diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index d70a6b4fb93..8fa8ac98350 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "cargo"
-version = "0.78.0"
+version = "0.78.1"
 dependencies = [
  "annotate-snippets",
  "anstream",
diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index 1d7cc8509b7..ce6513c01de 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ self_named_module_files = "warn"
 
 [package]
 name = "cargo"
-version = "0.78.0"
+version = "0.78.1"
 edition.workspace = true
 license.workspace = true
 rust-version = "1.75.0"  # MSRV:1
diff --git a/src/cargo/ops/cargo_compile/mod.rs b/src/cargo/ops/cargo_compile/mod.rs
index 04ebe7db1e4..43c4935c665 100644
--- a/src/cargo/ops/cargo_compile/mod.rs
+++ b/src/cargo/ops/cargo_compile/mod.rs
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@
 //! [`drain_the_queue`]: crate::core::compiler::job_queue
 //! ["Cargo Target"]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/cargo/reference/cargo-targets.html
 
+use cargo_platform::Cfg;
 use std::collections::{HashMap, HashSet};
 use std::hash::{Hash, Hasher};
 use std::sync::Arc;
@@ -443,6 +444,7 @@ pub fn create_bcx<'a, 'cfg>(
             &units,
             &scrape_units,
             host_kind_requested.then_some(explicit_host_kind),
+            &target_data,
         );
     }
 
@@ -574,6 +576,7 @@ fn rebuild_unit_graph_shared(
     roots: &[Unit],
     scrape_units: &[Unit],
     to_host: Option<CompileKind>,
+    target_data: &RustcTargetData<'_>,
 ) -> (Vec<Unit>, Vec<Unit>, UnitGraph) {
     let mut result = UnitGraph::new();
     // Map of the old unit to the new unit, used to avoid recursing into units
@@ -590,6 +593,7 @@ fn rebuild_unit_graph_shared(
                 root,
                 false,
                 to_host,
+                target_data,
             )
         })
         .collect();
@@ -616,6 +620,7 @@ fn traverse_and_share(
     unit: &Unit,
     unit_is_for_host: bool,
     to_host: Option<CompileKind>,
+    target_data: &RustcTargetData<'_>,
 ) -> Unit {
     if let Some(new_unit) = memo.get(unit) {
         // Already computed, no need to recompute.
@@ -633,6 +638,7 @@ fn traverse_and_share(
                 &dep.unit,
                 dep.unit_for.is_for_host(),
                 to_host,
+                target_data,
             );
             new_dep_unit.hash(&mut dep_hash);
             UnitDep {
@@ -656,8 +662,13 @@ fn traverse_and_share(
         _ => unit.kind,
     };
 
+    let cfg = target_data.cfg(unit.kind);
+    let is_target_windows_msvc = cfg.contains(&Cfg::Name("windows".to_string()))
+        && cfg.contains(&Cfg::KeyPair("target_env".to_string(), "msvc".to_string()));
     let mut profile = unit.profile.clone();
-    if profile.strip.is_deferred() {
+    // For MSVC, rustc currently treats -Cstrip=debuginfo same as -Cstrip=symbols, which causes
+    // this optimization to also remove symbols and thus break backtraces.
+    if profile.strip.is_deferred() && !is_target_windows_msvc {
         // If strip was not manually set, and all dependencies of this unit together
         // with this unit have debuginfo turned off, we enable debuginfo stripping.
         // This will remove pre-existing debug symbols coming from the standard library.
diff --git a/tests/testsuite/profiles.rs b/tests/testsuite/profiles.rs
index 20368ff3e8f..ee4adadbfe1 100644
--- a/tests/testsuite/profiles.rs
+++ b/tests/testsuite/profiles.rs
@@ -611,7 +611,9 @@ fn strip_accepts_false_to_disable_strip() {
         .run();
 }
 
+// Temporarily disabled on Windows due to https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/122857
 #[cargo_test]
+#[cfg(not(windows))]
 fn strip_debuginfo_in_release() {
     let p = project()
         .file(
@@ -630,7 +632,32 @@ fn strip_debuginfo_in_release() {
         .run();
 }
 
+// Using -Cstrip=debuginfo in release mode by default is temporarily disabled on Windows due to
+// https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/122857
 #[cargo_test]
+#[cfg(all(target_os = "windows", target_env = "msvc"))]
+fn do_not_strip_debuginfo_in_release_on_windows() {
+    let p = project()
+        .file(
+            "Cargo.toml",
+            r#"
+                [package]
+                name = "foo"
+                version = "0.1.0"
+                edition = "2015"
+            "#,
+        )
+        .file("src/main.rs", "fn main() {}")
+        .build();
+
+    p.cargo("build --release -v")
+        .with_stderr_does_not_contain("[..]strip=debuginfo[..]")
+        .run();
+}
+
+// Temporarily disabled on Windows due to https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/122857
+#[cargo_test]
+#[cfg(not(windows))]
 fn strip_debuginfo_without_debug() {
     let p = project()
         .file(
diff --git a/tests/testsuite/run.rs b/tests/testsuite/run.rs
index 8d983b2e02c..33595767cbe 100644
--- a/tests/testsuite/run.rs
+++ b/tests/testsuite/run.rs
@@ -735,7 +735,9 @@ fn one_bin_multiple_examples() {
         .run();
 }
 
+// Temporarily disabled on Windows due to https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/122857
 #[cargo_test]
+#[cfg(not(windows))]
 fn example_with_release_flag() {
     let p = project()
         .file(