Implement Damerau-Levenshtein distance and Jaro[-Winkler] string distance functions

[rschu1ze]

I noticed that #54784 was closed as completed a few days ago. To really finish it, we need #57288 which has been dormant for a while. This PR addresses the feedback and finishes it, kudos to @prashantr36.

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• New Feature

Changelog entry (a user-readable short description of the changes that goes to CHANGELOG.md):

Added string similarity functions dramerauLevenshteinDistance(), jaroSimilarity() and jaroWinklerSimilarity().

[robot-ch-test-poll2]

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Check name	Description	Status
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