diff --git a/changelog/new_rails_assert_not_predicate.md b/changelog/new_rails_assert_not_predicate.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e0e9350d31
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog/new_rails_assert_not_predicate.md
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+* [#1155](https://github.com/rubocop/rubocop-rails/issues/1155): Add new `Rails/AssertNotPredicate` to convert `assert_not(obj.foo?)` into `assert_not_predicate(obj, :foo?)`. ([@earlopain][])
diff --git a/config/default.yml b/config/default.yml
index 37291c46bf..d794d950fe 100644
--- a/config/default.yml
+++ b/config/default.yml
@@ -227,6 +227,13 @@ Rails/AssertNot:
   Include:
     - '**/test/**/*'
 
+Rails/AssertNotPredicate:
+  Description: 'Prefer `assert_not_predicate` instead of `assert_not` with predicate method.'
+  Enabled: pending
+  VersionAdded: '<<next>>'
+  Include:
+    - '**/test/**/*'
+
 Rails/AttributeDefaultBlockValue:
   Description: 'Pass method call in block for attribute option `default`.'
   Enabled: pending
diff --git a/lib/rubocop/cop/rails/assert_not_predicate.rb b/lib/rubocop/cop/rails/assert_not_predicate.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b981a16757
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rubocop/cop/rails/assert_not_predicate.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+module RuboCop
+  module Cop
+    module Rails
+      # Prefer assert_not_predicate(obj, :foo?) over assert_not(obj.foo?)
+      #
+      # @example
+      #   # bad
+      #   assert_not(obj.one?)
+      #   assert_not(obj.one?, 'message')
+      #
+      #   # good
+      #   assert_not_predicate(obj, :one?)
+      #   assert_not_predicate(obj, :one?, 'message')
+      #
+      class AssertNotPredicate < Base
+        # NOTE: Code lifted from rubocop-minitest `PredicateAssertionHandleable`
+        extend AutoCorrector
+
+        MSG = 'Prefer using `%<assertion_type>s_predicate(%<new_arguments>s)`.'
+        RESTRICT_ON_SEND = [:assert_not].freeze
+
+        def assertion_type
+          :assert_not
+        end
+
+        def on_send(node)
+          return unless node.first_argument
+          return if node.first_argument.block_type? || node.first_argument.numblock_type?
+          return unless predicate_method?(node.first_argument)
+          return unless node.first_argument.arguments.count.zero?
+
+          add_offense(node, message: offense_message(node.arguments)) do |corrector|
+            autocorrect(corrector, node, node.arguments)
+          end
+        end
+
+        def autocorrect(corrector, node, arguments)
+          corrector.replace(node.loc.selector, "#{assertion_type}_predicate")
+
+          new_arguments = new_arguments(arguments).join(', ')
+
+          corrector.replace(node.first_argument, new_arguments)
+        end
+
+        private
+
+        def predicate_method?(first_argument)
+          first_argument.respond_to?(:predicate_method?) && first_argument.predicate_method?
+        end
+
+        def offense_message(arguments)
+          message_argument = arguments.last if arguments.first != arguments.last
+
+          new_arguments = [new_arguments(arguments), message_argument&.source].flatten.compact.join(', ')
+
+          format(MSG, assertion_type: assertion_type, new_arguments: new_arguments)
+        end
+
+        def new_arguments(arguments)
+          receiver = correct_receiver(arguments.first.receiver)
+          method_name = arguments.first.method_name
+
+          [receiver, ":#{method_name}"]
+        end
+
+        def correct_receiver(receiver)
+          receiver ? receiver.source : 'self'
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/lib/rubocop/cop/rails_cops.rb b/lib/rubocop/cop/rails_cops.rb
index 0d92ff4ca5..121513a0fb 100644
--- a/lib/rubocop/cop/rails_cops.rb
+++ b/lib/rubocop/cop/rails_cops.rb
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 require_relative 'rails/application_record'
 require_relative 'rails/arel_star'
 require_relative 'rails/assert_not'
+require_relative 'rails/assert_not_predicate'
 require_relative 'rails/attribute_default_block_value'
 require_relative 'rails/belongs_to'
 require_relative 'rails/blank'
diff --git a/spec/rubocop/cop/rails/assert_not_predicate_spec.rb b/spec/rubocop/cop/rails/assert_not_predicate_spec.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1721dee8b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spec/rubocop/cop/rails/assert_not_predicate_spec.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+RSpec.describe RuboCop::Cop::Rails::AssertNotPredicate, :config do
+  it 'registers an offense when using assert_not with predicate method' do
+    expect_offense(<<~RUBY)
+      assert_not(obj.one?)
+      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Prefer using `assert_not_predicate(obj, :one?)`.
+    RUBY
+
+    expect_correction(<<~RUBY)
+      assert_not_predicate(obj, :one?)
+    RUBY
+  end
+
+  it 'registers an offense when using assert_not with predicate method and message' do
+    expect_offense(<<~RUBY)
+      assert_not(obj.one?, 'message')
+      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Prefer using `assert_not_predicate(obj, :one?, 'message')`.
+    RUBY
+
+    expect_correction(<<~RUBY)
+      assert_not_predicate(obj, :one?, 'message')
+    RUBY
+  end
+
+  it 'registers an offense when using assert_not with predicate method and heredoc message' do
+    expect_offense(<<~RUBY)
+      assert_not(obj.one?, <<~MESSAGE)
+      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Prefer using `assert_not_predicate(obj, :one?, <<~MESSAGE)`.
+        message
+      MESSAGE
+    RUBY
+
+    expect_correction(<<~RUBY)
+      assert_not_predicate(obj, :one?, <<~MESSAGE)
+        message
+      MESSAGE
+    RUBY
+  end
+
+  it 'registers and offense when using assert_not with receiver omitted predicate method' do
+    expect_offense(<<~RUBY)
+      assert_not(one?)
+      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Prefer using `assert_not_predicate(self, :one?)`.
+    RUBY
+
+    expect_correction(<<~RUBY)
+      assert_not_predicate(self, :one?)
+    RUBY
+  end
+
+  it 'registers no offense when using assert_not_predicate method' do
+    expect_no_offenses(<<~RUBY)
+      assert_not_predicate(obj, :one?)
+    RUBY
+  end
+
+  it 'registers no offense when using assert_not with non predicate method' do
+    expect_no_offenses(<<~RUBY)
+      assert_not(obj.do_something)
+    RUBY
+  end
+
+  it 'registers no offense when using assert_not with local variable' do
+    expect_no_offenses(<<~RUBY)
+      obj = create_obj
+      assert_not(obj)
+    RUBY
+  end
+
+  it 'registers no offense when using assert_not_predicate with predicate method and arguments' do
+    expect_no_offenses(<<~RUBY)
+      assert_not(obj.foo?(arg))
+    RUBY
+  end
+
+  it 'registers no offense when using assert_not with predicate method and numbered arguments' do
+    expect_no_offenses(<<~RUBY)
+      assert_not([1, 2, 3].any? { some_filter_function _1 })
+    RUBY
+  end
+
+  it 'raises no error when using assert_not with block' do
+    expect_no_offenses(<<~RUBY)
+      assert_not { false }
+    RUBY
+  end
+end