Auto merge of rust-lang#119133 - scottmcm:assert-unchecked, r=thomcc

Add `hint::assert_unchecked`

Libs-API expressed interest, modulo bikeshedding, in rust-lang/libs-team#315 (comment)

I think that means this is good for nightly, since we can always rename it before stabilization.

Tracking issue: rust-lang#119131

library/core/src/hint.rs

@@ -106,6 +106,54 @@ pub const unsafe fn unreachable_unchecked() -> ! {
     }
 }
 
+/// Makes a *soundness* promise to the compiler that `cond` holds.
+///
+/// This may allow the optimizer to simplify things,
+/// but it might also make the generated code slower.
+/// Either way, calling it will most likely make compilation take longer.
+///
+/// This is a situational tool for micro-optimization, and is allowed to do nothing.
+/// Any use should come with a repeatable benchmark to show the value
+/// and allow removing it later should the optimizer get smarter and no longer need it.
+///
+/// The more complicated the condition the less likely this is to be fruitful.
+/// For example, `assert_unchecked(foo.is_sorted())` is a complex enough value
+/// that the compiler is unlikely to be able to take advantage of it.
+///
+/// There's also no need to `assert_unchecked` basic properties of things.  For
+/// example, the compiler already knows the range of `count_ones`, so there's no
+/// benefit to `let n = u32::count_ones(x); assert_unchecked(n <= u32::BITS);`.
+///
+/// If ever you're tempted to write `assert_unchecked(false)`, then you're
+/// actually looking for [`unreachable_unchecked()`].
+///
+/// You may know this from other places
+/// as [`llvm.assume`](https://llvm.org/docs/LangRef.html#llvm-assume-intrinsic)
+/// or [`__builtin_assume`](https://clang.llvm.org/docs/LanguageExtensions.html#builtin-assume).
+///
+/// This promotes a correctness requirement to a soundness requirement.
+/// Don't do that without very good reason.
+///
+/// # Safety
+///
+/// `cond` must be `true`.  It's immediate UB to call this with `false`.
+///
+#[inline(always)]
+#[doc(alias = "assume")]
+#[track_caller]
+#[unstable(feature = "hint_assert_unchecked", issue = "119131")]
+#[rustc_const_unstable(feature = "const_hint_assert_unchecked", issue = "119131")]
+pub const unsafe fn assert_unchecked(cond: bool) {
+    // SAFETY: The caller promised `cond` is true.
+    unsafe {
+        intrinsics::assert_unsafe_precondition!(
+            "hint::assert_unchecked must never be called when the condition is false",
+            (cond: bool) => cond,
+        );
+        crate::intrinsics::assume(cond);
+    }
+}
+
 /// Emits a machine instruction to signal the processor that it is running in
 /// a busy-wait spin-loop ("spin lock").
 ///

library/core/src/intrinsics.rs

@@ -2534,7 +2534,7 @@ extern "rust-intrinsic" {
 /// the occasional mistake, and this check should help them figure things out.
 #[allow_internal_unstable(const_eval_select)] // permit this to be called in stably-const fn
 macro_rules! assert_unsafe_precondition {
-    ($name:expr, $([$($tt:tt)*])?($($i:ident:$ty:ty),*$(,)?) => $e:expr) => {
+    ($name:expr, $([$($tt:tt)*])?($($i:ident:$ty:ty),*$(,)?) => $e:expr $(,)?) => {
         if cfg!(debug_assertions) {
             // allow non_snake_case to allow capturing const generics
             #[allow(non_snake_case)]

tests/ui/consts/const-assert-unchecked-ub.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+#![feature(hint_assert_unchecked)]
+#![feature(const_hint_assert_unchecked)]
+
+const _: () = unsafe {
+    let n = u32::MAX.count_ones();
+    std::hint::assert_unchecked(n < 32); //~ ERROR evaluation of constant value failed
+};
+
+fn main() {
+}

tests/ui/consts/const-assert-unchecked-ub.stderr

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+error[E0080]: evaluation of constant value failed
+  --> $DIR/const-assert-unchecked-ub.rs:6:5
+   |
+LL |     std::hint::assert_unchecked(n < 32);
+   |     ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ `assume` called with `false`
+
+error: aborting due to 1 previous error
+
+For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0080`.