build: add binary hardening compile and link flags (XRPLF#4603)

Enhance security during the build process:

* The '-fstack-protector' flag enables stack protection for preventing
  buffer overflow vulnerabilities. If an attempt is made to overflow the
  buffer, the program will terminate, thus protecting the integrity of
  the stack.
* The '-Wl,-z,relro,-z,now' linker flag enables Read-only Relocations
  (RELRO), a feature that helps harden the binary against certain types
  of exploits, particularly those that involve overwriting the Global
  Offset Table (GOT).
  * This flag is only set for Linux builds, due to compatibility issues
    with apple-clang.
  * The `relro` option makes certain sections of memory read-only after
    initialization to prevent them from being overwritten, while `now`
    ensures that all dynamic symbols are resolved immediately on program
    start, reducing the window of opportunity for attacks.

Builds/CMake/RippledCompiler.cmake

@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ link_libraries (Ripple::common)
 set_target_properties (common
   PROPERTIES INTERFACE_POSITION_INDEPENDENT_CODE ON)
 set(CMAKE_CXX_EXTENSIONS OFF)
-target_compile_features (common INTERFACE cxx_std_17)
 target_compile_definitions (common
   INTERFACE
     $<$<CONFIG:Debug>:DEBUG _DEBUG>
@@ -108,6 +107,7 @@ else ()
       -Wno-char-subscripts
       -Wno-format
       -Wno-unused-local-typedefs
+      -fstack-protector
       $<$<BOOL:${is_gcc}>:
         -Wno-unused-but-set-variable
         -Wno-deprecated
@@ -120,6 +120,7 @@ else ()
   target_link_libraries (common
     INTERFACE
       -rdynamic
+      $<$<BOOL:${is_linux}>:-Wl,-z,relro,-z,now>
       # link to static libc/c++ iff:
       #   * static option set and
       #   * NOT APPLE (AppleClang does not support static libc/c++) and