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Demo based on aws/terraform/packer/ansible/docker

About

Purpose of this project is to setup a ready to use wordpress docker image deployed on aws ECS connected to a RDS database.

Prepare environment

To be able to run it, you have to install on your local machine:

  • docker
  • packer
  • terraform

As it's based on AWS, you will need your secret and access keys.

Run

First, configure your AWS environement variables:

$ export AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=<ACCESS_KEY>
$ export AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=<SECRET_KEY>

Clone this project and deploy infrastructre with terraform:

$ cd terraform
$ terraform init
$ terraform apply

When it's finished, output will tell you the RDS address and Amazon ECR repository url:

[...]
Apply complete! Resources: 16 added, 0 changed, 0 destroyed.

Outputs:

db_address = "terraform-XXXXXX.eu-west-3.rds.amazonaws.com"
ecr_repository = "000XXX.dkr.ecr.eu-west-3.amazonaws.com/wordpress-repo:mywordpress"

Before generating docker image, modify "ansible/group_vars/all" and "mywordpress.pkr.hcl" accordingly to your terraform output.

  • ansible/group_vars/all
db_host: aws_ecr_repo
  • mywordpress.pkr.hcl
variable "ecr-repo" {
  type = string
  default = "<AWS_ECR_REPO_URL>"
}

Packer build will generate and deploy a docker image to AWS ECR repository

packer build mywordpress.pkr.hcl

Now you can now browse the public IP of your ECS cluster and finish wordpress setup.

How it works

                              +----------------+
                              |User Browser    |
                              |                |
                              |                |
                              +-------+--------+
                                      |
                                      |http
                          +--------------------------------------------------+
                          |AWS        |                                      |
                          |           |                                      |
                          |  +--------v--------------+                       |
                          |  |ECS fargate            |        +-----------+  |
                          |  |                       |        | RDS       |  |
+------------+            |  |   +-------------+     |  sql   |           |  |
|            |            |  |   |Docker       +-------------->           |  |
|  Terraform +----------->+  |   |             |     |        |           |  |
|            |            |  |   +------+------+     |        |           |  |
+------------+            |  |          |            |        +-----------+  |
                          |  |          |            |                       |
                          |  +-----------------------+                       |
+------------+            |             |pull image                          |
|            |            |             |                                    |
|   Packer   |            |      +------v--------+                           |
|            |            |      |ECR            |                           |
+-----+------+            |      |               |                           |
      |                   |      +-------^-------+                           |
      |                   |              |                                   |
+-----v------+            +--------------------------------------------------+
|Docker      |                           |
+-----+------+                           |
      |                                  |
      |                                  |
+-----v-------+                          |
|ansible      |    push image            |
|             +--------------------------+
+-------------+

Terraform will be responsible to create all the infra we need for our project:

  • VPC
  • Subnet
  • Routing
  • Security groups
  • ECR creation
  • ECS cluster fargate
  • ECS service and task
  • RDS instance

Packer will execute the following tasks:

  • Generate a docker image
  • Execute ansible
    • Install ngnix web server
    • Install php-fpm as wordpress engine is in PHP
    • Download wordpress
    • Assign db variables to wordpress configuration file
    • Install supervisor to run ngnix and php-fpm at start
  • Remove uneeded package after install
  • Docker tag and push to ECR

What problems did I encounter

Problems I encouter was were linked to ECR:

  • Cannot pull container because I have forgotten the tag in the URL
  • Cannot pull container because I didn't setup an internet gateway

Improvment ideas

We have multiple definition of databases variables (in ansible and in terraform). A quick fix could be to use environment variables. Password are stored in text file, we can use a vault to secure them and be API friendly. We could also reduce the image size by using another linux distribution.

Production concideration

This project is not aim to run in production, we have multiple risks:

  • Website is in HTTP, a malicious user listening on the network can see our wordpress password admin account
  • No HA. Concider using multiple wordpress instances, autoscaling group, load balancing ECS..
  • No logs. Cloudwatch Logs can be use or a elasticsearch/kibana..
  • We don't have monitoring/alerting. We can rely on datadog products or open-source products (zabbix, nagios, grafana/prometheus..)
  • Configure a CI/CD pipeline for automatic build/unit test/deployment
  • Use DNS with Route53
  • For security, a WAF can be added