diff --git a/src/Framework/TestCase.php b/src/Framework/TestCase.php
index 8a714c02eb2..df0dbbb0b7f 100644
--- a/src/Framework/TestCase.php
+++ b/src/Framework/TestCase.php
@@ -1176,10 +1176,10 @@ final protected function registerFailureType(string $classOrInterface): void
      */
     final protected function runTest(): mixed
     {
-        $testArguments = array_merge($this->data, $this->dependencyInput);
+        $testArguments = array_merge($this->data, array_values($this->dependencyInput));
 
         try {
-            $testResult = $this->{$this->name}(...array_values($testArguments));
+            $testResult = $this->{$this->name}(...$testArguments);
         } catch (Throwable $exception) {
             if (!$this->shouldExceptionExpectationsBeVerified($exception)) {
                 throw $exception;
diff --git a/tests/_files/DataProviderNamedArgumentsTest.php b/tests/_files/DataProviderNamedArgumentsTest.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..57780c9d17a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_files/DataProviderNamedArgumentsTest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+<?php declare(strict_types=1);
+/*
+ * This file is part of PHPUnit.
+ *
+ * (c) Sebastian Bergmann <sebastian@phpunit.de>
+ *
+ * For the full copyright and license information, please view the LICENSE
+ * file that was distributed with this source code.
+ */
+namespace PHPUnit\TestFixture;
+
+use PHPUnit\Framework\Attributes\DataProvider;
+use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
+
+class DataProviderNamedArgumentsTest extends TestCase
+{
+    public static function providerMethod()
+    {
+        return [
+            ['a' => 1, 'b' => 2, 'c' => 3],
+            ['c' => 3, 'a' => 2, 'b' => 1],
+        ];
+    }
+
+    #[DataProvider('providerMethod')]
+    public function testAdd($a, $b, $c): void
+    {
+        $this->assertEquals($c, $a + $b);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/end-to-end/generic/dataprovider-named-arguments.phpt b/tests/end-to-end/generic/dataprovider-named-arguments.phpt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8f14acebce7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/end-to-end/generic/dataprovider-named-arguments.phpt
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+--TEST--
+phpunit ../../_files/DataProviderNamedArgumentsTest.php
+--FILE--
+<?php declare(strict_types=1);
+$_SERVER['argv'][] = '--do-not-cache-result';
+$_SERVER['argv'][] = '--no-configuration';
+$_SERVER['argv'][] = __DIR__ . '/../../_files/DataProviderNamedArgumentsTest.php';
+
+require_once __DIR__ . '/../../bootstrap.php';
+(new PHPUnit\TextUI\Application)->run($_SERVER['argv']);
+--EXPECTF--
+PHPUnit %s by Sebastian Bergmann and contributors.
+
+Runtime: %s
+
+..                                                                  2 / 2 (100%)
+
+Time: %s, Memory: %s
+
+OK (2 tests, 2 assertions)