diff --git a/.github/workflows/validate.yml b/.github/workflows/validate.yml
index 67b71c24..45cc7d13 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/validate.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/validate.yml
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ jobs:
     # ignore all-contributors PRs
     if: ${{ !contains(github.head_ref, 'all-contributors') }}
     strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
       matrix:
         # TODO: relax `'16.9.1'` to `16` once GitHub has 16.9.1 cached. 16.9.0 is broken due to https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/40030
         node: [12, 14, '16.9.1']
@@ -52,6 +53,8 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: ⬆️ Upload coverage report
         uses: codecov/codecov-action@v1
+        with:
+          flags: ${{ matrix.react }}
 
   release:
     needs: main
diff --git a/jest.config.js b/jest.config.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5c840226
--- /dev/null
+++ b/jest.config.js
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+const {jest: jestConfig} = require('kcd-scripts/config')
+
+module.exports = Object.assign(jestConfig, {
+  coverageThreshold: {
+    ...jestConfig.coverageThreshold,
+    // full coverage across the build matrix (React 17, 18) but not in a single job
+    './src/pure': {
+      // minimum coverage of jobs using React 17 and 18
+      branches: 80,
+      functions: 78,
+      lines: 84,
+      statements: 84,
+    },
+  },
+})
diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index 1cd283fb..cbf61367 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@
   "license": "MIT",
   "dependencies": {
     "@babel/runtime": "^7.12.5",
-    "@testing-library/dom": "^8.0.0"
+    "@testing-library/dom": "^8.5.0"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
     "@testing-library/jest-dom": "^5.11.6",
diff --git a/src/__tests__/cleanup.js b/src/__tests__/cleanup.js
index 9d3f52d4..0dcbac12 100644
--- a/src/__tests__/cleanup.js
+++ b/src/__tests__/cleanup.js
@@ -83,10 +83,7 @@ describe('fake timers and missing act warnings', () => {
     expect(microTaskSpy).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(0)
     // console.error is mocked
     // eslint-disable-next-line no-console
-    expect(console.error).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(
-      // ReactDOM.render is deprecated in React 18
-      React.version.startsWith('18') ? 1 : 0,
-    )
+    expect(console.error).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(0)
   })
 
   test('cleanup does not swallow missing act warnings', () => {
@@ -118,16 +115,10 @@ describe('fake timers and missing act warnings', () => {
     expect(deferredStateUpdateSpy).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1)
     // console.error is mocked
     // eslint-disable-next-line no-console
-    expect(console.error).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(
-      // ReactDOM.render is deprecated in React 18
-      React.version.startsWith('18') ? 2 : 1,
-    )
+    expect(console.error).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1)
     // eslint-disable-next-line no-console
-    expect(
-      console.error.mock.calls[
-        // ReactDOM.render is deprecated in React 18
-        React.version.startsWith('18') ? 1 : 0
-      ][0],
-    ).toMatch('a test was not wrapped in act(...)')
+    expect(console.error.mock.calls[0][0]).toMatch(
+      'a test was not wrapped in act(...)',
+    )
   })
 })
diff --git a/src/__tests__/end-to-end.js b/src/__tests__/end-to-end.js
index cf222aec..787a944d 100644
--- a/src/__tests__/end-to-end.js
+++ b/src/__tests__/end-to-end.js
@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@ function ComponentWithLoader() {
     let cancelled = false
     fetchAMessage().then(data => {
       if (!cancelled) {
+        // Will trigger "missing act" warnings in React 18 with real timers
+        // Need to wait for an action on https://github.com/reactwg/react-18/discussions/23#discussioncomment-1087897
         setState({data, loading: false})
       }
     })
diff --git a/src/__tests__/new-act.js b/src/__tests__/new-act.js
index af81e29c..42552594 100644
--- a/src/__tests__/new-act.js
+++ b/src/__tests__/new-act.js
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-let asyncAct, consoleErrorMock
+let asyncAct
 
 jest.mock('react-dom/test-utils', () => ({
   act: cb => {
@@ -9,11 +9,11 @@ jest.mock('react-dom/test-utils', () => ({
 beforeEach(() => {
   jest.resetModules()
   asyncAct = require('../act-compat').asyncAct
-  consoleErrorMock = jest.spyOn(console, 'error').mockImplementation(() => {})
+  jest.spyOn(console, 'error').mockImplementation(() => {})
 })
 
 afterEach(() => {
-  consoleErrorMock.mockRestore()
+  console.error.mockRestore()
 })
 
 test('async act works when it does not exist (older versions of react)', async () => {
diff --git a/src/__tests__/no-act.js b/src/__tests__/no-act.js
index d739e763..de4117bb 100644
--- a/src/__tests__/no-act.js
+++ b/src/__tests__/no-act.js
@@ -12,7 +12,15 @@ afterEach(() => {
   consoleErrorMock.mockRestore()
 })
 
+// no react-dom/test-utils also means no isomorphic act since isomorphic act got released after test-utils act
 jest.mock('react-dom/test-utils', () => ({}))
+jest.mock('react', () => {
+  const ReactActual = jest.requireActual('react')
+
+  delete ReactActual.unstable_act
+
+  return ReactActual
+})
 
 test('act works even when there is no act from test utils', () => {
   const callback = jest.fn()
diff --git a/src/__tests__/old-act.js b/src/__tests__/old-act.js
index 6081fef8..0153fea3 100644
--- a/src/__tests__/old-act.js
+++ b/src/__tests__/old-act.js
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-let asyncAct, consoleErrorMock
+let asyncAct
 
 beforeEach(() => {
   jest.resetModules()
   asyncAct = require('../act-compat').asyncAct
-  consoleErrorMock = jest.spyOn(console, 'error').mockImplementation(() => {})
+  jest.spyOn(console, 'error').mockImplementation(() => {})
 })
 
 afterEach(() => {
-  consoleErrorMock.mockRestore()
+  console.error.mockRestore()
 })
 
 jest.mock('react-dom/test-utils', () => ({
diff --git a/src/__tests__/render.js b/src/__tests__/render.js
index fea1a649..ac996444 100644
--- a/src/__tests__/render.js
+++ b/src/__tests__/render.js
@@ -101,3 +101,36 @@ test('flushes useEffect cleanup functions sync on unmount()', () => {
 
   expect(spy).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1)
 })
+
+test('throws if `legacyRoot: false` is used with an incomaptible version', () => {
+  const isConcurrentReact = typeof ReactDOM.createRoot === 'function'
+
+  const performConcurrentRender = () => render(<div />, {legacyRoot: false})
+
+  // eslint-disable-next-line jest/no-if -- jest doesn't support conditional tests
+  if (isConcurrentReact) {
+    // eslint-disable-next-line jest/no-conditional-expect -- yes, jest still doesn't support conditional tests
+    expect(performConcurrentRender).not.toThrow()
+  } else {
+    // eslint-disable-next-line jest/no-conditional-expect -- yes, jest still doesn't support conditional tests
+    expect(performConcurrentRender).toThrowError(
+      `Attempted to use concurrent React with \`react-dom@${ReactDOM.version}\`. Be sure to use the \`next\` or \`experimental\` release channel (https://reactjs.org/docs/release-channels.html).`,
+    )
+  }
+})
+
+test('can be called multiple times on the same container', () => {
+  const container = document.createElement('div')
+
+  const {unmount} = render(<strong />, {container})
+
+  expect(container).toContainHTML('<strong></strong>')
+
+  render(<em />, {container})
+
+  expect(container).toContainHTML('<em></em>')
+
+  unmount()
+
+  expect(container).toBeEmptyDOMElement()
+})
diff --git a/src/__tests__/stopwatch.js b/src/__tests__/stopwatch.js
index 400fce10..eeaf395c 100644
--- a/src/__tests__/stopwatch.js
+++ b/src/__tests__/stopwatch.js
@@ -53,8 +53,5 @@ test('unmounts a component', async () => {
   // and get an error.
   await sleep(5)
   // eslint-disable-next-line no-console
-  expect(console.error).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(
-    // ReactDOM.render is deprecated in React 18
-    React.version.startsWith('18') ? 1 : 0,
-  )
+  expect(console.error).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
 })
diff --git a/src/act-compat.js b/src/act-compat.js
index 40ecdab9..16124afc 100644
--- a/src/act-compat.js
+++ b/src/act-compat.js
@@ -2,8 +2,9 @@ import * as React from 'react'
 import ReactDOM from 'react-dom'
 import * as testUtils from 'react-dom/test-utils'
 
-const reactAct = testUtils.act
-const actSupported = reactAct !== undefined
+const isomorphicAct = React.unstable_act
+const domAct = testUtils.act
+const actSupported = domAct !== undefined
 
 // act is supported react-dom@16.8.0
 // so for versions that don't have act from test utils
@@ -14,7 +15,7 @@ function actPolyfill(cb) {
   ReactDOM.render(<div />, document.createElement('div'))
 }
 
-const act = reactAct || actPolyfill
+const act = isomorphicAct || domAct || actPolyfill
 
 let youHaveBeenWarned = false
 let isAsyncActSupported = null
@@ -50,7 +51,7 @@ function asyncAct(cb) {
         }
         let cbReturn, result
         try {
-          result = reactAct(() => {
+          result = domAct(() => {
             cbReturn = cb()
             return cbReturn
           })
diff --git a/src/pure.js b/src/pure.js
index 75098f78..0ac63feb 100644
--- a/src/pure.js
+++ b/src/pure.js
@@ -25,32 +25,73 @@ configureDTL({
   },
 })
 
+if (React.startTransition !== undefined) {
+  configureDTL({
+    unstable_advanceTimersWrapper: cb => {
+      return act(cb)
+    },
+    asyncWrapper: cb => cb(),
+  })
+}
+
+// Ideally we'd just use a WeakMap where containers are keys and roots are values.
+// We use two variables so that we can bail out in constant time when we render with a new container (most common use case)
+/**
+ * @type {Set<import('react-dom').Container>}
+ */
 const mountedContainers = new Set()
+/**
+ * @type Array<{container: import('react-dom').Container, root: ReturnType<typeof createConcurrentRoot>}>
+ */
+const mountedRootEntries = []
 
-function render(
-  ui,
-  {
-    container,
-    baseElement = container,
-    queries,
-    hydrate = false,
-    wrapper: WrapperComponent,
-  } = {},
-) {
-  if (!baseElement) {
-    // default to document.body instead of documentElement to avoid output of potentially-large
-    // head elements (such as JSS style blocks) in debug output
-    baseElement = document.body
+function createConcurrentRoot(container, options) {
+  if (typeof ReactDOM.createRoot !== 'function') {
+    throw new TypeError(
+      `Attempted to use concurrent React with \`react-dom@${ReactDOM.version}\`. Be sure to use the \`next\` or \`experimental\` release channel (https://reactjs.org/docs/release-channels.html).'`,
+    )
   }
-  if (!container) {
-    container = baseElement.appendChild(document.createElement('div'))
+  const root = options.hydrate
+    ? ReactDOM.hydrateRoot(container)
+    : ReactDOM.createRoot(container)
+
+  return {
+    hydrate(element) {
+      /* istanbul ignore if */
+      if (!options.hydrate) {
+        throw new Error(
+          'Attempted to hydrate a non-hydrateable root. This is a bug in `@testing-library/react`.',
+        )
+      }
+      root.render(element)
+    },
+    render(element) {
+      root.render(element)
+    },
+    unmount() {
+      root.unmount()
+    },
   }
+}
 
-  // we'll add it to the mounted containers regardless of whether it's actually
-  // added to document.body so the cleanup method works regardless of whether
-  // they're passing us a custom container or not.
-  mountedContainers.add(container)
+function createLegacyRoot(container) {
+  return {
+    hydrate(element) {
+      ReactDOM.hydrate(element, container)
+    },
+    render(element) {
+      ReactDOM.render(element, container)
+    },
+    unmount() {
+      ReactDOM.unmountComponentAtNode(container)
+    },
+  }
+}
 
+function renderRoot(
+  ui,
+  {baseElement, container, hydrate, queries, root, wrapper: WrapperComponent},
+) {
   const wrapUiIfNeeded = innerElement =>
     WrapperComponent
       ? React.createElement(WrapperComponent, null, innerElement)
@@ -58,9 +99,9 @@ function render(
 
   act(() => {
     if (hydrate) {
-      ReactDOM.hydrate(wrapUiIfNeeded(ui), container)
+      root.hydrate(wrapUiIfNeeded(ui), container)
     } else {
-      ReactDOM.render(wrapUiIfNeeded(ui), container)
+      root.render(wrapUiIfNeeded(ui), container)
     }
   })
 
@@ -75,11 +116,15 @@ function render(
           console.log(prettyDOM(el, maxLength, options)),
     unmount: () => {
       act(() => {
-        ReactDOM.unmountComponentAtNode(container)
+        root.unmount()
       })
     },
     rerender: rerenderUi => {
-      render(wrapUiIfNeeded(rerenderUi), {container, baseElement})
+      renderRoot(wrapUiIfNeeded(rerenderUi), {
+        container,
+        baseElement,
+        root,
+      })
       // Intentionally do not return anything to avoid unnecessarily complicating the API.
       // folks can use all the same utilities we return in the first place that are bound to the container
     },
@@ -99,20 +144,66 @@ function render(
   }
 }
 
-function cleanup() {
-  mountedContainers.forEach(cleanupAtContainer)
+function render(
+  ui,
+  {
+    container,
+    baseElement = container,
+    legacyRoot = typeof ReactDOM.createRoot !== 'function',
+    queries,
+    hydrate = false,
+    wrapper,
+  } = {},
+) {
+  if (!baseElement) {
+    // default to document.body instead of documentElement to avoid output of potentially-large
+    // head elements (such as JSS style blocks) in debug output
+    baseElement = document.body
+  }
+  if (!container) {
+    container = baseElement.appendChild(document.createElement('div'))
+  }
+
+  let root
+  // eslint-disable-next-line no-negated-condition -- we want to map the evolution of this over time. The root is created first. Only later is it re-used so we don't want to read the case that happens later first.
+  if (!mountedContainers.has(container)) {
+    const createRootImpl = legacyRoot ? createLegacyRoot : createConcurrentRoot
+    root = createRootImpl(container, {hydrate})
+
+    mountedRootEntries.push({container, root})
+    // we'll add it to the mounted containers regardless of whether it's actually
+    // added to document.body so the cleanup method works regardless of whether
+    // they're passing us a custom container or not.
+    mountedContainers.add(container)
+  } else {
+    mountedRootEntries.forEach(rootEntry => {
+      if (rootEntry.container === container) {
+        root = rootEntry.root
+      }
+    })
+  }
+
+  return renderRoot(ui, {
+    container,
+    baseElement,
+    queries,
+    hydrate,
+    wrapper,
+    root,
+  })
 }
 
-// maybe one day we'll expose this (perhaps even as a utility returned by render).
-// but let's wait until someone asks for it.
-function cleanupAtContainer(container) {
-  act(() => {
-    ReactDOM.unmountComponentAtNode(container)
+function cleanup() {
+  mountedRootEntries.forEach(({root, container}) => {
+    act(() => {
+      root.unmount()
+    })
+    if (container.parentNode === document.body) {
+      document.body.removeChild(container)
+    }
   })
-  if (container.parentNode === document.body) {
-    document.body.removeChild(container)
-  }
-  mountedContainers.delete(container)
+  mountedRootEntries.length = 0
+  mountedContainers.clear()
 }
 
 // just re-export everything from dom-testing-library
diff --git a/tests/setup-env.js b/tests/setup-env.js
index 6c0b953b..264828a9 100644
--- a/tests/setup-env.js
+++ b/tests/setup-env.js
@@ -1,20 +1 @@
 import '@testing-library/jest-dom/extend-expect'
-
-let consoleErrorMock
-
-beforeEach(() => {
-  const originalConsoleError = console.error
-  consoleErrorMock = jest
-    .spyOn(console, 'error')
-    .mockImplementation((message, ...optionalParams) => {
-      // Ignore ReactDOM.render/ReactDOM.hydrate deprecation warning
-      if (message.indexOf('Use createRoot instead.') !== -1) {
-        return
-      }
-      originalConsoleError(message, ...optionalParams)
-    })
-})
-
-afterEach(() => {
-  consoleErrorMock.mockRestore()
-})
diff --git a/types/index.d.ts b/types/index.d.ts
index 663e6280..b4386996 100644
--- a/types/index.d.ts
+++ b/types/index.d.ts
@@ -58,6 +58,11 @@ export interface RenderOptions<
    *  @see https://testing-library.com/docs/react-testing-library/api/#hydrate)
    */
   hydrate?: boolean
+  /**
+   * Set to `true` if you want to force synchronous `ReactDOM.render`.
+   * Otherwise `render` will default to concurrent React if available.
+   */
+  legacyRoot?: boolean
   /**
    * Queries to bind. Overrides the default set from DOM Testing Library unless merged.
    *