diff --git a/core/txpool/list.go b/core/txpool/list.go
index 639d69bcbed4..fae7c2fcac2d 100644
--- a/core/txpool/list.go
+++ b/core/txpool/list.go
@@ -270,10 +270,10 @@ func newList(strict bool) *list {
 	}
 }
 
-// Overlaps returns whether the transaction specified has the same nonce as one
-// already contained within the list.
-func (l *list) Overlaps(tx *types.Transaction) bool {
-	return l.txs.Get(tx.Nonce()) != nil
+// Contains returns whether the  list contains a transaction
+// with the provided nonce.
+func (l *list) Contains(nonce uint64) bool {
+	return l.txs.Get(nonce) != nil
 }
 
 // Add tries to insert a new transaction into the list, returning whether the
diff --git a/core/txpool/txpool.go b/core/txpool/txpool.go
index 3a5ed695681c..9eb19b0094ba 100644
--- a/core/txpool/txpool.go
+++ b/core/txpool/txpool.go
@@ -745,11 +745,11 @@ func (pool *TxPool) add(tx *types.Transaction, local bool) (replaced bool, err e
 		}
 
 		// If the new transaction is a future transaction it should never churn pending transactions
-		if !isLocal && pool.isFuture(from, tx) {
+		if !isLocal && pool.isGapped(from, tx) {
 			var replacesPending bool
 			for _, dropTx := range drop {
 				dropSender, _ := types.Sender(pool.signer, dropTx)
-				if list := pool.pending[dropSender]; list != nil && list.Overlaps(dropTx) {
+				if list := pool.pending[dropSender]; list != nil && list.Contains(dropTx.Nonce()) {
 					replacesPending = true
 					break
 				}
@@ -774,7 +774,7 @@ func (pool *TxPool) add(tx *types.Transaction, local bool) (replaced bool, err e
 	}
 
 	// Try to replace an existing transaction in the pending pool
-	if list := pool.pending[from]; list != nil && list.Overlaps(tx) {
+	if list := pool.pending[from]; list != nil && list.Contains(tx.Nonce()) {
 		// Nonce already pending, check if required price bump is met
 		inserted, old := list.Add(tx, pool.config.PriceBump)
 		if !inserted {
@@ -817,18 +817,26 @@ func (pool *TxPool) add(tx *types.Transaction, local bool) (replaced bool, err e
 	return replaced, nil
 }
 
-// isFuture reports whether the given transaction is immediately executable.
-func (pool *TxPool) isFuture(from common.Address, tx *types.Transaction) bool {
-	list := pool.pending[from]
-	if list == nil {
-		return pool.pendingNonces.get(from) != tx.Nonce()
+// isGapped reports whether the given transaction is immediately executable.
+func (pool *TxPool) isGapped(from common.Address, tx *types.Transaction) bool {
+	// Short circuit if transaction matches pending nonce and can be promoted
+	// to pending list as an executable transaction.
+	next := pool.pendingNonces.get(from)
+	if tx.Nonce() == next {
+		return false
 	}
-	// Sender has pending transactions.
-	if old := list.txs.Get(tx.Nonce()); old != nil {
-		return false // It replaces a pending transaction.
+	// The transaction has a nonce gap with pending list, it's only considered
+	// as executable if transactions in queue can fill up the nonce gap.
+	queue, ok := pool.queue[from]
+	if !ok {
+		return true
 	}
-	// Not replacing, check if parent nonce exists in pending.
-	return list.txs.Get(tx.Nonce()-1) == nil
+	for nonce := next; nonce < tx.Nonce(); nonce++ {
+		if !queue.Contains(nonce) {
+			return true // txs in queue can't fill up the nonce gap
+		}
+	}
+	return false
 }
 
 // enqueueTx inserts a new transaction into the non-executable transaction queue.
diff --git a/core/txpool/txpool2_test.go b/core/txpool/txpool2_test.go
index 6d84975d83f9..7e2a9eb908d3 100644
--- a/core/txpool/txpool2_test.go
+++ b/core/txpool/txpool2_test.go
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ func count(t *testing.T, pool *TxPool) (pending int, queued int) {
 	return pending, queued
 }
 
-func fillPool(t *testing.T, pool *TxPool) {
+func fillPool(t testing.TB, pool *TxPool) {
 	t.Helper()
 	// Create a number of test accounts, fund them and make transactions
 	executableTxs := types.Transactions{}
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ func TestTransactionZAttack(t *testing.T) {
 		key, _ := crypto.GenerateKey()
 		pool.currentState.AddBalance(crypto.PubkeyToAddress(key.PublicKey), big.NewInt(100000000000))
 		for j := 0; j < int(pool.config.GlobalSlots); j++ {
-			overDraftTxs = append(overDraftTxs, pricedValuedTransaction(uint64(j), 60000000000, 21000, big.NewInt(500), key))
+			overDraftTxs = append(overDraftTxs, pricedValuedTransaction(uint64(j), 600000000000, 21000, big.NewInt(500), key))
 		}
 	}
 	pool.AddRemotesSync(overDraftTxs)
@@ -210,3 +210,27 @@ func TestTransactionZAttack(t *testing.T) {
 			newIvPending, ivPending, pool.config.GlobalSlots, newQueued)
 	}
 }
+
+func BenchmarkFutureAttack(b *testing.B) {
+	// Create the pool to test the limit enforcement with
+	statedb, _ := state.New(common.Hash{}, state.NewDatabase(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase()), nil)
+	blockchain := newTestBlockChain(1000000, statedb, new(event.Feed))
+	config := testTxPoolConfig
+	config.GlobalQueue = 100
+	config.GlobalSlots = 100
+	pool := NewTxPool(config, eip1559Config, blockchain)
+	defer pool.Stop()
+	fillPool(b, pool)
+
+	key, _ := crypto.GenerateKey()
+	pool.currentState.AddBalance(crypto.PubkeyToAddress(key.PublicKey), big.NewInt(100000000000))
+	futureTxs := types.Transactions{}
+
+	for n := 0; n < b.N; n++ {
+		futureTxs = append(futureTxs, pricedTransaction(1000+uint64(n), 100000, big.NewInt(500), key))
+	}
+	b.ResetTimer()
+	for i := 0; i < 5; i++ {
+		pool.AddRemotesSync(futureTxs)
+	}
+}