Configure SSH and use AWS SSM to connect to instances. Consider git-managing your configs for quick setup and keeping users up-to-date and in sync.
Recently I was required to administer AWS instances via Session Manager. After downloading the required plugin and initiating a SSM session locally using aws ssm start-session I found myself in a situation where I couldn't easily copy a file from my machine to the server (e.g. SCP, sftp, rsync etc). After some reading of AWS documentation I found it's possible to connect via SSH over SSM, solving this issue. You also get all the other benefits and functionality of SSH e.g. encryption, proxy jumping, port forwarding, socks etc.
At first I really wasn't too keen on SSM but now I'm an advocate! Some cool features:
- You can connect to your private instances inside your VPC without jumping through a public-facing bastion or instance
- You don't need to store any SSH keys locally or on the server.
- Users only require necessary IAM permissions and ability to reach their regional SSM endpoint (via HTTPS).
- SSM 'Documents' available to restrict users to specific tasks e.g.
AWS-PasswordResetandAWS-StartPortForwardingSession. - Due to the way SSM works it's unlikely to find yourself blocked by network-level security, making it a great choice if you need to get out to the internet from inside a restrictive network :p
- Instances must have access to ssm.{region}.amazonaws.com
- IAM instance profile allowing SSM access must be attached to EC2 instance
- SSM agent must be installed on EC2 instance
- AWS cli requires you install
session-manager-pluginlocally
Existing instances with SSM agent already installed may require agent updates.
You configure each of your instances in your SSH config and specify ssh-ssm.sh to be executed as a ProxyCommand with your AWS_PROFILE environment variable set.
If your key is available via ssh-agent it will be used by the script, otherwise a temporary key will be created, used and destroyed on termination of the script. The public key is copied across to the instance using aws ssm send-command and then the SSH session is initiated through SSM using aws ssm start-session (with document AWS-StartSSHSession) after which the SSH connection is made. The public key copied to the server is removed after 15 seconds and provides enough time for SSH authentication.
This tool is intended to be used in conjunction with ssh. It requires that you've configured your awscli (~/.aws/{config,credentials}) properly and you spend a small amount of time planning and updating your ssh config.
First, we need to make sure the agent on each of our instances is up-to-date. You can use aws ssm describe-instance-information to list instances and aws ssm send-command to update them. Alternatively, I've included a small python script to quickly list or update your instances:
Check your instances
[elpy@testbox ~]$ AWS_PROFILE=int-monitor1 python3 ssm-tool.py
instance id |ip |agent up-to-date |platform |name
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
i-0xxxxxxxxxxxxx3b4 |10.xx.xx.6 |False |Ubuntu |instance1
i-0xxxxxxxxxxxxx76e |10.xx.xx.142 |False |Ubuntu |instance2
i-0xxxxxxxxxxxxx1b6 |10.xx.xx.75 |False |Ubuntu |instance3
i-0xxxxxxxxxxxxxac8 |10.xx.xx.240 |False |Ubuntu |instance4
i-0xxxxxxxxxxxxxb1a |10.xx.xx.206 |False |Ubuntu |instance5
i-0xxxxxxxxxxxxx504 |10.xx.xx.84 |False |Amazon Linux |
i-0xxxxxxxxxxxxx73d |10.xx.xx.48 |False |Ubuntu |instance6
i-0xxxxxxxxxxxxxd56 |10.xx.xx.201 |False |Ubuntu |instance7
i-0xxxxxxxxxxxxxfe9 |10.xx.xx.143 |False |CentOS Linux |instance8
i-0xxxxxxxxxxxxxb8e |10.xx.xx.195 |False |Ubuntu |instance9
Update all instances
[elpy@testbox ~]$ AWS_PROFILE=int-monitor1 python3 ssm-tool.py --update
success
[elpy@testbox ~]$ AWS_PROFILE=int-monitor1 python3 ssm-tool.py
instance id |ip |agent up-to-date |platform |name
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
i-0xxxxxxxxxxxxx3b4 |10.xx.xx.6 |True |Ubuntu |instance1
i-0xxxxxxxxxxxxx76e |10.xx.xx.142 |True |Ubuntu |instance2
i-0xxxxxxxxxxxxx1b6 |10.xx.xx.75 |True |Ubuntu |instance3
i-0xxxxxxxxxxxxxac8 |10.xx.xx.240 |True |Ubuntu |instance4
i-0xxxxxxxxxxxxxb1a |10.xx.xx.206 |True |Ubuntu |instance5
i-0xxxxxxxxxxxxx504 |10.xx.xx.84 |True |Amazon Linux |
i-0xxxxxxxxxxxxx73d |10.xx.xx.48 |True |Ubuntu |instance6
i-0xxxxxxxxxxxxxd56 |10.xx.xx.201 |True |Ubuntu |instance7
i-0xxxxxxxxxxxxxfe9 |10.xx.xx.143 |True |CentOS Linux |instance8
i-0xxxxxxxxxxxxxb8e |10.xx.xx.195 |True |Ubuntu |instance9
Now that all of our instances are running an up-to-date agent we need to update our SSH config.
Example of basic ~/.ssh/config:
Host confluence-prod.personal
Hostname i-0xxxxxxxxxxxxxe28
User ec2-user
ProxyCommand bash -c "AWS_PROFILE=atlassian-prod ~/bin/ssh-ssm.sh %h %r"
Host jira-stg.personal
Hostname i-0xxxxxxxxxxxxxe49
User ec2-user
ProxyCommand bash -c "AWS_PROFILE=atlassian-nonprod ~/bin/ssh-ssm.sh %h %r"
Host jenkins-master.personal
Hostname i-0xxxxxxxxxxxxx143
User centos
ProxyCommand bash -c "AWS_PROFILE=jenkins-home ~/bin/ssh-ssm.sh %h %r"
Match Host i-*
IdentityFile ~/.ssh/ssm-ssh-tmp
PasswordAuthentication no
GSSAPIAuthentication no
Above we've configured 3 separate instances for SSH access over SSM, specifying the username, instance ID and host to use for local commands i.e. ssh {host}. We also set our AWS_PROFILE as per awscli configuration. If you only have a few instances to configure this might be OK to work with, but when you've got a large number of instances and different AWS profiles (think: work-internal, work-clients, personal) you're bound to end up with a huge config file and lots of repetition. I've taken a slightly different approach by splitting up my config into fragments and using ssh config directive Include. It is currently set up similar to below.
Example ~/.ssh/config:
Host *
Include conf.d/internal/*
Include conf.d/clients/*
Include conf.d/personal/*
KeepAlive yes
Protocol 2
ServerAliveInterval 30
ConnectTimeout 10
Match exec "find ~/.ssh/conf.d -type f -name '*_ssm' -exec grep '%h' {} +"
IdentityFile ~/.ssh/ssm-ssh-tmp
PasswordAuthentication no
GSSAPIAuthentication no
Example ~/.ssh/conf.d/personal/atlassian-prod_ssm:
Host confluence-prod.personal
Hostname i-0xxxxxxxxxxxxxe28
Host jira-prod.personal
Hostname i-0xxxxxxxxxxxxxe49
Host bitbucket-prod.personal
Hostname i-0xxxxxxxxxxxxx835
Match host i-*
User ec2-user
ProxyCommand bash -c "AWS_PROFILE=atlassian-prod ~/bin/ssh-ssm.sh %h %r"
All SSM hosts are saved in a fragment ending in '_ssm'. Within the config fragment I include each instance, their corresponding hostname (instance ID) and a Match directive containing the relevant User and ProxyCommand. This approach is not required but I personally find it neater and better for management.
Show which config file and Host you match against and the final command executed by SSH:
ssh -G confluence-prod.personal
Debug connection issues:
ssh -vvv user@host
For further informaton consider enabling debug for aws (edit ssh-ssm.sh):
aws ssm --debug command
Once you've tested it and you're confident it's all correct give it a go! Remember to place ssh-ssm.sh in ~/bin/ (or wherever you prefer).
SSH:
[elpy1@testbox ~]$ aws-mfa
INFO - Validating credentials for profile: default
INFO - Your credentials are still valid for 14105.807801 seconds they will expire at 2020-01-25 18:06:08
[elpy1@testbox ~]$ ssh confluence-prod.personal
Last login: Sat Jan 25 08:59:40 2020 from localhost
__| __|_ )
_| ( / Amazon Linux 2 AMI
___|\___|___|
https://aws.amazon.com/amazon-linux-2/
[ec2-user@ip-10-xx-x-x06 ~]$ logout
Connection to i-0fxxxxxxxxxxxxe28 closed.
SCP:
[elpy@testbox ~]$ scp ~/bin/ssh-ssm.sh bitbucket-prod.personal:~
ssh-ssm.sh 100% 366 49.4KB/s 00:00
[elpy@testbox ~]$ ssh bitbucket-prod.personal ls -la ssh\*
-rwxrwxr-x 1 ec2-user ec2-user 366 Jan 26 07:27 ssh-ssm.sh
SOCKS:
[elpy@testbox ~]$ ssh -f -nNT -D 8080 jira-prod.personal
[elpy@testbox ~]$ curl -x socks://localhost:8080 ipinfo.io/ip
54.xxx.xxx.49
[elpy@testbox ~]$ whois 54.xxx.xxx.49 | grep -i techname
OrgTechName: Amazon EC2 Network Operations
DB tunnel:
[elpy@testbox ~]$ ssh -f -nNT -oExitOnForwardFailure=yes -L 5432:db1.host.internal:5432 jira-prod.personal
[elpy@testbox ~]$ ss -lt4p sport = :5432
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:postgres *:* users:(("ssh",pid=26130,fd=6))
[elpy@testbox ~]$ psql --host localhost --port 5432
Password:
So, it appears there are monsters people out there who don't like the idea of managing config files, and that's fine. The reason for making this section is to provide some examples of how you can configure and work with ssh to hopefully achieve the minimal configuration dream. I have made some amendments to the python script included with ssh-ssm.sh and renamed it to ssm-tool.py to cater for this. It is required that both scripts are placed in ~/bin/.
Note: The changes made to ssh-ssm.sh should not affect existing script functionality.
Goals:
- Can ssh into our instance using
NametagValue - Can ssh into our instance using
InstanceId - We want minimal or zero pre-configuration required
To achieve this we can either execute ssh-ssm.sh directly using either the instance Name value or InstanceId:
[elpy@testbox ~]$ AWS_PROFILE=home python3 ~/bin/ssm-tool.py --linux --tag Name:jenkins*
instance id |ip |agent up-to-date |platform |names
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
i-0xxxxxxxxxxxxx67a |10.xx.x.x53 |True |CentOS Linux |jenkins-dev-slave-autoscale01
i-0xxxxxxxxxxxxxfe9 |10.xx.x.x43 |True |CentOS Linux |jenkins-dev-master-autoscale01
[elpy@testbox ~]$ AWS_PROFILE=home ~/bin/ssh-ssm.sh jenkins-dev-master-autoscale01 centos
Last login: Sun Feb 23 12:39:40 2020 from localhost
[centos@ip-10-xx-x-x43 ~]$ logout
Connection to jenkins-dev-master-autoscale01 closed.
or
[elpy@testbox ~]$ ~/bin/ssm-tool.py --profile home --tag Name:*slave* --linux
instance id |ip |agent up-to-date |platform |names
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
i-0xxxxxxxxxxxxx67a |10.xx.x.x53 |True |CentOS Linux |jenkins-dev-slave-autoscale01
[elpy@testbox ~]$ AWS_PROFILE=home ~/bin/ssh-ssm.sh i-0xxxxxxxxxxxxx67a centos
Last login: Sat Feb 22 05:57:15 2020 from localhost
[centos@ip-10-xx-x-x53 ~]$ logout
Connection to i-0xxxxxxxxxxxxx67a closed.
No pre-configuration is required.
Alternatively, we can add each instance to our ~/.ssh/config so that we can use ssh directly. It is not required for you to pre-configure your AWS profile if you're happy to specify it or switch to it each time you use ssh.
Example ~/.ssh/config:
Host jenkins-dev* instance1 instance3 instance6
ProxyCommand ~/bin/ssh-ssm.sh %h %r
...
Match host i-*
StrictHostKeyChecking no
IdentityFile ~/.ssh/ssm-ssh-tmp
PasswordAuthentication no
GSSAPIAuthentication no
ProxyCommand ~/bin/ssh-ssm.sh %h %r
This would enable you to ssh to instances with names: instance1, instance3, instance6 and any instance beginning with name jenkins-dev. Keep in mind you need to specify the AWS profile and the User as we have not pre-configured it. Example below.
SSH:
[elpy@testbox ~]$ AWS_PROFILE=home ssh centos@jenkins-dev-slave-autoscale01
Last login: Mon Feb 24 03:45:15 2020 from localhost
[centos@ip-10-xx-x-x53 ~]$ logout
Connection to i-0xxxxxxxxxxxxx67a closed.
A different approach you could take (with even less pre-configuration required) is to prepend ALL ssh commands to SSM instances with ssm., see below.
Example ~/.ssh/config:
Match host ssm.*
IdentityFile ~/.ssh/ssm-ssh-tmp
StrictHostKeyChecking no
PasswordAuthentication no
GSSAPIAuthentication no
ProxyCommand ~/bin/ssh-ssm.sh %h %r
Once again, this requires you enter the username and specify AWS profile when using ssh as we have not pre-configured it. If you use the same distro and user on all instances you could add and specify User in the Match block above. Example below.
SSH:
[elpy1@testbox ~]$ AWS_PROFILE=atlassian-prod ssh [email protected]
Last login: Sat Feb 15 06:57:02 2020 from localhost
__| __|_ )
_| ( / Amazon Linux 2 AMI
___|\___|___|
https://aws.amazon.com/amazon-linux-2/
[ec2-user@ip-10-xx-x-x06 ~]$ logout
Connection to ssm.confluence-autoscale-02 closed.
Maybe others have come up with other cool ways to utilise SSH and AWS SSM. Feel free to reach out and/or contribute with ideas!