Upgrade dskit to remove direct dependency on weaveworks/common

[charleskorn]

This PR upgrades dskit and replaces use of packages from weaveworks/common with their migrated equivalents in dskit. See grafana/dskit#342 for more details.

Note that there is still an indirect dependency on weaveworks/common through the use of github.com/grafana/mimir/pkg/storegateway in pkg/querier. This will be resolved by upgrading the dependency on Mimir once grafana/mimir#5672 is merged.

If this PR needs to be rebuilt, I used rewrite.sh (source) to generate most of these changes.

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[simonswine]

Thanks for updating. LGTM