-
Notifications
You must be signed in to change notification settings - Fork 0
/
Copy pathCompDocumentation.txt
46 lines (46 loc) · 5.7 KB
/
CompDocumentation.txt
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
Feature Description Type ComplexityMax Justification
WALS 10A Nasal vowels Paradigmatic 2 One pair of linguemes to establish minimal system
WALS 13A Tone Paradigmatic 3 Three linguemes for minimal system of most complex type
WALS 24A Marking of possessor noun phrases Syntagmatic 2 Double marking possible, adding a degree of complexity
WALS 33A Expression of nominal plural meaning Paradigmatic 4 Syntagmatic and paradigmatic; coded as paradigmatic; two pairs of linguemes for minimal mixed system
WALS 34A Occurrence of nominal plural markers Paradigmatic 5 Two linguemes for singular/plural; two for animate/inanimate; one more for optionality in inanimates
WALS 37A Definite articles Paradigmatic 3 Three lingueme to establish coding and distinction
WALS 38A Indefinite articles Paradigmatic 3 Three lingueme to establish coding and distinction
WALS 39A Inclusive/exclusive distinction in independent personal pronouns Paradigmatic 2 Two linguemes for inclusive/exclusive distinction
WALS 41A Distance contrasts in demonstratives Paradigmatic 5 Five-way contrast maximum coded
WALS 42A Pronominal and adnominal demonstratives Paradigmatic 2 A pair of linguemes to establish distinction
WALS 44A Gender distinctions in personal pronouns Paradigmatic 4 Minimal gender distinction in at least two parts of paradigm
WALS 45A Politeness distinctions in second-person pronouns Paradigmatic 3 Three-way distinction for minimal system of most complex category
WALS 46A Indefinite pronouns Paradigmatic 4 Two pairs of linguemes for a minimal mixed system
WALS 47A Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns Paradigmatic 2 A pair of linguemes to establish coding distinction
WALS 52A Comitatives and instrumentals Paradigmatic 2 A pair of linguemes to establish coding distinction
WALS 53A Ordinal numerals Paradigmatic 6 Three pairs of linguemes; two for suppletion up to two, one for regular pattern after
WALS 54A Adnominal distributive numerals Paradigmatic 3 A pair of linguemes to establish existence; another pair to establish mixed system; subtracting one because since the 'mixed' category includes 'other' type languages
WALS 55A Sortal numeral classifiers Paradigmatic 3 A pair of linguemes to establish distinction, plus one for optionality
WALS 63A Noun phrase conjunction and comitative Paradigmatic 2 A pair of linguemes to establish coding distinction
WALS 64A Nominal and verbal conjunction Paradigmatic 2 A pair of linguemes to establish coding distinction
WALS 71A The prohibitive Paradigmatic 4 One pair of linguemes to establish special imperative; another pair to establish special negative
WALS 79A Suppletion according to tense and aspect Paradigmatic 4 Two pairs of linguemes for suppletive tense and aspect
WALS 81A Order of subject, object, and verb Syntagmatic 1 Following description of WALS feature, no dominant order is usually free word order, meaning maximum complexity is one
WALS 85A Order of adposition and noun phrase Syntagmatic 2 Following description of WALS feature, no dominant order is usually split order, requiring at least two linguemes
WALS 86A Order of possessor and possessum Syntagmatic 2 Following description of WALS feature, no dominant order is usually split order, requiring at least two linguemes
WALS 87A Order of adjective and noun Syntagmatic 1 Following description of WALS feature, it is not clear if no dominant word order is free word order or split word order; thus, conservative maximum complexity is one
WALS 88A Order of demonstrative and noun Syntagmatic 2 Marking on both sides of noun, adding a degree of complexity
WALS 89A Order of cardinal numeral and noun Syntagmatic 1 Following description of WALS feature, it is not clear if no dominant word order is free word order or split word order; thus, conservative maximum complexity is one
WALS 90A Order of relative clause and noun Syntagmatic 2 Doubly headed marking possible as well as other complications, adding a degree of complexity
WALS 91A Order of degree word and adjective Syntagmatic 2 Following description of WALS feature, no dominant order is usually split order, requiring at least two linguemes
WALS 93A Position of interrogative phrases in content questions Syntagmatic 2 A pair of linguemes to establish mixed pattern
WALS 98A Alignment of case marking of full noun phrases Paradigmatic 3 A pair of intransitives, plus a transitive
WALS 99A Alignment of case marking of personal pronouns Paradigmatic 3 A pair of intransitives, plus a transitive
WALS 101A Expression of pronominal subjects Paradigmatic 3 Three linguemes to establish mixed pattern
WALS 105A Ditransitive constructions with `give' Paradigmatic 3 Three linguemes to establish mixed pattern
WALS 106A Reciprocal constructions Paradigmatic 3 A pair of linguemes to establish pronominal distinctions; one more to establish mixed system
WALS 109A Applicative constructions Paradigmatic 4 One pair of linguemes to establish transitive/intransitive distinction; another to establish benefactive/non-benefactive distinction
WALS 112A Negative morpheme types Syntagmatic 2 Double marking possible, adding a degree of complexity
WALS 115A Negation and indefinite pronouns Syntagmatic 3 A pair of linguemes to establish mixed pattern
WALS 116A Polar questions Syntagmatic 2 Mixed marking possible, adding a degree of complexity
WALS 119A Predicative noun phrases and predicative locative phrases Paradigmatic 2 A pair of linguemes to establish coding distinction
WALS 120A Predicative noun phrases Paradigmatic 2 A pair of linguemes to establish optionality
WALS 122A Subject relative clauses Paradigmatic 2 A pair of linguemes to identify pronoun retention strategy
WALS 124A `Want' complement subjects Syntagmatic 2 A pair of linguemes to establish optionality of subject expression
WALS 129A `Hand' and `arm' Paradigmatic 2 One lingueme for each word