improvement: Cache platform bridge jobs artifacts #3251

Job	Run time
Formatting	23s
Test platform bridges (ubuntu-latest)	9m 10s
Publish binaries for ${{ matrix.os }}	0s
Test platform bridges (windows-latest)	17m 7s
Test ubuntu-latest -- 22.3.0	13m 28s
Build integrations tests (ubuntu-latest)	5m 2s
Test platform bridges (macOS-12)	17m 12s
Build integrations tests (macOS-12)	7m 36s
Test platform bridges (macOS-14)	12m 40s
Test ubuntu-latest -- 17	13m 27s
Test windows-latest -- 22.3.0	17m 12s
Test windows-latest -- 17	17m 29s
Test macOS-12 -- 22.3.0	19m 13s
Test macOS-12 -- 17	17m 15s
Test macOS-14 -- 22.3.0	15m 23s
Test macOS-14 -- 17	12m 45s
Release version on ${{ matrix.os }}	0s
	3h 15m 22s

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