diff --git a/article/2021/Go-developer-survey-2020-results.md b/article/2021/Go-developer-survey-2020-results.md index b875c9f8caf..ca9e14e37b8 100644 --- a/article/2021/Go-developer-survey-2020-results.md +++ b/article/2021/Go-developer-survey-2020-results.md @@ -1,3 +1,5 @@ + + > * 原文地址：[Go Developer Survey 2020 Results](https://blog.golang.org/survey2020-results) > * 原文作者：Alice Merrick > * 译文出自：[掘金翻译计划](https://github.com/xitu/gold-miner) @@ -5,6 +7,7 @@ > * 译者： > * 校对者： + # Go Developer Survey 2020 Results In 2020, we had another great turnout with 9,648 responses, about [as many as 2019](https://blog.golang.org/survey2020-results). Thank you for putting in the time to provide the community with these insights on your experiences using Go! @@ -15,6 +18,7 @@ You may notice some questions have smaller sample sizes ("n=") than others. That ## Highlights + - Go usage is expanding in the workplace and enterprise with 76% of respondents using [Go at work](https://blog.golang.org/survey2020-results#TOC_4.1) and 66% saying [Go is critical to their company's success](https://blog.golang.org/survey2020-results#TOC_6.1). - [Overall satisfaction](https://blog.golang.org/survey2020-results#TOC_6.) is high with 92% of respondents being satisfied using Go. - The majority of [respondents felt productive](https://blog.golang.org/survey2020-results#TOC_6.2) in Go in less than 3 months, with 81% feeling very or extremely productive in Go. @@ -24,8 +28,10 @@ You may notice some questions have smaller sample sizes ("n=") than others. That - Go continues to be heavily used for [APIs, CLIs, Web, DevOps & Data Processing](https://blog.golang.org/survey2020-results#TOC_7.). - [Underrepresented groups](https://blog.golang.org/survey2020-results#TOC_12.1) tend to feel less welcome in the community. + ## Who did we hear from? + Demographic questions help us distinguish which year-over-year differences may result from changes in who responded to the survey versus changes in sentiment or behavior. Because our demographics are similar to last year, we can be reasonably confident that other year-over-year changes aren't primarily due to demographic shifts. For example, the distribution of organization sizes, developer experience, and industries remained about the same from 2019 to 2020. @@ -52,8 +58,10 @@ As in prior years, we found that most respondents are not frequent contributors ![https://blog.golang.org/survey2020/foss_yoy.svg](https://blog.golang.org/survey2020/foss_yoy.svg) + ## Developer tools and practices + As in prior years, the vast majority of survey respondents reported working with Go on Linux (63%) and macOS (55%) systems. The proportion of respondents who primarily develop on Linux appears to be slightly trending down over time. ![https://blog.golang.org/survey2020/os_yoy.svg](https://blog.golang.org/survey2020/os_yoy.svg) @@ -74,6 +82,7 @@ Last year we asked about specific developer techniques and found that almost 90% ![https://blog.golang.org/survey2020/why_printf.svg](https://blog.golang.org/survey2020/why_printf.svg) + ## Sentiments towards Go For the first time, this year we asked about overall satisfaction. 92% of respondents said they were very or somewhat satisfied using Go during the past year. @@ -112,8 +121,10 @@ We asked an open text question on what we could do to make the Go community more ![https://blog.golang.org/survey2020/more_welcoming.svg](https://blog.golang.org/survey2020/more_welcoming.svg) + ## Working with Go + Building API/RPC services (74%) and CLIs (65%) remain the most common uses of Go. We don't see any significant changes from last year, when we introduced randomization into the ordering of options. (Prior to 2019, options towards the beginning of the list were disproportionately selected.) We also broke this out by organization size and found that respondents use Go similarly at large enterprises or smaller organizations, although large orgs are a little less likely to use Go for web services returning HTML. ![https://blog.golang.org/survey2020/app_yoy.svg](https://blog.golang.org/survey2020/app_yoy.svg) @@ -142,8 +153,10 @@ Similar to last year, we found that 76% of respondents evaluate the current Go r ![https://blog.golang.org/survey2020/update_time.svg](https://blog.golang.org/survey2020/update_time.svg) + ## Modules + This year we found near-universal adoption for Go modules, and a significant increase in the proportion of respondents who only use modules for package management. 96% of respondents said they were using modules for package management, up from 89% last year. 87% of respondents said they were using *only* modules for package management, up from 71% last year. Meanwhile, the use of other package management tools has decreased. ![https://blog.golang.org/survey2020/modules_adoption_yoy.svg](https://blog.golang.org/survey2020/modules_adoption_yoy.svg) @@ -152,8 +165,10 @@ Satisfaction with modules also increased from last year. 77% of respondents said ![https://blog.golang.org/survey2020/modules_sat_yoy.svg](https://blog.golang.org/survey2020/modules_sat_yoy.svg) + ## Official documentation + Most respondents said they struggle with official documentation. 62% of respondents struggle to find enough information to fully implement a feature of their application and over a third have struggled to get started with something they haven’t done before. ![https://blog.golang.org/survey2020/doc_struggles.svg](https://blog.golang.org/survey2020/doc_struggles.svg) @@ -162,8 +177,10 @@ The most problematic areas of official documentation were on using modules and C ![https://blog.golang.org/survey2020/doc_helpfulness.svg](https://blog.golang.org/survey2020/doc_helpfulness.svg) + ## Go in the clouds + Go was designed with modern distributed computing in mind, and we want to continue to improve the developer experience of building cloud services with Go. - The three largest global cloud providers (Amazon Web Services, Google Cloud Platform, and Microsoft Azure) continue to increase in usage among survey respondents, while most other providers are used by a smaller proportion of respondents each year. Azure in particular had a significant increase from 7% to 12%. @@ -179,8 +196,10 @@ Overall, a majority of respondents were satisfied with using Go on all three maj ![https://blog.golang.org/survey2020/cloud_csat.svg](https://blog.golang.org/survey2020/cloud_csat.svg) + ## Pain points + The top reasons respondents say they are unable to use Go more remain working on a project in another language (54%), working on a team that prefers to use another language (34%), and the lack of a critical feature in Go itself (26%). This year we introduced a new option, “I already use Go everywhere I would like to,” so that respondents could opt out of making selections that don't prevent them from using Go. This significantly lowered the rate of selection of all other options, but did not change their relative ordering. We also introduced an option for “Go lacks critical frameworks”. @@ -199,8 +218,10 @@ The top challenge respondents reported when using Go was again Go's lack of gene ![https://blog.golang.org/survey2020/biggest_challenge.svg](https://blog.golang.org/survey2020/biggest_challenge.svg) + ## The Go community + This year we asked respondents for their top 5 resources for answering their Go-related questions. Last year we only asked for top 3, so the results aren't directly comparable, however, StackOverflow remains the most popular resource at 65%. Reading source code (57%) remains another popular resource while reliance on godoc.org (39%) has significantly decreased. The package discovery site pkg.go.dev is new to the list this year and was a top resource for 32% of respondents. Respondents who use pkg.go.dev are more likely to agree they are able to quickly find Go packages / libraries they need: 91% for pkg.go.dev users vs. 82% for everyone else. ![https://blog.golang.org/survey2020/resources.svg](https://blog.golang.org/survey2020/resources.svg) @@ -223,6 +244,7 @@ We added an additional question this year on assistive technology usage, and fou The Go team values diversity and inclusion, not simply as the right thing to do, but because diverse voices can illuminate our blindspots and ultimately benefit all users. The way we ask about sensitive information, including gender and traditionally underrepresented groups, has changed according to data privacy regulations and we hope to make these questions, particularly around gender diversity, more inclusive in the future. + ## Conclusion Thank you for joining us in reviewing the results of our 2020 developer survey! Understanding developers’ experiences and challenges helps us measure our progress and directs the future of Go. Thanks again to everyone who contributed to this survey—we couldn't have done it without you. We hope to see you next year! @@ -231,4 +253,6 @@ Thank you for joining us in reviewing the results of our 2020 developer survey! --- + > [掘金翻译计划](https://github.com/xitu/gold-miner) 是一个翻译优质互联网技术文章的社区，文章来源为 [掘金](https://juejin.im) 上的英文分享文章。内容覆盖 [Android](https://github.com/xitu/gold-miner#android)、[iOS](https://github.com/xitu/gold-miner#ios)、[前端](https://github.com/xitu/gold-miner#前端)、[后端](https://github.com/xitu/gold-miner#后端)、[区块链](https://github.com/xitu/gold-miner#区块链)、[产品](https://github.com/xitu/gold-miner#产品)、[设计](https://github.com/xitu/gold-miner#设计)、[人工智能](https://github.com/xitu/gold-miner#人工智能)等领域，想要查看更多优质译文请持续关注 [掘金翻译计划](https://github.com/xitu/gold-miner)、[官方微博](http://weibo.com/juejinfanyi)、[知乎专栏](https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/juejinfanyi)。 + diff --git "a/article/2021/raspberry-pi\342\200\231s-ninth-birthday-9-things-you-might-not-know.md" "b/article/2021/raspberry-pi\342\200\231s-ninth-birthday-9-things-you-might-not-know.md" new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..ce86077d444 --- /dev/null +++ "b/article/2021/raspberry-pi\342\200\231s-ninth-birthday-9-things-you-might-not-know.md" @@ -0,0 +1,97 @@ +> * 原文地址：[Raspberry Pi’s Ninth Birthday: 9 Things You Might Not Know](https://www.tomshardware.com/news/raspberry-pi-9th-birthday) +> * 原文作者：[Avram Piltch]([https://www.tomshardware.com/author/avram-piltch](https://www.tomshardware.com/author/avram-piltch)) +> * 译文出自：[掘金翻译计划]([https://github.com/xitu/gold-miner](https://github.com/xitu/gold-miner)) +> * 本文永久链接：[https://github.com/xitu/gold-miner/blob/master/article/2021/Go-developer-2020-results.md](https://github.com/xitu/gold-miner/blob/master/article/2021/6-css-properties-nobody-is-talking-about.md) +> * 译者： +> * 校对者： + + +# Raspberry Pi’s Ninth Birthday: 9 Things You Might Not Know + +One of the world’s most popular and innovative computers officially launched on February 29, 2012. Nine years and 38 million units sold later, the Raspberry Pi powers a huge community of makers, students and businesses. What started as a small project, meant to increase applications for Cambridge University’s computer science program has become a global movement. + +Every serious tech enthusiast should own at least one Raspberry Pi or, if you’re like me, 30 Raspberry Pis. You can use one as a lightweight PC, a [retro arcade machine](https://www.tomshardware.com/how-to/install-retropie-raspberry-pi-4) or to power a variety of projects, from [home security cameras](https://www.tomshardware.com/how-to/raspberry-pi-security-camera) to [tic-tac-toe-playing robots](https://www.tomshardware.com/news/this-raspberry-pi-robot-plays-tic-tac-toe-so-you-never-play-alone), [self-driving trash cans](https://www.tomshardware.com/news/clean-your-room-with-this-raspberry-pi-trash-delivery-bot) or [streaming media servers](https://www.tomshardware.com/how-to/raspberry-pi-plex-ubuntu). + +In honor of the Raspberry Pi’s ninth birthday, here are 9 key facts about it. + +# 1. Raspberry Pi’s original target was just 1,000 units. + +The Raspberry Pi was originally developed to solve a very limited problem: the decreasing number of people applying to study computer science at Cambridge University. The number of applications had dropped from 600 to 250 per year and Eben Upton, who was the director of studies and responsible for admission, became concerned that not enough kids were taking an interest in computers. By providing a low-cost, hackable computer to just a few kids in the UK, Upton intended to get more and better students for his program. + + +## 2. There have been at least 21 Different Models of Raspberry Pi. + + +Since its launch in 2012, the Raspberry Pi Foundation has released 20 additional models, 52 if you count all four RAM capacities of the [Raspberry Pi 4 B](https://www.tomshardware.com/reviews/raspberry-pi-4) and all 32 variants of the Raspberry Pi Compute Module 4 (which comes in different RAM and storage capacities and with or without Wi-Fi). + +The original Raspberry Pi, the Model B had just 256MB of RAM and a single-core, 700 MHz processor. The current mainstream model, the Pi 4 B, has up to 8GB of RAM, a quad-core 1.5-GHz CPU and USB 3.0 ports. + +[Untitled](https://www.notion.so/8167832e68b6463b931c6876c83629dd) + +Launched in late 2020, the [Raspberry Pi 400](https://www.tomshardware.com/news/raspberry-pi-400-review-faster-cpu-new-layout-better-thermals) is Raspberry Pi's first standalone computer. Instead of a bare board, the Pi 400 is a keyboard with the equivalent of a Pi 4 inside, though the CPU runs at 1.8 rather than 1.5 GHz. It's sold either by itself or in a kit with a mouse, power supply, cables and an official guide. + +The Raspberry Pi Pico is a completely different type of Pi, a microcontroller board that's more like an Arduino than a traditional Pi (more on that below). + +## 3. Raspberry Pi Pico marks a new chapter in Pi history. + + +Released in January 2021, the [Raspberry Pi Pico](https://www.tomshardware.com/news/raspberry-pi-pico-tutorials-pinout-everything-you-need-to-know) is the company’s first microcontroller and marks the debut of its first custom silicon, the RP2040 CPU. Where every prior Pi has been a full-fledged computer that boots into a, typically Linux, operating system, the `$4` Pico falls into the same category as Arduino. The Pico is great for controlling motors, lights and sensors and runs a program as soon as you turn it on, without the need to boot up or the worry that you’ll lose data if you pull the plug without doing a safe shutdown. + +The Pico has three built-in ADC (analog-to-digital converters), something that other Pis lack, which allow you to connect directly to analog devices such as joysticks, potentiometers and distance sensors. See our articles about [Raspberry Pico vs Arduino](https://www.tomshardware.com/features/raspberry-pi-pico-vs-arduino) and [which Raspberry Pi is right for you](https://www.tomshardware.com/how-to/raspberry-pi-buying-guide) for more detailed comparisons between the Pico, the Arduino and other Raspberry Pis. + +The RP2040 chip which powers the Pico marks an even bigger evolution than the board itself. This 133-MHz, dual-core Cortex M0+ CPU is designed by the Raspberry Pi Foundation and licensed out to other vendors such as Pimoroni and Adafruit who are building an entire ecosystem of RP2040-powered microcontrollers themselves. Even Arduino is getting in on the act, releasing the [Arduino Nano RP2040 Connect](https://www.tomshardware.com/news/first-pi-silicon-arduino-nano-rp2040-connect-spotted), which will have built-in Wi-Fi and Bluetooth. + +## 4. The most popular Pi is . . . + + +The Raspberry Pi 3 B is the best-selling Pi model of all-time, with 13.2 million units sold. Of the various Raspberry Pi 4 B RAM capacities, the 4GB model accounts for approximately twice as many sales as the 8GB and 2GB SKUs. + +The Pico has only been on the market for a few weeks, but already has sold 250,000 units with 750,000 on back order. 2020 was the top-selling year for Pi, with 7.1 million units sold. + +## 5. The Pi has more than 20 operating systems. + +Raspberry Pi OS, a customized version of Debian, is the official operating system for Raspberry Pi boards, but it’s not the only choice, by far. From Pi-friendly versions of Ubuntu and FreeBSD Linux to unofficial ports of Android and Chrome OS, there are a ton of different operating systems available. Some of the most interesting include: + +- **[LibreELEC](https://libreelec.tv/downloads_new/):** A lightweight OS that runs the Kodi open-source media software. +- **[RISC OS](https://www.riscosopen.org/content/downloads/raspberry-pi):** Designed for ARM chips, this unique OS promises faster speeds than Linux. +- **[Chromium OS](https://github.com/FydeOS/chromium_os-raspberry_pi)**: Turn your Pi into a Chrome Box. +- **Windows 10:** Yes, you can [install Windows 10 on a Raspberry Pi 4](https://www.tomshardware.com/how-to/install-windows-10-raspberry-pi) (with some hacks), but it’s so slow you probably won’t want to keep using it. +- **[Lakka](https://www.lakka.tv/):** Specially designed for retro gaming, this OS comes with a series of emulators pre-loaded. + +## 6. There are two Raspberry Pis in space. + +The International Space Station is home to two [“Astro Pis,”](https://www.raspberrypi.org/education/programmes/astro-pi/) which are specially modified Raspberry Pi B+ models that have been “space hardened” and equipped with the official Raspberry Pi Sense HATs . The European Space agency runs periodic contests where children submit code to be run on the devices. + +Though the Pis are older models, they recently got a storage upgrade as the Astro Pi project [sent 256GB microSD cards to the ISS](https://twitter.com/astro_pi/status/1365315688034799622) to replace the 32GB cards they were using. + +## 7. The Raspberry Pi Foundation wants products to live forever. + +Even though the Raspberry Pi B+, Raspberry Pi 2, Raspberry Pi 3 B and other models are way out of date, the Raspberry Pi Foundation continues to actively manufacture and sell them. The organization hates to End-of-Life (EOL) products, because there are industrial clients who may still need them even if they are really old. + +"EOLing product is death. We’ve EOLed [just] five products in our life," Upton told us in 2019. He said that the only five products that Raspberry Pi discontinued include the Pi 1A and Pi 1B, because "the Pi 1A+ and B+ are a better implementation of that world." + +Even after the price of the Raspberry Pi 4 B (2GB) dropped to $35, the 1GB model remained available at the same price, because some customers may still want it as a drop-in replacement. + +# **8. The price of Raspberry Pi has dropped, relative to inflation.** + +The original Raspberry Pi cost $35 in 2012 while the [Raspberry Pi 4](https://www.tomshardware.com/reviews/raspberry-pi-4) B (2GB) costs the same price today. However, if you consider inflation, $35 from 2012 is actually equivalent to $39.88 today. For that same price, you get: + +- A 40x faster processor (700 MHz, single-core vs 1.5-GHz quad core) +- 8x the RAM (256GB vs 2GB) +- Wi-Fi vs no-Wifi +- Dual monitor output vs single HDMI out +- USB 3.0 ports vs USB 2 only + +If $35 still seems like a lot of money, there are cheaper Pi models. The Raspberry Pi Zero goes for just $5 while the Raspberry Pi Pico, a microcontroller board, goes for a mere $4. + +## 9. There’s a Pi War every year. + +Yes, you can compete with your Raspberry Pi. [Pi Wars](https://piwars.org/) is an annual robotics competition where all of the gear must be built with your choice of Raspberry Pi. Teams at Pi Wars compete in challenges such as navigating obstacle courses, popping balloons and navigating a maze. + +There are both human-driven and automated challenges. The next Pi Wars will take place in July 2021. + +> 如果发现译文存在错误或其他需要改进的地方，欢迎到 [掘金翻译计划]([https://github.com/xitu/gold-miner](https://github.com/xitu/gold-miner)) 对译文进行修改并 PR，也可获得相应奖励积分。文章开头的 **本文永久链接** 即为本文在 GitHub 上的 MarkDown 链接。 + +--- + +> [掘金翻译计划]([https://github.com/xitu/gold-miner](https://github.com/xitu/gold-miner)) 是一个翻译优质互联网技术文章的社区，文章来源为 [掘金]([https://juejin.im](https://juejin.im/)) 上的英文分享文章。内容覆盖 [Android]([https://github.com/xitu/gold-miner#android](https://github.com/xitu/gold-miner#android))、[iOS]([https://github.com/xitu/gold-miner#ios](https://github.com/xitu/gold-miner#ios))、[前端]([https://github.com/xitu/gold-miner#](https://github.com/xitu/gold-miner#)前端)、[后端]([https://github.com/xitu/gold-miner#](https://github.com/xitu/gold-miner#)后端)、[区块链]([https://github.com/xitu/gold-miner#](https://github.com/xitu/gold-miner#)区块链)、[产品]([https://github.com/xitu/gold-miner#](https://github.com/xitu/gold-miner#)产品)、[设计]([https://github.com/xitu/gold-miner#](https://github.com/xitu/gold-miner#)设计)、[人工智能]([https://github.com/xitu/gold-miner#](https://github.com/xitu/gold-miner#)人工智能)等领域，想要查看更多优质译文请持续关注 [掘金翻译计划]([https://github.com/xitu/gold-miner](https://github.com/xitu/gold-miner))、[官方微博]([http://weibo.com/juejinfanyi](http://weibo.com/juejinfanyi))、[知乎专栏]([https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/juejinfanyi](https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/juejinfanyi))。 \ No newline at end of file