answer_keys/answer_keys_2.ipynb

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    "### Answer Keys 2\n",
    "\n",
    "These are possible solutions to the exercises in the second notebook of the workshop. Alternative solutions are possible. \n",
    "\n",
    "You can copy paste the answers in the exercises' cells to see the final result. The code below will _not_ run correctly in this notebook."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "096916d2",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "##### Exercise 1\n",
    "\n",
    "Modify the code to replicate the same plot as above, but this time, use another named color of your choice from the CSS section of [this page](https://matplotlib.org/stable/gallery/color/named_colors.html)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "fd90fbc1",
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   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# The Fundamental Line\n",
    "fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize= (10,8))\n",
    "# Use another color for the plot\n",
    "# I chose the dark side of khaki\n",
    "ax.plot(barack['Year'], barack['Count'], color='darkkhaki')\n",
    "ax.set_title('The Obama Effect')\n",
    "ax.set_xlabel('Year')\n",
    "ax.set_ylabel('Number of newborns named \"Obama\"')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "886f92a8",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "##### Exercise 2\n",
    "\n",
    "Modify the code below so as to reproduce the same plot as the last one, but \n",
    "\n",
    "1. Use a `dashdot` linestyle;\n",
    "2. Use a different marker of your choice from [this list](https://matplotlib.org/stable/api/markers_api.html);\n",
    "3. Increase the markersize to 20;\n",
    "4. Change the color of the markers to any shade of blue"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "57c41394",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# The Fundamental Line\n",
    "fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize= (10,8))\n",
    "# Choose line style and line width\n",
    "ax.plot(barack['Year'], barack['Count'], color=(0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5), linestyle='dashdot', linewidth=1.)\n",
    "# Choose marker, marker size, color\n",
    "ax.plot(barack['Year'], barack['Count'], color=(0,0,1), linestyle='None', marker='v', ms=20)\n",
    "ax.set_title('The Obama Effect')\n",
    "ax.set_xlabel('Year')\n",
    "ax.set_ylabel('Number of newborns named \"Obama\"')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "16990407",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "##### Exercise 3\n",
    "\n",
    "It seems that Obama had some effect on babies' names, but Reagan had no such effect. What about first ladies?\n",
    "\n",
    "In the following cell, I load the name data for \"Michelle\" (Obama) and \"Nancy\" (Reagan)."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "2554f377",
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   "source": [
    "# Load the data directly from the repository on github\n",
    "michelle_data_url = r'https://raw.githubusercontent.com/non87/python-viz-workshop/main/data/michelle.csv?token=AFYWZVHWOEWZFODPYY3A2DDBA4A3K'\n",
    "michelle = pd.read_csv(michelle_data_url)\n",
    "\n",
    "# Load the data directly from the repository on github\n",
    "nancy_data_url = r'https://raw.githubusercontent.com/non87/python-viz-workshop/main/data/nancy.csv?token=AFYWZVHX74DKVDSPE23IMOTBA4A5K'\n",
    "nancy = pd.read_csv(nancy_data_url)"
   ]
  },
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   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "b330adad",
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   "source": [
    "Now, complete the code below to reproduce the same plot we created for the \"Barack\"-\"Ronald\" comparison. That is,\n",
    "\n",
    "1. Create the `Figure` and `Axes`:\n",
    "    1. Create a new `y_lim` variable\n",
    "    2. Create two `Axes` in the same column with the _fundamental line_.\n",
    "    3. Set the `fig.suptitle()` to \"Obama Vs Reagan, First Ladies\"\n",
    "2. \"Michelle\" `Axes:\n",
    "    1. Plot the `michelle` data in the top `Axes`\n",
    "    2. Set the `xlim` and `ylim` of the top `Axes`, **do not** change the scale to log\n",
    "    3. Create a vertical line indicating the beginning of the Obama presidency\n",
    "    4. Change the x label to \"Year\"; change the y label to \"Number of newborns named 'Michelle'\"; change the `Axes` title to \"The Obama Effect\"\n",
    "\n",
    "3. \"Nancy\" `Axes`:\n",
    "    1. Plot the `nancy` data in the bottom `Axes`\n",
    "    2. Set the `xlim` and `ylim` of the top `Axes`, **do not** change the scale to log\n",
    "    3. Create a vertical line indicating the beginning of the Reagan presidency\n",
    "    4. Create a vertical line indicating the end of the Reagan presidency\n",
    "    5. Change the x label to \"Year\"; change the y label to \"Number of newborns named 'Nancy'\"; change the `Axes` title to \"The Reagan Effect\""
   ]
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   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
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    "x_lim = [nancy['Year'].min(), nancy['Year'].max()]\n",
    "span_x = x_lim[1] - x_lim[0]\n",
    "x_lim = [x_lim[0] - (0.05*span_x), x_lim[1] + (0.05*span_x)]\n",
    "# Find the y max with np.max()\n",
    "data_max = np.max([nancy['Count'].max(), michelle['Count'].max()])\n",
    "# Create the new y_lim. \n",
    "# The y should span from 0 to the maximum in the data\n",
    "y_lim = [0, data_max]\n",
    "# Same as above, I expand the span a little\n",
    "span_y = y_lim[1]- y_lim[0]\n",
    "y_lim = [y_lim[0], y_lim[1] + (0.05*span_y)]\n",
    "print(y_lim)\n",
    "print(x_lim)\n",
    "\n",
    "# Re-create points for the vertical lines\n",
    "# Draw the vertical line\n",
    "first_obama_point = (2008, 0.1)\n",
    "second_obama_point = (2008, y_lim[1])\n",
    "first_reagan_point = (1980, 0.1)\n",
    "second_reagan_point = (1980, y_lim[1])\n",
    "third_reagan_point = (1988, 0.1)\n",
    "fourth_reagan_point = (1988, y_lim[1])\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "# The Fundamental Line. \n",
    "# Complete the code\n",
    "fig, ax = plt.subplots(nrows= 2, ncols= 1, figsize= (10,8), gridspec_kw={'hspace':.3})\n",
    "# Set the sup title\n",
    "fig.suptitle(\"Obama Vs Reagan\", fontsize=24)\n",
    "\n",
    "# Obama call as above\n",
    "# Plot the Michelle data \n",
    "ax[0].plot(michelle['Year'], michelle['Count'], color=(0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5), linestyle='dashdot', linewidth=1.)\n",
    "ax[0].plot(michelle['Year'], michelle['Count'], color='black', linestyle='None', marker='.', ms=10)\n",
    "ax[0].set_title('The Obama Effect')\n",
    "ax[0].set_xlabel('Year')\n",
    "# Set x lim and y lim for this Axes\n",
    "ax[0].set_xlim(x_lim)\n",
    "ax[0].set_ylim(y_lim)\n",
    "# Complete the call to draw the line\n",
    "ax[0].axline(first_obama_point, second_obama_point, color='black', linewidth=0.8, linestyle='dotted')\n",
    "# Set the y-axis label\n",
    "ax[0].set_ylabel('Number of newborns named \"Michelle\"')\n",
    "\n",
    "# Plot the Michelle data \n",
    "ax[1].plot(nancy['Year'], nancy['Count'], color=(0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5), linestyle='dashdot', linewidth=1.)\n",
    "ax[1].plot(nancy['Year'], nancy['Count'], color='black', linestyle='None', marker='.', ms=10)\n",
    "ax[1].set_title('The Reagan Effect')\n",
    "ax[1].set_xlabel('Year')\n",
    "# Set x lim and y lim for this Axes\n",
    "ax[1].set_xlim(x_lim)\n",
    "ax[1].set_ylim(y_lim)\n",
    "# Draw the first vertical line\n",
    "ax[1].axline(first_reagan_point, second_reagan_point, color='black', linewidth=0.8, linestyle='dotted')\n",
    "# Draw the second vertical line\n",
    "ax[1].axline(third_reagan_point, fourth_reagan_point, color='black', linewidth=0.8, linestyle='dotted')\n",
    "# Set the y-axis label\n",
    "ax[1].set_ylabel('Number of newborns named \"Nancy\"')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "95a06dcf",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "##### Exercise 4\n",
    "\n",
    "Below, you can find the code to create the same plot for the names \"Michelle\" and \"Nancy\". However, the plot lacks a legend. Complete/modify the code: Add the legend and make sure the two data-lines look different (you may choose colors different from blue and red if you prefer)."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "1081ccf9",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Fix the y minimum to 1 = 10^0\n",
    "y_lim = [1, np.max([michelle['Count'].max(), nancy['Count'].max()])]\n",
    "# Expand the y-span a little\n",
    "span_y = y_lim[1]- y_lim[0]\n",
    "y_lim = [y_lim[0], y_lim[1] + (0.1*span_y)]\n",
    "print(y_lim)\n",
    "\n",
    "# Remake the plot\n",
    "fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize= (10,8))\n",
    "\n",
    "# Add the label to the Michelle data\n",
    "ax.plot(michelle['Year'], michelle['Count'], color=(0, 0, 1, 0.5), linestyle='dashdot', linewidth=1.)\n",
    "ax.plot(michelle['Year'], michelle['Count'], color=(0, 0, 1), linestyle='None', marker='.', ms=10, label='Michelle')\n",
    "\n",
    "# Add the label to the nancy data\n",
    "ax.plot(nancy['Year'], nancy['Count'], color=(1, 0, 0, 0.5), linestyle='dashdot', linewidth=1.)\n",
    "ax.plot(nancy['Year'], nancy['Count'], color=(1,0,0), linestyle='None', marker='.', ms=10, label='Nancy')\n",
    "\n",
    "# Take care of the rest\n",
    "ax.set_title('Obama Vs Reagan, First Ladies')\n",
    "ax.set_xlabel('Year')\n",
    "ax.set_ylabel('Number of newborns named like the president')\n",
    "# Set y limit\n",
    "ax.set_ylim(y_lim)\n",
    "# Vertical lines\n",
    "ax.axline(first_obama_point, second_obama_point, color=(0,0,1), linewidth=0.8, linestyle='dotted')\n",
    "ax.axline(first_reagan_point, second_reagan_point, color=(1,0,0), linewidth=0.8, linestyle='dotted')\n",
    "ax.axline(third_reagan_point, fourth_reagan_point, color=(1,0,0), linewidth=0.8, linestyle='dotted')\n",
    "\n",
    "# Add the legend\n",
    "ax.legend()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "b6ad731c",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "##### Exercise 5\n",
    "\n",
    "We want the two `Rectangle`s above to the plot (and legend) below regarding the \"Michelle\" and \"Nancy\" data. Complete the code below:\n",
    "\n",
    "1. Create (identical) `Rectangle`s as the ones above\n",
    "2. Plot them in the `Axes`"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "9b8e66ae",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Calculate x and y limits for the nancy-michelle data\n",
    "x_lim = [nancy['Year'].min(), nancy['Year'].max()]\n",
    "span_x = x_lim[1] - x_lim[0]\n",
    "x_lim = [x_lim[0] - (0.05*span_x), x_lim[1] + (0.05*span_x)]\n",
    "y_lim = [1, data_max]\n",
    "span_y = y_lim[1]- y_lim[0]\n",
    "y_lim = [y_lim[0], y_lim[1] + (0.1*span_y)]\n",
    "\n",
    "# Remake the plot with the new data\n",
    "fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize= (10,8))\n",
    "ax.plot(michelle['Year'], michelle['Count'], color=(0, 0, 1, 0.5), linestyle='dashdot', linewidth=1.)\n",
    "ax.plot(michelle['Year'], michelle['Count'], color=(0, 0, 1), linestyle='None', marker='.', ms=10, label='Michelle')\n",
    "ax.plot(nancy['Year'], nancy['Count'], color=(1, 0, 0, 0.5), linestyle='dashdot', linewidth=1.)\n",
    "ax.plot(nancy['Year'], nancy['Count'], color=(1,0,0), linestyle='None', marker='.', ms=10, label='Nancy')\n",
    "ax.set_title('Obama Vs Reagan, First Ladies')\n",
    "ax.set_xlabel('Year')\n",
    "ax.set_ylabel('Number of newborns named like the president')\n",
    "ax.set_ylim(y_lim)\n",
    "ax.set_xlim(x_lim)\n",
    "\n",
    "# Complete the code:\n",
    "# Create new (but identical) Obama rectangle for the plot\n",
    "rect_obama = patches.Rectangle(first_obama_point, 15, y_lim[1], color=(0,0,1,0.2), label='Obama Presidency')\n",
    "# Create new (identical) Reagan rectangle for the plot\n",
    "rect_reagan = patches.Rectangle(xy=first_reagan_point, width=8, height=y_lim[1], color=(1,0,0,0.2), \n",
    "                                label='Reagan Presidency')\n",
    "\n",
    "# Complete the code:\n",
    "# Add Obama rectangle\n",
    "ax.add_patch(rect_obama)\n",
    "# Add Reagan Rectangle\n",
    "ax.add_patch(rect_reagan)\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "# Now the legend is easy to get\n",
    "ax.legend()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "46990256",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "##### Exercise 6\n",
    "\n",
    "Replicate the \"Michelle\", \"Nancy\" plot with a new style of your choice. You can see the available styles with `print(plt.style.available)`"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "e5e4864d",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Calculate x and y limits for the nancy-michelle data\n",
    "y_lim = [1, data_max]\n",
    "span_y = y_lim[1]- y_lim[0]\n",
    "y_lim = [y_lim[0], y_lim[1] + (0.1*span_y)]\n",
    "x_lim = [nancy['Year'].min(), nancy['Year'].max()]\n",
    "span_x = x_lim[1] - x_lim[0]\n",
    "x_lim = [x_lim[0] - (0.05*span_x), x_lim[1] + (0.05*span_x)]\n",
    "\n",
    "# Change style!\n",
    "plt.style.use('Solarize_Light2')\n",
    "\n",
    "# Replicate the same plot with same data\n",
    "fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize= (10,8))\n",
    "# Plot data\n",
    "ax.plot(michelle['Year'], michelle['Count'], color=(0, 0, 1, 0.5), linestyle='dashdot', linewidth=1.)\n",
    "ax.plot(michelle['Year'], michelle['Count'], color=(0, 0, 1), linestyle='None', marker='.', ms=10, label='Barack')\n",
    "ax.plot(nancy['Year'], nancy['Count'], color=(1, 0, 0, 0.5), linestyle='dashdot', linewidth=1.)\n",
    "ax.plot(nancy['Year'], nancy['Count'], color=(1,0,0), linestyle='None', marker='.', ms=10, label='Ronald')\n",
    "# spand and labels\n",
    "ax.set_title('Obama Vs Reagan')\n",
    "ax.set_xlabel('Year')\n",
    "ax.set_ylabel('Number of newborns named like the president')\n",
    "ax.set_ylim(y_lim)\n",
    "ax.set_xlim(x_lim)\n",
    "# rectangles\n",
    "rect_reagan = patches.Rectangle(xy=first_reagan_point, width=8, height=y_lim[1], color=(1,0,0,0.2), \n",
    "                                label='Reagan Presidency')\n",
    "rect_obama = patches.Rectangle(first_obama_point, 15, y_lim[1], color=(0,0,1,0.2), label='Obama Presidency')\n",
    "ax.add_patch(rect_reagan)\n",
    "ax.add_patch(rect_obama)\n",
    "# Legend\n",
    "ax.legend()"
   ]
  }
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