diff --git a/lib/timers.js b/lib/timers.js
index f3c3c6308433eb..e6655c2f527349 100644
--- a/lib/timers.js
+++ b/lib/timers.js
@@ -217,6 +217,17 @@ function TimersList(msecs, unrefed) {
   this.nextTick = false;
 }
 
+function deleteTimersList(list, msecs) {
+  // Either refedLists[msecs] or unrefedLists[msecs] may have been removed and
+  // recreated since the reference to `list` was created. Make sure they're
+  // the same instance of the list before destroying.
+  if (list._unrefed === true && list === unrefedLists[msecs]) {
+    delete unrefedLists[msecs];
+  } else if (list === refedLists[msecs]) {
+    delete refedLists[msecs];
+  }
+}
+
 function listOnTimeout() {
   var list = this._list;
   var msecs = list.msecs;
@@ -288,14 +299,7 @@ function listOnTimeout() {
   debug('%d list empty', msecs);
   assert(L.isEmpty(list));
 
-  // Either refedLists[msecs] or unrefedLists[msecs] may have been removed and
-  // recreated since the reference to `list` was created. Make sure they're
-  // the same instance of the list before destroying.
-  if (list._unrefed === true && list === unrefedLists[msecs]) {
-    delete unrefedLists[msecs];
-  } else if (list === refedLists[msecs]) {
-    delete refedLists[msecs];
-  }
+  deleteTimersList(list, msecs);
 
   // Do not close the underlying handle if its ownership has changed
   // (e.g it was unrefed in its callback).
@@ -329,24 +333,34 @@ function tryOnTimeout(timer, list) {
       }
     }
 
-    if (!threw) return;
+    if (threw) {
+      const { msecs } = list;
+
+      if (L.isEmpty(list)) {
+        deleteTimersList(list, msecs);
 
-    // Postpone all later list events to next tick. We need to do this
-    // so that the events are called in the order they were created.
-    const lists = list._unrefed === true ? unrefedLists : refedLists;
-    for (var key in lists) {
-      if (key > list.msecs) {
-        lists[key].nextTick = true;
+        if (!list._timer.owner)
+          list._timer.close();
+      } else {
+        // Postpone all later list events to next tick. We need to do this
+        // so that the events are called in the order they were created.
+        const lists = list._unrefed === true ? unrefedLists : refedLists;
+        for (var key in lists) {
+          if (key > msecs) {
+            lists[key].nextTick = true;
+          }
+        }
+
+        // We need to continue processing after domain error handling
+        // is complete, but not by using whatever domain was left over
+        // when the timeout threw its exception.
+        const domain = process.domain;
+        process.domain = null;
+        // If we threw, we need to process the rest of the list in nextTick.
+        process.nextTick(listOnTimeoutNT, list);
+        process.domain = domain;
       }
     }
-    // We need to continue processing after domain error handling
-    // is complete, but not by using whatever domain was left over
-    // when the timeout threw its exception.
-    const domain = process.domain;
-    process.domain = null;
-    // If we threw, we need to process the rest of the list in nextTick.
-    process.nextTick(listOnTimeoutNT, list);
-    process.domain = domain;
   }
 }
 
diff --git a/test/parallel/test-timers-throw-reschedule.js b/test/parallel/test-timers-throw-reschedule.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..b804b6effa9c69
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/parallel/test-timers-throw-reschedule.js
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const common = require('../common');
+const assert = require('assert');
+
+// This test checks that throwing inside a setTimeout where that Timeout
+// instance is the only one within its list of timeouts, doesn't cause
+// an issue with an unref timeout scheduled in the error handler.
+// Refs: https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/19970
+
+const timeout = common.platformTimeout(50);
+
+const timer = setTimeout(common.mustNotCall(), 2 ** 31 - 1);
+
+process.once('uncaughtException', common.mustCall((err) => {
+  assert.strictEqual(err.message, 'setTimeout Error');
+
+  const now = Date.now();
+  setTimeout(common.mustCall(() => {
+    assert(Date.now() - now >= timeout);
+    clearTimeout(timer);
+  }), timeout).unref();
+}));
+
+setTimeout(() => {
+  throw new Error('setTimeout Error');
+}, timeout);