feat(ci): check Dockerfile

[LesnyRumcajs]

Summary of changes

Changes introduced in this pull request:

• adds a workflow that will periodically check that the Dockerfile works fine. This is to limit builds in the CI and save some 💰
• Sample output: [automated] Docker check failure #4785 (right now the Dockerfile is broken). A link will be added in a follow-up.

Reference issue to close (if applicable)

Closes

Other information and links

Change checklist

• I have performed a self-review of my own code,
• I have made corresponding changes to the documentation. All new code adheres to the team's documentation standards,
• I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my feature works (if possible),
• I have made sure the CHANGELOG is up-to-date. All user-facing changes should be reflected in this document.