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Overview

This benchmarks the impact of removing the unnecessary credential providers (like SSO) from credential-provider-node in a Lambda function minified and tree-shaken with esbuild. Removing SSO reduces coldstarts by 39 ms and filesize by 43.7 KB. Compared to using the on disk versions removing SSO reduces coldstarts by 335 ms.

With 3.454 / Node 18.x

@initDuration hasSSO minifiedSize (KB)
242.89 yes 174.8164
203.32 no 131.1631
538.29 yes from disk 140.7314

With 3.499 / Node 20.x (1/25/2024)

Removing SSO reduces coldstarts by 27 ms and filesize by 61 KB. Compared to using the on disk versions removing SSO reduces coldstarts by 312 ms. What's strange about this is I would expect the yes from disk to have the same coldstart as the yes case. If lazy loading is working correctly, it shouldn't be loading any of the SSO packages from disk, but it is still taking longer.

@initDuration hasSSO minifiedSize (KB)
204.67 yes 196.5332
177.73 no 135.3945
489.65 yes from disk 148.5938

With 3.502 / Node 20.x (1/29/2024)

The default provider bundled with the SSO packages marked as external cold start time is now on par with the patched provider with only fromEnv. More packages can probably be marked as external with the default provider because the patched package results in a 43KB smaller bundle. That likely means in the patched package things like IMDS are omitted via tree shaking. The default provider bundled with SSO and no packages marked as external results in a 28 ms increase in cold start time and a 92KB increase in bundle size.

@initDuration hasSSO minifiedSize (KB)
226.35 yes 215.5693
192.63 no 123.7324
190.95 yes from disk 166.6426

Setup

npm install

Code

All the code does is instantiate an STS client and call getCallerIdentity. Using any AWS client pulls in the SSO packages unless you patch the credentials-provider-node package. When you patch the package, it replaces the defaultProvider with the following code.

import {
  chain,
  CredentialsProviderError,
  memoize,
} from '@smithy/property-provider';
export const defaultProvider = (init = {}) =>
  memoize(
    chain(
      async () => {
        init.logger?.debug(
          '@aws-sdk/credential-provider-node',
          'defaultProvider::fromEnv'
        );
        const { fromEnv } = await import('@aws-sdk/credential-provider-env');
        return fromEnv(init)();
      },
      async () => {
        throw new CredentialsProviderError(
          'Could not load credentials from any providers',
          false
        );
      }
    ),
    credentialsTreatedAsExpired,
    credentialsWillNeedRefresh
  );
export const credentialsWillNeedRefresh = (credentials) =>
  credentials?.expiration !== undefined;
export const credentialsTreatedAsExpired = (credentials) =>
  credentials?.expiration !== undefined &&
  credentials.expiration.getTime() - Date.now() < 300000;

This removes the unnecessary SSO provider and others from the credentials provider chain so these packages aren't included in the bundle and can be tree-shaken out.

Running a coldstart

If you've never run cdk before, run cdk bootstrap first. This is only necessary to run once.

cdk bootstrap

Then run the following to deploy the stack.

cdk synth
cdk deploy

To invoke, hit the url in the output.

Toggling SSO

If you've never done anything, SSO will be enabled.

Removing SSO

To remove SSO, run the following command.

npm run removeSSO

Then follow the instructions for Running a coldstart above

Reenabling SSO

To re-enable SSO, run the following command.

npm run addSSO

Then follow the instructions for Running a coldstart above

Loading SSO from disk

With SSO enabled, modify externalModules in the cdk stack to:

externalModules: [
  '@aws-sdk/client-sso',
  '@aws-sdk/client-sso-oidc',
  '@aws-sdk/credential-provider-ini',
  '@aws-sdk/credential-provider-process',
  '@aws-sdk/credential-provider-sso',
  '@aws-sdk/credential-provider-web-identity',
  '@aws-sdk/token-providers',
];

This will exclude those packages from the bundle and load them from disk.

Then follow the instructions for Running a coldstart above

Seeing the results

To see the results, run the following CloudWatch Insights query on the LogGroup: /aws/lambda/ColdstartBenchmark.

filter ispresent(requestId) or ispresent(@requestId) |
parse @logStream '[*]' as @lambdaVersion |
stats max(@initDuration), max(hasSSO) as SSO, max(fileSize) as minifiedSize by @lambdaVersion

Or if you're logged in to the console use this link, change your region in the dropdown and click Run query: CloudWatch

Running locally

This requires the AWS SAM CLI and Docker.

There isn't much reason to run locally unless you are modifying the benchmark code.


sam local invoke -t ./cdk.out/ColdstartBenchmarkStack.template.json ColdstartBenchmark

Tearing down the stack


cdk destroy