Add UseExceptionThrowHelpers analyzer/fixer

[stephentoub]

Flags patterns involving guarded construction of:

• ArgumentNullException
• ArgumentException
• ArgumentOutOfRangeException
• ObjectDisposedException

that can be replaced with:

• ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull
• ArgumentException.ThrowIfNullOrEmpty
• ArgumentOutOfRangeException.ThrowIfZero
• ArgumentOutOfRangeException.ThrowIfNegative
• ArgumentOutOfRangeException.ThrowIfNegativeOrZero
• ArgumentOutOfRangeException.ThrowIfGreaterThan
• ArgumentOutOfRangeException.ThrowIfGreaterThanOrEqual
• ArgumentOutOfRangeException.ThrowIfLessThan
• ArgumentOutOfRangeException.ThrowIfLessThanOrEqual
• ObjectDisposedException.ThrowIf

For now I have a different diagnostic ID per exception type, but we can either increase or decrease the number (e.g. one all-up, one per method, etc.) We can add additional throw helpers to the analyzer/fixer as we add more. The Argument{Null}Exception and ObjectDisposedException helpers shipped in previous .NET releases; the ArgumentOutOfRangeException helpers are being added in dotnet/runtime#78222 from @hrrrrustic.

I've also trended towards preferring false negatives over false positives, so for example if the analyzer detects any "meaningful" additional arguments (e.g. an inner exception) being passed in, it doesn't warn.

There's also a fixer included. It's capable of fixing all flagged call sites with the exception of some ObjectDisposedException uses. It'll fix new ObjectDisposedException(GetType().Name) for example, but it won't fix new ObjectDisposedException("something") as it won't know what Type/object to pass in as the thing being disposed of.

Fixes dotnet/runtime#68326
cc: @buyaa-n, @mavasani, @Youssef1313 for review
cc: @bartonjs, @terrajobst in case you have feedback/opinions on diagnostic ID usage

[Youssef1313]

LGTM

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Merging #6293 (26295b4) into main (9b58ec3) will increase coverage by 0.01%.
The diff coverage is 98.75%.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #6293      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   96.06%   96.07%   +0.01%     
==========================================
  Files        1364     1367       +3     
  Lines      313717   315337    +1620     
  Branches    10125    10187      +62     
==========================================
+ Hits       301357   302961    +1604     
- Misses       9939     9943       +4     
- Partials     2421     2433      +12     

[buyaa-n]

LGTM, thanks, 👍 for the code comments

[stephentoub]

Thanks for the reviews.