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...oying/native-aot/ios-like-platforms/creating-and-consuming-custom-frameworks.md
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| --- | ||
| title: Create and consume custom frameworks for iOS-like platforms | ||
| description: How to create and consume custom frameworks with Native AOT for iOS-like platforms | ||
| author: ivanpovazan | ||
| ms.author: ivanpovazan | ||
| ms.date: 11/21/2024 | ||
| --- | ||
|
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| # Create and consume custom frameworks for iOS-like platforms | ||
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| Starting from .NET 9, Native AOT supports publishing .NET class libraries that don't depend on iOS workloads for iOS-like platforms. | ||
| This support enables you to create self-contained native libraries that can be consumed from iOS, Mac Catalyst, and tvOS applications. | ||
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| > [!IMPORTANT] | ||
| > This approach does not come with the built-in Objective-C interoperability support and additional code adaptations might be required (such as marshalling reference type arguments) to achieve interoperability. | ||
| ## Build shared libraries | ||
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| This section describes steps to create a simple .NET Class Library project with NativeAOT support and produce a native library for iOS-like platforms from it. | ||
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| 1. Download .NET 9 SDK | ||
| 2. Create a class library project | ||
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| ```bash | ||
| dotnet new classlib -n "MyNativeAOTLibrary" | ||
| ``` | ||
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| 3. Add the following properties into the project file `MyNativeAOTLibrary.csproj` | ||
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| ```xml | ||
| <PublishAot>true</PublishAot> | ||
| <PublishAotUsingRuntimePack>true</PublishAotUsingRuntimePack> | ||
| ``` | ||
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| 4. Edit the `MyNativeAOTLibrary/Class1.cs` source code to expose a managed method so that it can be referenced from the native code as `aotsample_add`. For example: | ||
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| ```cs | ||
| using System.Runtime.InteropServices; | ||
| namespace NaotLib; | ||
| public class Class1 | ||
| { | ||
| [UnmanagedCallersOnly(EntryPoint = "aotsample_add")] | ||
| public static int Add(int a, int b) | ||
| { | ||
| return a + b; | ||
| } | ||
| } | ||
| ``` | ||
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| 5. Publish the class library and target the desired iOS-like platform by specifying the appropriate runtime identifier (referenced below as `<rid>`): | ||
|
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| ```bash | ||
| dotnet publish -r <rid> MyNativeAOTLibrary/MyNativeAOTLibrary.csproj | ||
| ``` | ||
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| Successful completion of the previous step produces a pair of files: a shared library `MyNativeAOTLibrary.dylib` and its debug symbols `MyNativeAOTLibrary.dylib.dSYM`, which are located at: `MyNativeAOTLibrary/bin/Release/net9.0/<rid>/publish/`. | ||
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| > [!NOTE] | ||
| > For creating universal frameworks, it is required to publish the class library for both `Arm64` and `x64` architectures for a given platform. | ||
| > This means that you need to repeat step 5 with a different runtime identifier. | ||
| > For example, you'd publish the class library with both `maccatalyst-arm64` and `maccatalyst-x64` runtime identifiers as a prerequisite for [Packaging the shared library into a custom MacCatalyst universal framework](#package-the-shared-library-into-a-custom-maccatalyst-universal-framework). | ||
| ## Create and consume a custom framework | ||
| Apple imposes a requirement that shared libraries (.dylibs) need to be packaged into frameworks in order to be consumed from applications. | ||
| This section describes all required steps to achieve this and a simple scenario of a iOS/MacCatalyst application consuming a shared NativeAOT library/framework. | ||
| > [!NOTE] | ||
| > The described steps are just for demonstration purposes. The actual requirements might differ depending on the exact use case. | ||
| ### Package the shared library into custom iOS framework | ||
| 1. Create a framework folder: | ||
| ```bash | ||
| mkdir MyNativeAOTLibrary.framework | ||
| ``` | ||
| 2. Adjust load commands: | ||
| - `LC_RPATH` load command | ||
| ```bash | ||
| install_name_tool -rpath @executable_path @executable_path/Frameworks MyNativeAOTLibrary/bin/Release/net9.0/ios-arm64/publish/MyNativeAOTLibrary.dylib | ||
| ``` | ||
| - `LC_ID_DYLIB` load command | ||
| ```bash | ||
| install_name_tool -id @rpath/MyNativeAOTLibrary.framework/MyNativeAOTLibrary MyNativeAOTLibrary/bin/Release/net9.0/ios-arm64/publish/MyNativeAOTLibrary.dylib | ||
| ``` | ||
| 3. Manually package the binary into a universal file: | ||
| ```bash | ||
| lipo -create MyNativeAOTLibrary/bin/Release/net9.0/ios-arm64/publish/MyNativeAOTLibrary.dylib -output MyNativeAOTLibrary.framework/MyNativeAOTLibrary | ||
| ``` | ||
| 4. Add a property list file to your framework: | ||
| - Create a `Info.plist` file | ||
| ```bash | ||
| touch MyNativeAOTLibrary.framework/Info.plist | ||
| ``` | ||
| - Add the contents from the [appendix](#appendix-infoplist-contents) into the created `Info.plist` file | ||
| After the final step, the framework structure should look like this: | ||
| ``` | ||
| MyNativeAOTLibrary.framework | ||
| |_ MyNativeAOTLibrary | ||
| |_ Info.plist | ||
| ``` | ||
| ### Package the shared library into a custom MacCatalyst universal framework | ||
| Universal frameworks require binaries for both `Arm64` and `x64` architecture. | ||
| For this reason, you must publish native libraries targeting both of the following RIDs beforehand: `maccatalyst-arm64` and `maccatalyst-x64`. | ||
| 1. Create a framework folder structure: | ||
| ```bash | ||
| mkdir -p MyNativeAOTLibrary.framework/Versions/A/Resources | ||
| ln -sfh Versions/Current/MyNativeAOTLibrary MyNativeAOTLibrary.framework/MyNativeAOTLibrary | ||
| ln -sfh Versions/Current/Resources MyNativeAOTLibrary.framework/Resources | ||
| ln -sfh A MyNativeAOTLibrary.framework/Versions/Current | ||
| ``` | ||
| 2. Adjust load commands: | ||
| - `LC_RPATH` load command | ||
| ```bash | ||
| install_name_tool -rpath @executable_path @executable_path/../Frameworks MyNativeAOTLibrary/bin/Release/net9.0/maccatalyst-arm64/publish/MyNativeAOTLibrary.dylib | ||
| install_name_tool -rpath @executable_path @executable_path/../Frameworks MyNativeAOTLibrary/bin/Release/net9.0/maccatalyst-x64/publish/MyNativeAOTLibrary.dylib | ||
| ``` | ||
| - `LC_ID_DYLIB` load command | ||
| ```bash | ||
| install_name_tool -id @rpath/MyNativeAOTLibrary.framework/Versions/A/MyNativeAOTLibrary MyNativeAOTLibrary/bin/Release/net9.0/maccatalyst-arm64/publish/MyNativeAOTLibrary.dylib | ||
| install_name_tool -id @rpath/MyNativeAOTLibrary.framework/Versions/A/MyNativeAOTLibrary MyNativeAOTLibrary/bin/Release/net9.0/maccatalyst-x64/publish/MyNativeAOTLibrary.dylib | ||
| ``` | ||
| 3. Manually package the binary into a universal file: | ||
| ```bash | ||
| lipo -create MyNativeAOTLibrary/bin/Release/net9.0/maccatalyst-arm64/publish/MyNativeAOTLibrary.dylib MyNativeAOTLibrary/bin/Release/net9.0/maccatalyst-x64/publish/MyNativeAOTLibrary.dylib -output MyNativeAOTLibrary.framework/Versions/A/MyNativeAOTLibrary | ||
| ``` | ||
| 4. Add a property list file to your framework: | ||
| - Create a `Info.plist` file | ||
| ```bash | ||
| touch MyNativeAOTLibrary.framework/Versions/A/Resources/Info.plist | ||
| ``` | ||
| - Add the contents from the [appendix](#appendix-infoplist-contents) into the created `Info.plist` file | ||
| After the final step, the framework structure should look like this: | ||
| ``` | ||
| MyNativeAOTLibrary.framework | ||
| |_ MyNativeAOTLibrary -> Versions/Current/MyNativeAOTLibrary | ||
| |_ Resources -> Versions/Current/Resources | ||
| |_ Versions | ||
| |_ A | ||
| | |_ Resources | ||
| | | |_ Info.plist | ||
| | |_ MyNativeAOTLibrary | ||
| |_ Current -> A | ||
| ``` | ||
| ### Consume custom frameworks | ||
| 1. Open `Xcode` (in this example `Xcode 16.0` is used) | ||
| 2. Create a new `App` project | ||
| 3. Choose the name for your app (for example, `MyiOSApp`) and choose Objective-C as the source language | ||
| 4. Add a reference to the `MyNativeAOTLibrary` framework | ||
| - In the `MyiOSApp` targets **General** tab, under **Frameworks, Libraries and Embedded Content**, select **+** to add `MyNativeAOTLibrary` as the referenced framework | ||
| - In the dialog, choose **Add Other** -> **Add Files** and then browse to the location of `MyNativeAOTLibrary.framework` and select it | ||
| - Once selected, set `Embed and Sign` option for `MyNativeAOTLibrary` framework | ||
|  | ||
| 5. Add `MyNativeAOTLibrary.framework` location to the list of **Framework Search Paths** in the **Build Settings** tab | ||
|  | ||
| 6. Edit `main.m` by calling the exposed managed method `aotsample_add` and printing the result | ||
| ```objc | ||
| extern int aotsample_add(int a, int b); | ||
| int main(int argc, char * argv[]) { | ||
| ... | ||
| NSLog(@"2 + 5 = %d", aotsample_add(2, 5)); | ||
| ... | ||
| } | ||
| ``` | ||
| 7. Select your physical iOS device and build/run the app | ||
| 8. Inspect the logs after the app has successfully launched. The app should print out: `2 + 5 = 7` | ||
| > [!NOTE] | ||
| > For MacCatalyst, use the same steps except for step 7, where the Run Destination needs to be set as: `Mac (Mac Catalyst)`. | ||
| ## Build static libraries with NativeAOT for iOS-like platforms | ||
| As described in [building native libraries overview](../libraries.md#building-native-libraries), it's better to build shared libraries over static ones due to several limitations. | ||
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| However, if desired, you can build a static library by following the steps for building a shared one and including an additional property in the project file: | ||
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| ```xml | ||
| <NativeLib>Static</NativeLib> | ||
| ``` | ||
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| After the project has been published, the static library `MyNativeAOTLibrary.a` can be found at: `MyNativeAOTLibrary/bin/Release/net9.0/<rid>/publish`. | ||
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| This article doesn't cover how to consume the static library and configure the consumer project. | ||
| ## Appendix Info.plist contents | ||
| ```xml | ||
| <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> | ||
| <!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd"> | ||
| <plist version="1.0"> | ||
| <dict> | ||
| <key>CFBundleName</key> | ||
| <string>MyNativeAOTLibrary</string> | ||
| <key>CFBundleIdentifier</key> | ||
| <string>com.companyname.MyNativeAOTLibrary</string> | ||
| <key>CFBundleVersion</key> | ||
| <string>1.0</string> | ||
| <key>CFBundleExecutable</key> | ||
| <string>MyNativeAOTLibrary</string> | ||
| <key>CFBundlePackageType</key> | ||
| <string>FMWK</string> | ||
| </dict> | ||
| </plist> | ||
| ``` |
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docs/core/deploying/native-aot/ios-like-platforms/index.md
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| Original file line number | Diff line number | Diff line change |
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| @@ -0,0 +1,48 @@ | ||
| --- | ||
| title: Native AOT support for iOS-like platforms overview | ||
| description: Learn how Native AOT supports iOS-like platforms | ||
| author: ivanpovazan | ||
| ms.author: ivanpovazan | ||
| ms.date: 11/21/2024 | ||
| --- | ||
|
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| # Native AOT support for iOS-like platforms | ||
|
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| Starting from .NET 9, Native AOT supports targeting iOS-like platforms. The term *iOS-like platforms* refers to Apple platforms that use similar APIs such as: iOS, MacCatalyst and tvOS. | ||
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| Based on the use case, the support can be divided into: | ||
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| - support for applications and libraries referencing OS-specific APIs | ||
| - support for applications and libraries without OS-specific API dependencies | ||
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| ## Support for applications and libraries referencing OS-specific APIs | ||
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| This refers to .NET MAUI projects targeting OS-specific target frameworks (like: `net9.0-ios`). | ||
| How Native AOT can be enabled for .NET MAUI apps, see [Native AOT deployment on iOS and Mac Catalyst](/dotnet/maui/deployment/nativeaot). | ||
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| ## Support for applications and libraries without OS-specific API dependencies | ||
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| This refers to .NET projects targeting the general or non-OS-specific target framework (like: `net9.0`), for which Native AOT can be enabled in the following way: | ||
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| 1. Include the following properties in your project file: | ||
|
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| ```xml | ||
| <PublishAot>true</PublishAot> | ||
| <PublishAotUsingRuntimePack>true</PublishAotUsingRuntimePack> | ||
| ``` | ||
|
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| 2. Publish the project for the desired iOS-like target platform by specifying adequate runtime identifier (later referred to as `<rid>`): | ||
|
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| - `ios-arm64`, for iOS physical devices | ||
| - `iossimulator-arm64` or `iossimulator-x64`, for iOS simulators | ||
| - `maccatalyst-arm64` or `maccatalyst-x64`, for Mac Catalyst | ||
| - `tvos-arm64`, for tvOS physical devices | ||
| - `tvossimulator-arm64` or `tvossimulator-x64`, for tvOS simulators | ||
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| and execute the following command: | ||
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| ``` | ||
| dotnet publish -r <rid> | ||
| ``` | ||
|
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| For specifics of building and consuming native libraries on iOS-like platforms, see [How to create and consume custom frameworks with Native AOT for iOS-like platforms](./creating-and-consuming-custom-frameworks.md). |
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