtt\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5733f309d058e614000b6648",
              "question": "B\u00f6lgedeki bir Frans\u0131z ke\u015fif partisini \u00f6\u011frendikten sonra Washington ne yapt\u0131? "
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 614,
                  "text": "Kanadal\u0131lar\u0131n birlik komutan\u0131 Joseph Coulon de Jumonville de dahil olmak \u00fczere"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5733f309d058e614000b6649",
              "question": "Sava\u015f\u0131n bilan\u00e7osu neydi? "
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 797,
                  "text": "kendi halk\u0131 \u00fczerindeki otoriteyi yeniden kazanmak i\u00e7in hareket etti\u011fini ileri s\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Uzun ticaret ili\u015fkileri olan Frans\u0131zlar\u0131 destekleme e\u011filimindeydiler"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5733f309d058e614000b664a",
              "question": "Tanaghrisson neden \u0130ngilizlerin \u00e7abalar\u0131n\u0131 destekliyordu?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Newcastle onu Ocak 1756'da ikinci amir olarak B\u00fcy\u00fck General James Abercrombie ile, Lord Loudon'la de\u011fi\u015ftirdi. Bu adamlar\u0131n hi\u00e7biri Fransa'n\u0131n Kuzey Amerika'ya g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi \u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc subay kadar sefer deneyimine sahip de\u011fildi. Fransa'n\u0131n d\u00fczenli ordu takviyeleri, hepsi Avusturya Vekalet Sava\u015f\u0131'ndan tecr\u00fcbeli generaller olan Chevalier de Levis ve Colonel Fran\u00e7ois-Charles de Bourlemaque taraf\u0131ndan desteklenen B\u00fcy\u00fck General Louis-Joseph de Montcalm \u00f6nderli\u011findeki Yeni Fransa'ya vard\u0131. Avrupada bu s\u00fcre zarf\u0131nda, 18 May\u0131s 1756'da \u0130ngiltere Fransa'ya sava\u015f ilan etti ki bu sava\u015f\u0131 Avrupa'ya kadar geni\u015fletti, daha sonra Yedi Y\u0131l Sava\u015f\u0131 olarak bilinecekti. ",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 46,
                  "text": "B\u00fcy\u00fck General James Abercrombie"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5733fb7bd058e614000b66ff",
              "question": "1756'da Lord Loudoun'a yard\u0131mc\u0131 amir olarak kim atand\u0131? "
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 403,
                  "text": "B\u00fcy\u00fck General Louis-Joseph de Montcalm"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5733fb7bd058e614000b6700",
              "question": "1756'da Yeni Fransa takviyelerine kim \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck etti? "
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 506,
                  "text": "18 May\u0131s 1756'da"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5733fb7bd058e614000b6701",
              "question": "\u0130ngiltere resmen Fransa'ya ne zaman sava\u015f ilan etti ?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "title": "French_and_Indian_War"
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "context": "Aristoteles, Aristoteles kozmolojisinin ayr\u0131lmaz bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak bir g\u00fc\u00e7 kavram\u0131n\u0131n felsefi bir tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Aristoteles'in g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne g\u00f6re yery\u00fcz\u00fc k\u00fcresi farkl\u0131 ''do\u011fal yerler'' i\u00e7inde hedefine ula\u015f\u0131p duran d\u00f6rt element i\u00e7erir. Aristoteles, d\u00fcnyadaki hareketsiz nesnelerin, \u00e7o\u011funlukla toprak ve su elementlerinden olu\u015fanlar\u0131n, yerdeki do\u011fal yerlerinde olduklar\u0131n\u0131 ve yaln\u0131z b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131rlarsa bu \u015fekilde kalacaklar\u0131na inan\u0131yordu. Nesnelerin ''do\u011fal hareket''e yol a\u00e7an , kendi ''do\u011fal yerlerini'' bulmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6z e\u011filimleri ve devaml\u0131 bir kuvet uygulamas\u0131 gerektiren do\u011fal olmayan veya zorlanm\u0131\u015f hareket aras\u0131nda ayr\u0131m yapt\u0131. Bir arabay\u0131 hareket halinde tutmak i\u00e7in gereken devaml\u0131 kuvvet uygulamas\u0131 gibi nesnelerin nas\u0131l hareket etti\u011fiyle ilgili g\u00fcnl\u00fck deneyime dayanan bu teori, oklar\u0131n u\u00e7u\u015fu gibi, f\u0131rlat\u0131lan cisimlerin davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamakta kuramsal problemlere sahipti. Ok\u00e7unun oku hareket ettirdi\u011fi yer u\u00e7u\u015fun ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131ndayd\u0131 ve ok havada ilerlerken \u00fczerinde fark edilebilir etkili bir sebep rol oynam\u0131yordu. Aristo bu sorunun fark\u0131ndayd\u0131 ve oku hedefine ta\u015f\u0131yan yol boyunca havan\u0131n yer de\u011fi\u015ftirdi\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fc. Bu a\u00e7\u0131klama genel olarak yer de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi i\u00e7in hava benzeri bir s\u00fcrekli ortam gerektirir. ",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 0,
                  "text": "Aristoteles"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e85",
              "question": "Kim felsefi bir g\u00fc\u00e7 tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 yapt\u0131? "
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 13,
                  "text": "Aristoteles kozmolojisinin"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e86",
              "question": "G\u00fc\u00e7 kavram\u0131n\u0131n ayr\u0131lmaz bir par\u00e7as\u0131 neydi? "
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 222,
                  "text": "d\u00f6rt"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e87",
              "question": "Aristoteles karasal k\u00fcrenin ka\u00e7 tane elementten olu\u015ftu\u011funa inan\u0131yordu?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 342,
                  "text": "yerdeki"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e88",
              "question": "Aristoteles, yer ve su unsurlar\u0131 i\u00e7in nerenin do\u011fal yer oldu\u011funa inan\u0131yordu? "
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 580,
                  "text": "do\u011fal olmayan"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e89",
              "question": "Aristoteles zorla hareket ile neye at\u0131fta bulunuyordu?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Kuvvetler i\u00e7in temel teorilerin geli\u015ftirilmesi, apayr\u0131 fikirlerin bir araya gelme \u00e7izgileri boyunca ilerlemi\u015ftir. \u00d6rne\u011fin,Isaac Newton evrensel \u00e7ekim teorisinde D\u00fcnya'n\u0131n y\u00fczeyine d\u00fc\u015fen cisimlerden sorumlu olan kuvveti, g\u00f6k mekani\u011finin y\u00f6r\u00fcngelerinden sorumlu olan kuvvet ile birle\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. Michael Faraday ve James Clerk Maxwell, elektrik ve manyetik kuvvetlerin tutarl\u0131  bir elektromanyetizma teorisi ile birle\u015ftirildi\u011fini g\u00f6sterdi. 20. y\u00fczy\u0131lda, kuantum mekani\u011finin geli\u015fimi, ilk \u00fc\u00e7 temel kuvvetin (yer\u00e7ekimi hari\u00e7), gauge bozonlar\u0131 ad\u0131 verilen sanal par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirerek etkile\u015fime giren maddenin (fermiyonlar) tezah\u00fcrleri oldu\u011fu modern bir anlay\u0131\u015fa g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fc. Bu standart par\u00e7ac\u0131k fizi\u011fi modeli, g\u00fc\u00e7ler aras\u0131nda bir benzerlik oldu\u011funu varsayar ve bilim adamlar\u0131n\u0131n daha sonra g\u00f6zlemle onaylanacak olan zay\u0131f ve elektromanyetik kuvvetlerin elektroweak teorisinde birle\u015fmelerini \u00f6ng\u00f6rmeye y\u00f6nlendirir. Standart modelin tam form\u00fclasyonu hen\u00fcz g\u00f6zlemlenmemi\u015f bir Higgs mekanizmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcyor, ancak n\u00f6trino sal\u0131n\u0131mlar\u0131 gibi g\u00f6zlemler standart modelin eksik oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steriyor. Elektroweak etkile\u015fiminin g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc kuvveti ile birle\u015ftirilmesine izin veren B\u00fcy\u00fck Birle\u015fmi\u015f Teori, fizikteki ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmemi\u015f sorunlardan baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 bar\u0131nd\u0131rmak i\u00e7in \u00f6nerilen s\u00fcpersimetri gibi aday teoriler ile beraber bir olas\u0131l\u0131k olarak ortaya konmu\u015ftur. Fizik\u00e7iler hala d\u00f6rt temel etkile\u015fimin t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc her \u015feyin teorisi ile birle\u015ftirecek olan kendi kendine tutarl\u0131 birle\u015fme modelleri geli\u015ftirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlar. Einstein bu denemede denedi ve ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z oldu, ancak \u015fu anda bu soruyu cevaplamak i\u00e7in en pop\u00fcler yakla\u015f\u0131m sicim teorisidir.:212-219",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 122,
                  "text": "Isaac Newton"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5737821cc3c5551400e51f19",
              "question": "Evrensel \u00e7ekim teorisini kim olu\u015fturdu? "
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 437,
                  "text": "20."
                }
              ],
              "id": "5737821cc3c5551400e51f1a",
              "question": "Kuantum mekani\u011fi hangi y\u00fczy\u0131lda yap\u0131ld\u0131? "
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 1453,
                  "text": "birle\u015fme"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5737821cc3c5551400e51f1b",
              "question": "Fizik\u00e7iler her\u015feyin teorisin yaratacak ne t\u00fcr bir kendi kendine tutarl\u0131 modeller olu\u015fturmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlar? "
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 1431,
                  "text": "kendi kendine tutarl\u0131 birle\u015fme"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5737821cc3c5551400e51f1c",
              "question": "Einstein ne t\u00fcr bir fizik modelini yapmada ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z oldu?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "O zamandan beri ve \u015fimdiye kadar, genel g\u00f6relilik, yer\u00e7ekimini en iyi a\u00e7\u0131klayan teori olarak kabul edildi. GR'de, \u00e7ekim kuvveti bir kuvvet olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmez, aksine, \u00e7ekim kuvveti alanlar\u0131nda serbest\u00e7e hareket eden nesneler, iki uzay-zaman olay\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki en k\u0131sa uzay-zaman yolu olarak tan\u0131mlanan kavisli uzay-zaman boyunca d\u00fcz \u00e7izgiler halinde kendi ataletleri alt\u0131nda hareket ederler. Nesnenin bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan, t\u00fcm hareketler hi\u00e7bir \u015fekilde yer \u00e7ekimi yokmu\u015f gibi ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. Sadece hareketi k\u00fcresel anlamda g\u00f6zlemlerken, uzay-zaman\u0131n e\u011frili\u011finin g\u00f6zlemlenebildi\u011fi ve kuvvetin nesnenin kavisli yolundan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bu nedenle, uzay-zamandaki d\u00fcz \u00e7izgi yolu, uzayda e\u011fri bir \u00e7izgi olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr ve nesnenin balistik y\u00f6r\u00fcngesi olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, yerden at\u0131lan bir basketbol, \u200b\u200bd\u00fczg\u00fcn bir yer\u00e7ekimi alan\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi bir parabolde hareket eder. Uzay-zaman y\u00f6r\u00fcngesi (ekstra ct boyutu eklendi\u011finde) hafif\u00e7e kavisli (birka\u00e7 \u0131\u015f\u0131k y\u0131l\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131n\u0131n e\u011frilik yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 ile) neredeyse d\u00fczbir \u00e7izgidir. Nesnenin de\u011fi\u015fen momentumunun zaman t\u00fcrevi, \"\u00e7ekim kuvveti\" olarak adland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u015feydir.",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 34,
                  "text": "genel g\u00f6relilik"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57378b141c4567190057449f",
              "question": "Hangi teori yer\u00e7ekimini en iyi a\u00e7\u0131klar? "
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 719,
                  "text": "balistik y\u00f6r\u00fcngesi"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57378b141c456719005744a0",
              "question": "Hangi uzay-zaman yolu, uzayda e\u011fri bir \u00e7izgi olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr? "
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 1060,
                  "text": "\u00e7ekim kuvveti"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57378b141c456719005744a1",
              "question": "Bir nesnenin de\u011fi\u015fen momentumunun t\u00fcrevi ne olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r? "
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 495,
                  "text": "k\u00fcresel"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57378b141c456719005744a2",
              "question": "Uzay-zaman e\u011frili\u011fini hangi anlamda g\u00f6zlemlemelisiniz?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Elektrik ak\u0131m\u0131 tan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131, elektrik y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fcn de\u011fi\u015fim zaman\u0131n\u0131n oran\u0131 olarak birle\u015ftirerek, Lorentz Yasas\u0131 adl\u0131 bir vekt\u00f6r \u00e7arpma kural\u0131, manyetik alanda hareket eden bir y\u00fck \u00fczerindeki kuvveti tan\u0131mlar. Elektrik ve manyetizma aras\u0131ndaki ba\u011flant\u0131, y\u00fcke etki eden birle\u015fik bir elektromanyetik kuvvet tan\u0131mlamas\u0131na izin verir. Bu kuvvet, elektrostatik kuvvetin (elektrik alan nedeniyle) ve manyetik kuvvetin (manyetik alan nedeniyle) toplam\u0131 olarak yaz\u0131labilir. Tamamen belirtilmi\u015f, yasa budur: ",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 0,
                  "text": "Elektrik ak\u0131m\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57378c9b1c456719005744a8",
              "question": "Elektrik y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fcn de\u011fi\u015fme zaman oran\u0131 nedir? "
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 259,
                  "text": "birle\u015fik bir elektromanyetik kuvvet"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57378c9b1c456719005744a9",
              "question": "Hangi manyetik ve elektrik g\u00fcc\u00fc bir y\u00fcke etki eder?"
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 88,
                  "text": "Lorentz Yasas\u0131"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57378c9b1c456719005744a7",
              "question": "Manyetik alanda ilerleyen bir y\u00fck\u00fc tan\u0131mlayan yasa nedir? "
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 332,
                  "text": "elektrostatik kuvvetin"
                }
              ],
              "id": "57378c9b1c456719005744aa",
              "question": "Elektrostatik ve manyetik kuvvetin toplam\u0131 olarak yaz\u0131l\u0131 olan nedir?"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "context": "Gerilme tens\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn hesapland\u0131\u011f\u0131 hacim i\u00e7in ilgili kesit alan\u0131 nerededir. Bu bi\u00e7imcilik, enine kesit alan\u0131na normal olarak etki eden kuvvetlerle (bas\u0131n\u00e7 tens\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn matris k\u00f6\u015fegenleri) ilgili bas\u0131n\u00e7 terimlerini ve enine kesit alan\u0131na paralel hareket eden kuvvetlerle (kayma d\u0131\u015f\u0131 elemanlar) ili\u015fkili terimleri i\u00e7erir. Gerilme tens\u00f6r\u00fc, \u00e7ekme gerilmeleri ve kompresyonlar\u0131 da dahil olmak \u00fczere t\u00fcm su\u015flara (deformasyonlara) neden olan kuvvetlerden sorumludur .:133\u2013134:38-1\u201338-11",
          "qas": [
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 315,
                  "text": "Gerilme tens\u00f6r\u00fc"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5737a25ac3c5551400e51f51",
              "question": "Yap\u0131larda zorlanma nedenleri nelerdir? "
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 190,
                  "text": "bas\u0131n\u00e7 terimlerini"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5737a25ac3c5551400e51f52",
              "question": "Bir nesnenin hacmindeki kesit alan\u0131n\u0131 hesaplamak i\u00e7in ne kullan\u0131l\u0131r? "
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 190,
                  "text": "bas\u0131n\u00e7 terimlerini"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5737a25ac3c5551400e51f53",
              "question": "Normal kuvvetlerle ne ili\u015fkilendirilir? "
            },
            {
              "answers": [
                {
                  "answer_start": 76,
                  "text": "bi\u00e7imcilik"
                }
              ],
              "id": "5737a25ac3c5551400e51f54",
              "question": "Hacimdeki alan\u0131 hesaplarken bas\u0131n\u00e7 terimlerini neler i\u00e7erir?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "title": "Force"
    }
  ],
  "version": "1.1"
}