diff --git a/pmml-model/src/main/java/org/jpmml/model/visitors/VersionDowngrader.java b/pmml-model/src/main/java/org/jpmml/model/visitors/VersionDowngrader.java
index a29dfdec..10aa74d1 100644
--- a/pmml-model/src/main/java/org/jpmml/model/visitors/VersionDowngrader.java
+++ b/pmml-model/src/main/java/org/jpmml/model/visitors/VersionDowngrader.java
@@ -7,9 +7,18 @@
 import java.lang.reflect.Field;
 import java.util.Objects;
 
+import org.dmg.pmml.Apply;
+import org.dmg.pmml.MiningField;
+import org.dmg.pmml.PMML;
+import org.dmg.pmml.PMMLAttributes;
 import org.dmg.pmml.PMMLObject;
+import org.dmg.pmml.TargetValue;
 import org.dmg.pmml.Version;
+import org.dmg.pmml.VisitorAction;
+import org.dmg.pmml.time_series.TrendExpoSmooth;
 import org.jpmml.model.ReflectionUtil;
+import org.jpmml.model.UnsupportedAttributeException;
+import org.jpmml.model.UnsupportedElementException;
 import org.jpmml.model.annotations.Added;
 import org.jpmml.model.annotations.Optional;
 import org.jpmml.model.annotations.Removed;
@@ -71,4 +80,74 @@ public void handleOptional(PMMLObject object, AnnotatedElement element, Optional
 	@Override
 	public void handleRequired(PMMLObject object, AnnotatedElement element, Required required){
 	}
+
+	@Override
+	public VisitorAction visit(Apply apply){
+		Object defaultValue = apply.getDefaultValue();
+
+		if(defaultValue != null){
+
+			if(this.version.compareTo(Version.PMML_4_1) == 0){
+				Object mapMissingTo = apply.getMapMissingTo();
+
+				if(mapMissingTo != null){
+					throw new UnsupportedAttributeException(apply, PMMLAttributes.APPLY_DEFAULTVALUE, defaultValue);
+				}
+
+				apply
+					.setDefaultValue(null)
+					.setMapMissingTo(defaultValue);
+			}
+		}
+
+		return super.visit(apply);
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public VisitorAction visit(MiningField miningField){
+		MiningField.UsageType usageType = miningField.getUsageType();
+
+		switch(usageType){
+			case TARGET:
+				if(this.version.compareTo(Version.PMML_4_2) < 0){
+					miningField.setUsageType(MiningField.UsageType.PREDICTED);
+				}
+				break;
+			default:
+				break;
+		}
+
+		return super.visit(miningField);
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public VisitorAction visit(PMML pmml){
+		pmml.setVersion(this.version.getVersion());
+
+		return super.visit(pmml);
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public VisitorAction visit(TargetValue targetValue){
+		String displayValue = targetValue.getDisplayValue();
+
+		if(displayValue != null){
+
+			if(this.version.compareTo(Version.PMML_3_2) <= 0){
+				throw new UnsupportedAttributeException(targetValue, PMMLAttributes.TARGETVALUE_DISPLAYVALUE, displayValue);
+			}
+		}
+
+		return super.visit(targetValue);
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public VisitorAction visit(TrendExpoSmooth trendExpoSmooth){
+
+		if(this.version.compareTo(Version.PMML_4_0) == 0){
+			throw new UnsupportedElementException(trendExpoSmooth);
+		}
+
+		return super.visit(trendExpoSmooth);
+	}
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pmml-model/src/test/java/org/jpmml/model/visitors/VersionDowngraderTest.java b/pmml-model/src/test/java/org/jpmml/model/visitors/VersionDowngraderTest.java
index e9d0baf7..e32623dc 100644
--- a/pmml-model/src/test/java/org/jpmml/model/visitors/VersionDowngraderTest.java
+++ b/pmml-model/src/test/java/org/jpmml/model/visitors/VersionDowngraderTest.java
@@ -3,17 +3,24 @@
  */
 package org.jpmml.model.visitors;
 
+import org.dmg.pmml.Apply;
 import org.dmg.pmml.ClusteringModelQuality;
 import org.dmg.pmml.Extension;
 import org.dmg.pmml.Header;
+import org.dmg.pmml.MiningField;
 import org.dmg.pmml.ModelExplanation;
 import org.dmg.pmml.PMML;
+import org.dmg.pmml.PMMLObject;
+import org.dmg.pmml.TargetValue;
 import org.dmg.pmml.Version;
 import org.dmg.pmml.clustering.ClusteringModel;
 import org.dmg.pmml.clustering.PMMLAttributes;
+import org.dmg.pmml.time_series.TrendExpoSmooth;
 import org.jpmml.model.ReflectionUtil;
+import org.jpmml.model.UnsupportedAttributeException;
 import org.junit.Test;
 
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
@@ -23,7 +30,55 @@
 public class VersionDowngraderTest {
 
 	@Test
-	public void downgrade(){
+	public void downgradeApply(){
+		Apply apply = new Apply()
+			.setDefaultValue(0)
+			.setMapMissingTo(null);
+
+		apply = downgrade(apply, Version.PMML_4_2);
+
+		assertEquals(0, apply.getDefaultValue());
+		assertNull(apply.getMapMissingTo());
+
+		apply = downgrade(apply, Version.PMML_4_1);
+
+		assertNull(apply.getDefaultValue());
+		assertEquals(0, apply.getMapMissingTo());
+
+		apply = new Apply()
+			.setDefaultValue(0)
+			.setMapMissingTo(-999);
+
+		apply = downgrade(apply, Version.PMML_4_2);
+
+		assertEquals(0, apply.getDefaultValue());
+		assertEquals(-999, apply.getMapMissingTo());
+
+		try {
+			downgrade(apply, Version.PMML_4_1);
+
+			fail();
+		} catch(UnsupportedAttributeException uae){
+			// Ignored
+		}
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void downgradeMiningField(){
+		MiningField miningField = new MiningField()
+			.setUsageType(MiningField.UsageType.TARGET);
+
+		miningField = downgrade(miningField, Version.PMML_4_2);
+
+		assertEquals(MiningField.UsageType.TARGET, miningField.getUsageType());
+
+		miningField = downgrade(miningField, Version.PMML_4_1);
+
+		assertEquals(MiningField.UsageType.PREDICTED, miningField.getUsageType());
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void downgradePMML(){
 		Extension extension = new Extension();
 
 		ClusteringModelQuality clusteringModelQuality = new ClusteringModelQuality()
@@ -43,37 +98,25 @@ public void downgrade(){
 			.setHeader(header)
 			.addModels(clusteringModel);
 
-		VersionInspector inspector;
-
-		try {
-			inspector = new VersionDowngrader(Version.XPMML);
-
-			fail();
-		} catch(IllegalArgumentException iae){
-			// Ignored
-		}
-
-		inspector = new VersionDowngrader(Version.PMML_4_4);
-		inspector.applyTo(pmml);
+		pmml = downgrade(pmml, Version.PMML_4_4);
 
 		assertTrue(clusteringModelQuality.hasExtensions());
 
-		inspector = new VersionDowngrader(Version.PMML_4_3);
-		inspector.applyTo(pmml);
+		assertEquals("4.4", pmml.getVersion());
+
+		pmml = downgrade(pmml, Version.PMML_4_3);
 
 		assertFalse(clusteringModelQuality.hasExtensions());
 
 		assertNotNull(header.getModelVersion());
 
-		inspector = new VersionDowngrader(Version.PMML_4_1);
-		inspector.applyTo(pmml);
+		pmml = downgrade(pmml, Version.PMML_4_1);
 
 		assertNull(header.getModelVersion());
 
 		assertFalse(clusteringModel.isScorable());
 
-		inspector = new VersionDowngrader(Version.PMML_4_0);
-		inspector.applyTo(pmml);
+		pmml = downgrade(pmml, Version.PMML_4_0);
 
 		assertTrue(clusteringModel.isScorable());
 
@@ -81,9 +124,51 @@ public void downgrade(){
 
 		assertNotNull(clusteringModel.getModelExplanation());
 
-		inspector = new VersionDowngrader(Version.PMML_3_2);
-		inspector.applyTo(pmml);
+		pmml = downgrade(pmml, Version.PMML_3_2);
 
 		assertNull(clusteringModel.getModelExplanation());
+
+		assertEquals("3.2", pmml.getVersion());
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void downgradeTargetValue(){
+		TargetValue targetValue = new TargetValue()
+			.setValue(1)
+			.setDisplayValue("one");
+
+		targetValue = downgrade(targetValue, Version.PMML_4_0);
+
+		assertEquals(1, targetValue.getValue());
+		assertEquals("one", targetValue.getDisplayValue());
+
+		try {
+			downgrade(targetValue, Version.PMML_3_2);
+
+			fail();
+		} catch(UnsupportedAttributeException uae){
+			// Ignored
+		}
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void downgradeTrendExpoSmooth(){
+		TrendExpoSmooth trendExpoSmooth = new TrendExpoSmooth();
+
+		trendExpoSmooth = downgrade(trendExpoSmooth, Version.PMML_4_1);
+
+		try {
+			downgrade(trendExpoSmooth, Version.PMML_4_0);
+		} catch(IllegalArgumentException iae){
+			// Ignored
+		}
+	}
+
+	static
+	private <E extends PMMLObject> E downgrade(E object, Version version){
+		VersionDowngrader inspector = new VersionDowngrader(version);
+		inspector.applyTo(object);
+
+		return object;
 	}
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pmml-model/src/test/java/org/jpmml/model/visitors/VersionStandardizerTest.java b/pmml-model/src/test/java/org/jpmml/model/visitors/VersionStandardizerTest.java
index 204943ac..103070f3 100644
--- a/pmml-model/src/test/java/org/jpmml/model/visitors/VersionStandardizerTest.java
+++ b/pmml-model/src/test/java/org/jpmml/model/visitors/VersionStandardizerTest.java
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 public class VersionStandardizerTest {
 
 	@Test
-	public void standardize(){
+	public void standardizePMML(){
 		PMML pmml = new PMML()
 			.setVersion("4.4")
 			.setBaseVersion("4.3");