Reorder self-referential types checking to prevent inline allocation

[Liozou]

Fixes #33709

I added a small test right after those for #32448 but I can move, change or remove it if someone has a preference about it.

[vtjnash]

Note that struct-layout is relying on inside_typedef currently to enforce that the computation ordering is structurally guaranteed. PRs that change that (such as #33553 and #32658) may need to rearrange this further and/or provide their own equivalent restrictions.