diff --git a/docs/books/admin_guide/03-commands.md b/docs/books/admin_guide/03-commands.md index eb1b5d59bf..d8798d7765 100644 --- a/docs/books/admin_guide/03-commands.md +++ b/docs/books/admin_guide/03-commands.md @@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ man 5 passwd will inform him about the files related to the command. -Navigate through the manual with the arrows ↑ and ↓. Exit the manual by pressing the q key. +Navigate through the manual with the arrows `↑`and `↓`. Exit the manual by pressing the `q` key. ### `shutdown` command @@ -252,21 +252,21 @@ To manipulate the history, the following commands entered from the command promp | Keys | Function | | ------------------ | --------------------------------------------------------- | -| !! | Recalls the last command placed. | -| !n | Recalls the command by its number in the list. | -| !string | Recalls the most recent command beginning with the string. | -| ↑ | Navigates through your history working backward in time from the most recent command. | -| ↓ | Navigates through your history working forward in time. | +| `!!` | Recalls the last command placed. | +| `!n` | Recalls the command by its number in the list. | +| `!string` | Recalls the most recent command beginning with the string. | +| `↑` | Navigates through your history working backward in time from the most recent command. | +| `↓` | Navigates through your history working forward in time. | ### Auto-complete Auto-completion is a great help. * Completes commands, entered paths, or file names. -* Press the TAB key to complete the entry in the case of a single solution. -* In the case of multiple solutions, press TAB a second time to see options. +* Press the `TAB` key to complete the entry in the case of a single solution. +* In the case of multiple solutions, press `TAB` a second time to see options. -If double-pressing the TAB key presents no options, then there is no solution to the current completion. +If double-pressing the `TAB` key presents no options, then there is no solution to the current completion. ## Display and Identification @@ -850,7 +850,7 @@ root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash ... ``` -Using the ENTER key, the move is line by line. Using the SPACE key, the move is page by page. `/text` allows you to search for the occurrence in the file. +Using the `ENTER` key, the move is line by line. Using the `SPACE` key, the move is page by page. `/text` allows you to search for the occurrence in the file. ### `less` command @@ -864,14 +864,14 @@ The commands specific to `less` are: | Command | Action | | ----------------- | ----------------------------------------------- | -| h | Help. | -| ↑↓→← | Move up, down a line, or to the right or left. | -| Enter | Move down one line. | -| Space | Move down one page. | -| PgUp and PgDn | Move up or down one page. | -| g and G | Move to the first and last pages | +| `h` | Help. | +| `↑` `↓` `→` `←` | Move up, down a line, or to the right or left. | +| `Enter` | Move down one line. | +| `Space` | Move down one page. | +| `PgUp` and `PgDn` | Move up or down one page. | +| `g` and `G` | Move to the first and last pages | | `/text` | Search for text. | -| q | Quit the `less` command. | +| `q` | Quit the `less` command. | ### `cat` command @@ -971,7 +971,7 @@ tcpdump::x:72:72::/:/sbin/nologin user1:x:500:500:grp1:/home/user1:/bin/bash ``` -With the `-f` option, the change information of the file will always be output unless the user exits the monitoring state with CTRL + C. This option is very frequently used to track log files (the logs) in real time. +With the `-f` option, the change information of the file will always be output unless the user exits the monitoring state with `CTRL` + `C`. This option is very frequently used to track log files (the logs) in real time. Without the `-n` option, the `tail` command displays the last 10 lines of the file. @@ -995,12 +995,12 @@ adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm/:/sbin/nologin | Option | Description | | --------- | ------------------------------------------- | -| `-k` | Specify the columns to be separated. You can specify multiple columns. | +| `-k` | Specify the columns to be separated. You can specify multiple columns. | | `-n` | Requests a numeric sort. | | `-o file` | Saves the sort to the specified file. | -| `-t` | Specify a delimiter, which requires that the contents of the corresponding file must be regularly delimited column contents, otherwise they cannot be sorted properly. | +| `-t` | Specify a delimiter, which requires that the contents of the corresponding file must be regularly delimited column contents, otherwise they cannot be sorted properly. | | `-r` | Reverse the order of the result. Used in conjunction with the `-n` option to sort in order from largest to smallest. | -| `-u` | Remove duplicates after sorting. Equivalent to `sort file | uniq`. | +| `-u` | Remove duplicates after sorting. Equivalent to `sort file uniq`. | The `sort` command sorts the file only on the screen. The file is not modified by the sorting. To save the sort, use the `-o` option or an output redirection `>`. @@ -1394,7 +1394,7 @@ When both output streams are redirected, no information is displayed on the scre A **pipe** is a mechanism allowing you to link the standard output of a first command to the standard input of a second command. -This communication is uni directional and is done with the `|` symbol. The pipe symbol `|` is obtained by pressing the SHIFT + | simultaneously. +This communication is uni directional and is done with the `|` symbol. The pipe symbol `|` is obtained by pressing the `SHIFT` + `|` simultaneously. ![pipe](images/pipe.png) @@ -1596,7 +1596,7 @@ none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (r The `;` character strings the commands. -The commands will all run sequentially in the order of input once the user presses ENTER. +The commands will all run sequentially in the order of input once the user presses `ENTER`. ```bash ls /; cd /home; ls -lia; cd / diff --git a/docs/books/admin_guide/05-vi.md b/docs/books/admin_guide/05-vi.md index 1fb58fd854..869bafef79 100644 --- a/docs/books/admin_guide/05-vi.md +++ b/docs/books/admin_guide/05-vi.md @@ -76,13 +76,13 @@ At startup, VI is in *commands* mode. A line of text is ended by pressing ENTER but if the screen is not wide enough, VI makes automatic line breaks, _wrap_ configuration by default. These line breaks may not be desired, this is the _nowrap_ configuration. -To exit VI, from the Commands mode, press : then type: +To exit VI, from the Commands mode, press `:` then type: * `q` to exit without saving (*quit*); * `w` to save your work (*write*); * `wq` (*write quit*) or `x` (*eXit*) to save and exit. -In command mode, Click the Z key of uppercase status twice in a row to save and exit. +In command mode, Click the `Z` key of uppercase status twice in a row to save and exit. To force the exit without confirmation, you must add *!* to the previous commands. @@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ The third mode, *ex*, is a footer command mode from an old text editor. ### The Command Mode -This is the default mode when VI starts up. To access it from any of the other modes, simply press the ESC key. +This is the default mode when VI starts up. To access it from any of the other modes, simply press the `ESC` key. At this time, all keyboard typing is interpreted as commands and the corresponding actions are executed. These are essentially commands for editing text (copy, paste, undo, ...). @@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ The text is not entered directly into the file but into a buffer zone in the mem This is the file modification mode. To access it, you must first switch to *command* mode, then enter the *ex* command frequently starting with the character `:`. -The command is validated by pressing the ENTER key. +The command is validated by pressing the `ENTER` key. ## Moving the cursor @@ -136,65 +136,65 @@ The cursor is placed under the desired character. * Move one or `n` characters to the left: -←, n←, h or nh + `←`, `n` `←`, `h` or `n` `h` * Move one or `n` characters to the right: -→, n→, l or nl + `→`, `n` `→`, `l` or `n` `l` * Move one or `n` characters up: -↑, n↑, k or nk + `↑`, `n` `↑`, `k` or `n` `k` * Move one or `n` characters down: -↓, n↓, j or nj + `↓`, `n` `↓`, `j` or `n` `j` * Move to the end of the line: -$ or END + `$` or `END` * Move to the beginning of the line: -0 or POS1 + `0` or `POS1` ### From the first character of a word Words are made up of letters or numbers. Punctuation characters and apostrophes separate words. -If the cursor is in the middle of a word w moves to the next word, b moves to the beginning of the word. +If the cursor is in the middle of a word `w` moves to the next word, `b` moves to the beginning of the word. If the line is finished, VI goes automatically to the next line. * Move one or `n` words to the right: -w or nw + `w` or `n` `w` * Move one or `n` words to the left: -b or nb + `b` or `n` `b` ### From any location on a line * Move to last line of text: -G + `G` * Move to line `n`: -nG + `n` `G` * Move to the first line of the screen: -H + `H` * Move to the middle line of the screen: -M + `M` * Move to the last line of the screen: -L + `L` ## Inserting text @@ -210,31 +210,31 @@ VI switches to *insert* mode after entering one of these keys. * Inserting text before a character: -i (*insert*) + `i` (*insert*) * Inserting text after a character: -a (*append*) + `a` (*append*) ### In relation to a line * Inserting text at the beginning of a line: -I + `I` * Inserting text at the end of a line: -A + `A` ### In relation to the text * Inserting text before a line: -O + `O` * Inserting text after a line: -o + `o` ## Characters, words and lines @@ -258,15 +258,15 @@ These operations are done in *command* mode. * Delete one or `n` characters: -x or nx + `x` or `n` `x` * Replace a character with another: -rcharacter + `r` `character` * Replace more than one character with others: -RcharactersESC + `R` `characters` `ESC` !!! Note @@ -276,23 +276,23 @@ These operations are done in *command* mode. * Delete (cut) one or `n` words: -dw or ndw + `d` `w` or `n` `d` `w` * Copy one or `n` words: -yw or nyw + `y` `w` or `n` `y` `w` * Paste a word once or `n` times after the cursor: -p or np + `p` or `n` `p` * Paste a word once or `n` times before the cursor: -P or nP + `P` or `n` `P` * Replace one word: -cw*word*ESC + `c` `w` `*word*` `ESC` !!! Tip @@ -303,91 +303,91 @@ These operations are done in *command* mode. * Delete (cut) one or `n` lines: -dd or ndd + `d` `d` or `n` `d` `d` * Copy one or `n` lines: -yy or nyy + `y` `y` or `n` `y` `y` * Paste what has been copied or deleted once or `n` times after the current line: -p or np + `p` or `n` `p` * Paste what has been copied or deleted once or `n` times before the current line: -P or nP + `P` or `n` `P` * Delete (cut) from the beginning of the line to the cursor: -d0 + `d` `0` * Delete (cut) from the cursor to the end of the line: -d$ + `d` `$` * Copy from the beginning of the line to the cursor: -y0 + `y` `0` * Copy from the cursor to the end of the line: -y$ + `y` `$` * Delete (cut) the text from the current line: -dL or dG + `d` `L` or `d` `G` * Copy the text from the current line: -yL or yG + `y` `L` or `y` `G` ### Cancel an action * Undo the last action: -u + `u` * Undo the actions on the current line: -U + `U` ### Cancel cancellation * Cancel a cancellation -Ctrl+r + `Ctrl+r` ## EX commands -The *Ex* mode allows you to act on the file (saving, layout, options, ...). It is also in *Ex* mode where search and replace commands are entered. The commands are displayed at the bottom of the page and must be validated with the ENTER key. +The *Ex* mode allows you to act on the file (saving, layout, options, ...). It is also in *Ex* mode where search and replace commands are entered. The commands are displayed at the bottom of the page and must be validated with the `ENTER` key. -To switch to *Ex* mode, from *command* mode, type :. +To switch to *Ex* mode, from *command* mode, type `:`. ### File line numbers * Show/hide numbering: -`:set nu` or the longer `:set number` + `:set nu` or the longer `:set number` -`:set nonu` or the longer `:set nonumber` + `:set nonu` or the longer `:set nonumber` ### Search for a string * Search for a string from the cursor: -`/string` + `/string` * Search for a string before the cursor: -`?string` + `?string` * Find the next matching string: -n + `n` * Find the previous matching string: -N + `N` There are wildcards to facilitate the search in VI.