fix(macos): report permission error if not root

[P403n1x87]

This change ensures that Austin reports the expected error code and message when running without the superuser privileges.

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Description of the Change

Alternate Designs

Regressions

Verification Process

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Patch and project coverage have no change.

Comparison is base (0484829) 71.49% compared to head (0484829) 71.49%.

❗ Current head 0484829 differs from pull request most recent head 97b2f91. Consider uploading reports for the commit 97b2f91 to get more accurate results

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##            devel     #173   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   71.49%   71.49%           
=======================================
  Files          25       25           
  Lines        2473     2473           
  Branches      730      730           
=======================================
  Hits         1768     1768           
  Misses        381      381           
  Partials      324      324           

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Austin Benchmarks

Running Austin benchmarks with Python 3.10.12

Wall time [sampling interval: 1]

Wall time [sampling interval: 1]

	Sample Rate	Saturation	Error Rate	Sampling Speed
3.4.1	112000 ± 7000	1 ± 0	2e-05 ± 1e-05	14 ± 1
3.5.0	116000 ± 5000	1 ± 0	1.9e-05 ± 8e-06	13.4 ± 0.7
dev	120000 ± 3000	1 ± 0	2e-05 ± 1e-05	12.9 ± 0.6

Wall time [sampling interval: 10]

Wall time [sampling interval: 10]

	Sample Rate	Saturation	Error Rate	Sampling Speed
3.4.1	119000 ± 2000	0.545 ± 0.0006	1.6e-05 ± 5e-06	13.1 ± 0.3
3.5.0	117000 ± 5000	0.545 ± 0.001	1.7e-05 ± 8e-06	13.3 ± 0.7
dev	116000 ± 6000	0.545 ± 0.001	1.9e-05 ± 6e-06	13.6 ± 0.7

Wall time [sampling interval: 100]

Wall time [sampling interval: 100]

	Sample Rate	Saturation	Error Rate	Sampling Speed
3.4.1	10200 ± 400	0.001 ± 0.002	5e-05 ± 7e-05	15.0 ± 0.5
3.5.0	10400 ± 500	0.0007 ± 0.0003	5e-05 ± 5e-05	14.1 ± 0.3
dev	10400 ± 500	0.0006 ± 0.0002	7e-05 ± 5e-05	14.6 ± 0.5

Wall time [sampling interval: 1000]

Wall time [sampling interval: 1000]

	Sample Rate	Saturation	Error Rate	Sampling Speed
3.4.1	1860 ± 20	0.0001 ± 0.0002	0 ± 0	17.4 ± 0.5
3.5.0	1860 ± 20	0 ± 0	0 ± 0	17.8 ± 0.4
dev	1850 ± 20	0.0001 ± 0.0002	0 ± 0	17.4 ± 0.7

CPU time [sampling interval: 1]

CPU time [sampling interval: 1]

	Sample Rate	Saturation	Error Rate	Sampling Speed
3.4.1	49000 ± 5000	1 ± 0	4e-05 ± 2e-05	23 ± 1
3.5.0	52000 ± 4000	1 ± 0	4e-05 ± 2e-05	22.4 ± 0.8
dev	53000 ± 3000	1 ± 0	2e-05 ± 1e-05	22.2 ± 0.6

CPU time [sampling interval: 10]

CPU time [sampling interval: 10]

	Sample Rate	Saturation	Error Rate	Sampling Speed
3.4.1	52000 ± 2000	0.9969 ± 0.0005	2e-05 ± 2e-05	22.5 ± 0.7
3.5.0	52000 ± 3000	0.9966 ± 0.0003	3e-05 ± 2e-05	22.3 ± 0.7
dev	53000 ± 3000	0.9962 ± 0.0004	3e-05 ± 2e-05	22.3 ± 0.8

CPU time [sampling interval: 100]

CPU time [sampling interval: 100]

	Sample Rate	Saturation	Error Rate	Sampling Speed
3.4.1	5360 ± 80	0.0011 ± 0.0003	0.0001 ± 8e-05	22.4 ± 0.5
3.5.0	5400 ± 100	0.0011 ± 0.0006	0.0001 ± 0.0001	22.8 ± 0.8
dev	5400 ± 200	0.0009 ± 0.0003	0.0002 ± 0.0001	22.1 ± 0.6

CPU time [sampling interval: 1000]

CPU time [sampling interval: 1000]

	Sample Rate	Saturation	Error Rate	Sampling Speed
3.4.1	951 ± 4	0.0001 ± 0.0002	0.0001 ± 0.0002	25.9 ± 0.6
3.5.0	952 ± 3	0 ± 0	0.0002 ± 0.0004	25.5 ± 0.5
dev	955 ± 6	0 ± 0	0.0001 ± 0.0003	25.8 ± 0.6

RSA keygen [sampling interval: 1]

RSA keygen [sampling interval: 1]

	Sample Rate	Saturation	Error Rate	Sampling Speed
3.4.1	39000 ± 3000	1 ± 0	0.0004 ± 0.0004	25 ± 3
3.5.0	40000 ± 1000	1 ± 0	0.0002 ± 0.0002	24.0 ± 0.7
dev	40200 ± 700	1 ± 0	0.0002 ± 0.0002	24.0 ± 0.5

RSA keygen [sampling interval: 10]

RSA keygen [sampling interval: 10]

	Sample Rate	Saturation	Error Rate	Sampling Speed
3.4.1	41000 ± 1000	0.984 ± 0.008	0.0002 ± 0.0002	23.9 ± 0.9
3.5.0	39000 ± 1000	0.98 ± 0.02	0.0003 ± 0.0005	25 ± 1
dev	40300 ± 700	0.98 ± 0.01	0.0003 ± 0.0003	24.1 ± 0.6

RSA keygen [sampling interval: 100]

RSA keygen [sampling interval: 100]

	Sample Rate	Saturation	Error Rate	Sampling Speed
3.4.1	6250 ± 30	0.002 ± 0.001	0.0006 ± 0.0006	29 ± 1
3.5.0	6300 ± 30	0.0013 ± 0.0007	0.0002 ± 0.0002	26.9 ± 1.0
dev	6240 ± 50	0.002 ± 0.002	0.0008 ± 0.0006	30 ± 1

RSA keygen [sampling interval: 1000]

RSA keygen [sampling interval: 1000]

	Sample Rate	Saturation	Error Rate	Sampling Speed
3.4.1	943.8 ± 0.6	0 ± 0	0.0005 ± 0.0007	32 ± 1
3.5.0	942 ± 4	0 ± 0	0.002 ± 0.005	33 ± 3
dev	944 ± 1	0.0002 ± 0.0006	0.002 ± 0.003	32 ± 3

Full metrics [sampling interval: 1]

Full metrics [sampling interval: 1]

	Sample Rate	Saturation	Error Rate	Sampling Speed
3.4.1	52000 ± 1000	1 ± 0	5e-05 ± 1e-05	29.6 ± 1.0
3.5.0	52000 ± 1000	1 ± 0	4e-05 ± 2e-05	29.3 ± 0.7
dev	51000 ± 2000	1 ± 0	4e-05 ± 2e-05	30 ± 1

Full metrics [sampling interval: 10]

Full metrics [sampling interval: 10]

	Sample Rate	Saturation	Error Rate	Sampling Speed
3.4.1	51000 ± 2000	1 ± 0	4e-05 ± 1e-05	30 ± 1
3.5.0	52000 ± 2000	1 ± 0	5e-05 ± 2e-05	30 ± 1
dev	52000 ± 2000	1 ± 0	4.9e-05 ± 7e-06	29.5 ± 1.0

Full metrics [sampling interval: 100]

Full metrics [sampling interval: 100]

	Sample Rate	Saturation	Error Rate	Sampling Speed
3.4.1	9900 ± 400	0.0017 ± 0.0005	9e-05 ± 7e-05	32.8 ± 0.8
3.5.0	10100 ± 200	0.0017 ± 0.0003	0.00014 ± 7e-05	32 ± 1
dev	10000 ± 300	0.0017 ± 0.0006	0.00012 ± 9e-05	33 ± 1

Full metrics [sampling interval: 1000]

Full metrics [sampling interval: 1000]

	Sample Rate	Saturation	Error Rate	Sampling Speed
3.4.1	1840 ± 20	0.0001 ± 0.0003	0.0002 ± 0.0003	36.3 ± 0.8
3.5.0	1869 ± 3	0.0001 ± 0.0002	0.0 ± 0.0001	37.1 ± 1.0
dev	1860 ± 20	0.0002 ± 0.0003	0.0002 ± 0.0003	37.4 ± 1.0

Multiprocess wall time [sampling interval: 1]

Multiprocess wall time [sampling interval: 1]

	Sample Rate	Saturation	Error Rate	Sampling Speed
3.4.1	3000 ± 200	1 ± 0	0.00014 ± 2e-05	310 ± 20
3.5.0	3400 ± 200	1 ± 0	0.00014 ± 5e-05	280 ± 10
dev	3400 ± 200	1 ± 0	0.00013 ± 5e-05	280 ± 10

Multiprocess wall time [sampling interval: 10]

Multiprocess wall time [sampling interval: 10]

	Sample Rate	Saturation	Error Rate	Sampling Speed
3.4.1	3100 ± 200	1 ± 0	0.00014 ± 3e-05	300 ± 20
3.5.0	3500 ± 200	1 ± 0	0.00015 ± 4e-05	280 ± 20
dev	3500 ± 200	1 ± 0	0.00015 ± 4e-05	280 ± 10

Multiprocess wall time [sampling interval: 100]

Multiprocess wall time [sampling interval: 100]

	Sample Rate	Saturation	Error Rate	Sampling Speed
3.4.1	3000 ± 200	0.04 ± 0.02	9e-05 ± 3e-05	310 ± 20
3.5.0	3300 ± 200	0.05 ± 0.01	7e-05 ± 3e-05	290 ± 20
dev	3300 ± 200	0.04 ± 0.02	0.00011 ± 3e-05	290 ± 10

Multiprocess wall time [sampling interval: 1000]

Multiprocess wall time [sampling interval: 1000]

	Sample Rate	Saturation	Error Rate	Sampling Speed
3.4.1	2820 ± 100	0.012 ± 0.002	2e-05 ± 2e-05	90 ± 10
3.5.0	3100 ± 100	0.004 ± 0.001	2e-05 ± 2e-05	51 ± 5
dev	3150 ± 80	0.0031 ± 0.0009	1.4e-05 ± 9e-06	47 ± 4

Benchmark Summary

Comparison of dev against 3.5.0.

The following scenarios show a statistically significant difference in performance between the two versions.

	Sample Rate	Saturation	Error Rate	Sampling Speed
Wall time [sampling interval: 1]	🟢	🟡	🟡	🟡
Wall time [sampling interval: 100]	🟡	🟡	🟡	🔴
CPU time [sampling interval: 10]	🟡	🟢	🟡	🟡
CPU time [sampling interval: 100]	🟡	🟡	🟡	🟢
RSA keygen [sampling interval: 100]	🔴	🟡	🔴	🔴
Multiprocess wall time [sampling interval: 100]	🟡	🟡	🔴	🟡