core/vm: implement EIP-3860: Limit and meter initcode (ethereum#23847)

core/bench_test.go

@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ func genValueTx(nbytes int) func(int, *BlockGen) {
 	return func(i int, gen *BlockGen) {
 		toaddr := common.Address{}
 		data := make([]byte, nbytes)
-		gas, _ := IntrinsicGas(data, nil, false, false)
+		gas, _ := IntrinsicGas(data, nil, false, false, false)
 		tx, _ := types.SignTx(types.NewTransaction(gen.TxNonce(benchRootAddr), toaddr, big.NewInt(1), gas, nil, data), types.HomesteadSigner{}, benchRootKey)
 		gen.AddTx(tx)
 	}

core/error.go

@@ -45,6 +45,10 @@ var (
 	// by a transaction is higher than what's left in the block.
 	ErrGasLimitReached = errors.New("gas limit reached")
 
+	// ErrMaxInitCodeSizeExceeded is returned if creation transaction provides the init code bigger
+	// than init code size limit.
+	ErrMaxInitCodeSizeExceeded = errors.New("max initcode size exceeded")
+
 	// ErrInsufficientFunds is returned if the total cost of executing a transaction
 	// is higher than the balance of the user's account.
 	ErrInsufficientFunds = errors.New("insufficient funds for gas * price + value")

core/state_transition.go

@@ -90,16 +90,17 @@ type Message interface {
 }
 
 // IntrinsicGas computes the 'intrinsic gas' for a message with the given data.
-func IntrinsicGas(data []byte, accessList types.AccessList, isContractCreation, isHomestead bool) (uint64, error) {
+func IntrinsicGas(data []byte, accessList types.AccessList, isContractCreation, isHomestead bool, isEIP3860 bool) (uint64, error) {
 	// Set the starting gas for the raw transaction
 	var gas uint64
 	if isContractCreation && isHomestead {
 		gas = params.TxGasContractCreation
 	} else {
 		gas = params.TxGas
 	}
+	dataLen := uint64(len(data))
 	// Bump the required gas by the amount of transactional data
-	if len(data) > 0 {
+	if dataLen > 0 {
 		// Zero and non-zero bytes are priced differently
 		var nz uint64
 		for _, byt := range data {
@@ -113,11 +114,19 @@ func IntrinsicGas(data []byte, accessList types.AccessList, isContractCreation,
 		}
 		gas += nz * params.TxDataNonZeroGas
 
-		z := uint64(len(data)) - nz
+		z := dataLen - nz
 		if (math.MaxUint64-gas)/params.TxDataZeroGas < z {
 			return 0, ErrGasUintOverflow
 		}
 		gas += z * params.TxDataZeroGas
+
+		if isContractCreation && isEIP3860 {
+			lenWords := toWordSize(dataLen)
+			if (math.MaxUint64-gas)/params.InitCodeWordGas < lenWords {
+				return 0, ErrGasUintOverflow
+			}
+			gas += lenWords * params.InitCodeWordGas
+		}
 	}
 	if accessList != nil {
 		gas += uint64(len(accessList)) * params.TxAccessListAddressGas
@@ -126,6 +135,15 @@ func IntrinsicGas(data []byte, accessList types.AccessList, isContractCreation,
 	return gas, nil
 }
 
+// toWordSize returns the ceiled word size required for init code payment calculation.
+func toWordSize(size uint64) uint64 {
+	if size > math.MaxUint64-31 {
+		return math.MaxUint64/32 + 1
+	}
+
+	return (size + 31) / 32
+}
+
 // NewStateTransition initialises and returns a new state transition object.
 func NewStateTransition(evm *vm.EVM, msg Message, gp *GasPool) *StateTransition {
 	return &StateTransition{
@@ -265,14 +283,18 @@ func (st *StateTransition) TransitionDb(owner common.Address) (ret []byte, usedG
 	if err = st.preCheck(); err != nil {
 		return nil, 0, false, err, nil
 	}
-	msg := st.msg
-	sender := st.from() // err checked in preCheck
-	homestead := st.evm.ChainConfig().IsHomestead(st.evm.BlockNumber)
-	eip3529 := st.evm.ChainConfig().IsEIP1559(st.evm.Context.BlockNumber)
-	contractCreation := msg.To() == nil
+
+	var (
+		msg              = st.msg
+		sender           = st.from() // err checked in preCheck
+		rules            = st.evm.ChainConfig().Rules(st.evm.Context.BlockNumber)
+		homestead        = st.evm.ChainConfig().IsHomestead(st.evm.BlockNumber)
+		eip3529          = st.evm.ChainConfig().IsEIP1559(st.evm.Context.BlockNumber)
+		contractCreation = msg.To() == nil
+	)
 
 	// Check clauses 4-5, subtract intrinsic gas if everything is correct
-	gas, err := IntrinsicGas(st.data, st.msg.AccessList(), contractCreation, homestead)
+	gas, err := IntrinsicGas(st.data, st.msg.AccessList(), contractCreation, homestead, rules.IsShanghai)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, 0, false, err, nil
 	}
@@ -281,7 +303,12 @@ func (st *StateTransition) TransitionDb(owner common.Address) (ret []byte, usedG
 	}
 	st.gas -= gas
 
-	if rules := st.evm.ChainConfig().Rules(st.evm.Context.BlockNumber); rules.IsEIP1559 {
+	// Check whether the init code size has been exceeded.
+	if rules.IsEIP1559 && contractCreation && len(st.data) > params.MaxInitCodeSize {
+		return nil, 0, false, fmt.Errorf("%w: code size %v limit %v", ErrMaxInitCodeSizeExceeded, len(st.data), params.MaxInitCodeSize), nil
+	}
+
+	if rules.IsEIP1559 {
 		st.state.PrepareAccessList(msg.From(), msg.To(), vm.ActivePrecompiles(rules), msg.AccessList())
 	}
 

core/txpool/txpool.go

@@ -702,7 +702,7 @@ func (pool *TxPool) validateTx(tx *types.Transaction, local bool) error {
 
 	if tx.To() == nil || (tx.To() != nil && !tx.IsSpecialTransaction()) {
 		// Ensure the transaction has more gas than the basic tx fee.
-		intrGas, err := core.IntrinsicGas(tx.Data(), tx.AccessList(), tx.To() == nil, true)
+		intrGas, err := core.IntrinsicGas(tx.Data(), tx.AccessList(), tx.To() == nil, true, pool.eip1559)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}

core/vm/eips.go

@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ import (
 
 var activators = map[int]func(*JumpTable){
 	3855: enable3855,
+	3860: enable3860,
 	3529: enable3529,
 	3198: enable3198,
 	2929: enable2929,
@@ -179,3 +180,10 @@ func opPush0(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, callContext *ScopeContext)
 	callContext.Stack.push(new(uint256.Int))
 	return nil, nil
 }
+
+// ebnable3860 enables "EIP-3860: Limit and meter initcode"
+// https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-3860
+func enable3860(jt *JumpTable) {
+	jt[CREATE].dynamicGas = gasCreateEip3860
+	jt[CREATE2].dynamicGas = gasCreate2Eip3860
+}

core/vm/errors.go

@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ var (
 	ErrInsufficientBalance      = errors.New("insufficient balance for transfer")
 	ErrContractAddressCollision = errors.New("contract address collision")
 	ErrExecutionReverted        = errors.New("execution reverted")
+	ErrMaxInitCodeSizeExceeded  = errors.New("max initcode size exceeded")
 	ErrMaxCodeSizeExceeded      = errors.New("max code size exceeded")
 	ErrInvalidJump              = errors.New("invalid jump destination")
 	ErrWriteProtection          = errors.New("write protection")

core/vm/gas_table.go

@@ -163,19 +163,19 @@ func gasSStore(evm *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySi
 	return params.NetSstoreDirtyGas, nil
 }
 
-// 0. If *gasleft* is less than or equal to 2300, fail the current call.
-// 1. If current value equals new value (this is a no-op), SLOAD_GAS is deducted.
-// 2. If current value does not equal new value:
-//   2.1. If original value equals current value (this storage slot has not been changed by the current execution context):
+//  0. If *gasleft* is less than or equal to 2300, fail the current call.
+//  1. If current value equals new value (this is a no-op), SLOAD_GAS is deducted.
+//  2. If current value does not equal new value:
+//     2.1. If original value equals current value (this storage slot has not been changed by the current execution context):
 //     2.1.1. If original value is 0, SSTORE_SET_GAS (20K) gas is deducted.
 //     2.1.2. Otherwise, SSTORE_RESET_GAS gas is deducted. If new value is 0, add SSTORE_CLEARS_SCHEDULE to refund counter.
-//   2.2. If original value does not equal current value (this storage slot is dirty), SLOAD_GAS gas is deducted. Apply both of the following clauses:
+//     2.2. If original value does not equal current value (this storage slot is dirty), SLOAD_GAS gas is deducted. Apply both of the following clauses:
 //     2.2.1. If original value is not 0:
-//       2.2.1.1. If current value is 0 (also means that new value is not 0), subtract SSTORE_CLEARS_SCHEDULE gas from refund counter.
-//       2.2.1.2. If new value is 0 (also means that current value is not 0), add SSTORE_CLEARS_SCHEDULE gas to refund counter.
+//     2.2.1.1. If current value is 0 (also means that new value is not 0), subtract SSTORE_CLEARS_SCHEDULE gas from refund counter.
+//     2.2.1.2. If new value is 0 (also means that current value is not 0), add SSTORE_CLEARS_SCHEDULE gas to refund counter.
 //     2.2.2. If original value equals new value (this storage slot is reset):
-//       2.2.2.1. If original value is 0, add SSTORE_SET_GAS - SLOAD_GAS to refund counter.
-//       2.2.2.2. Otherwise, add SSTORE_RESET_GAS - SLOAD_GAS gas to refund counter.
+//     2.2.2.1. If original value is 0, add SSTORE_SET_GAS - SLOAD_GAS to refund counter.
+//     2.2.2.2. Otherwise, add SSTORE_RESET_GAS - SLOAD_GAS gas to refund counter.
 func gasSStoreEIP2200(evm *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySize uint64) (uint64, error) {
 	// If we fail the minimum gas availability invariant, fail (0)
 	if contract.Gas <= params.SstoreSentryGasEIP2200 {
@@ -300,6 +300,40 @@ func gasCreate2(evm *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memoryS
 	return gas, nil
 }
 
+func gasCreateEip3860(evm *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySize uint64) (uint64, error) {
+	gas, err := memoryGasCost(mem, memorySize)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	size, overflow := stack.Back(2).Uint64WithOverflow()
+	if overflow || size > params.MaxInitCodeSize {
+		return 0, ErrGasUintOverflow
+	}
+	// Since size <= params.MaxInitCodeSize, these multiplication cannot overflow
+	moreGas := params.InitCodeWordGas * ((size + 31) / 32)
+	if gas, overflow = math.SafeAdd(gas, moreGas); overflow {
+		return 0, ErrGasUintOverflow
+	}
+	return gas, nil
+}
+
+func gasCreate2Eip3860(evm *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySize uint64) (uint64, error) {
+	gas, err := memoryGasCost(mem, memorySize)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	size, overflow := stack.Back(2).Uint64WithOverflow()
+	if overflow || size > params.MaxInitCodeSize {
+		return 0, ErrGasUintOverflow
+	}
+	// Since size <= params.MaxInitCodeSize, these multiplication cannot overflow
+	moreGas := (params.InitCodeWordGas + params.Keccak256WordGas) * ((size + 31) / 32)
+	if gas, overflow = math.SafeAdd(gas, moreGas); overflow {
+		return 0, ErrGasUintOverflow
+	}
+	return gas, nil
+}
+
 func gasExpFrontier(evm *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySize uint64) (uint64, error) {
 	expByteLen := uint64((stack.data[stack.len()-2].BitLen() + 7) / 8)
 

core/vm/gas_table_test.go

@@ -17,8 +17,10 @@
 package vm
 
 import (
+	"bytes"
 	"math"
 	"math/big"
+	"sort"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/XinFinOrg/XDPoSChain/core/rawdb"
@@ -106,3 +108,72 @@ func TestEIP2200(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	}
 }
+
+var createGasTests = []struct {
+	code       string
+	eip3860    bool
+	gasUsed    uint64
+	minimumGas uint64
+}{
+	// legacy create(0, 0, 0xc000) without 3860 used
+	{"0x61C00060006000f0" + "600052" + "60206000F3", false, 41237, 41237},
+	// legacy create(0, 0, 0xc000) _with_ 3860
+	{"0x61C00060006000f0" + "600052" + "60206000F3", true, 44309, 44309},
+	// create2(0, 0, 0xc001, 0) without 3860
+	{"0x600061C00160006000f5" + "600052" + "60206000F3", false, 50471, 100_000},
+	// create2(0, 0, 0xc001, 0) (too large), with 3860
+	{"0x600061C00160006000f5" + "600052" + "60206000F3", true, 32012, 100_000},
+	// create2(0, 0, 0xc000, 0)
+	// This case is trying to deploy code at (within) the limit
+	{"0x600061C00060006000f5" + "600052" + "60206000F3", true, 53528, 100_000},
+	// create2(0, 0, 0xc001, 0)
+	// This case is trying to deploy code exceeding the limit
+	{"0x600061C00160006000f5" + "600052" + "60206000F3", true, 32024, 100_000}}
+
+func TestCreateGas(t *testing.T) {
+	for i, tt := range createGasTests {
+		var gasUsed = uint64(0)
+		doCheck := func(testGas int) bool {
+			address := common.BytesToAddress([]byte("contract"))
+			statedb, _ := state.New(common.Hash{}, state.NewDatabase(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase()))
+			statedb.CreateAccount(address)
+			statedb.SetCode(address, hexutil.MustDecode(tt.code))
+			statedb.Finalise(true)
+			vmctx := Context{
+				CanTransfer: func(StateDB, common.Address, *big.Int) bool { return true },
+				Transfer:    func(StateDB, common.Address, common.Address, *big.Int) {},
+				BlockNumber: big.NewInt(0),
+			}
+			config := Config{}
+			if tt.eip3860 {
+				config.ExtraEips = []int{3860}
+			}
+
+			vmenv := NewEVM(vmctx, statedb, nil, params.AllEthashProtocolChanges, config)
+			var startGas = uint64(testGas)
+			ret, gas, err := vmenv.Call(AccountRef(common.Address{}), address, nil, startGas, new(big.Int))
+			if err != nil {
+				return false
+			}
+			gasUsed = startGas - gas
+			if len(ret) != 32 {
+				t.Fatalf("test %d: expected 32 bytes returned, have %d", i, len(ret))
+			}
+			if bytes.Equal(ret, make([]byte, 32)) {
+				// Failure
+				return false
+			}
+			return true
+		}
+		minGas := sort.Search(100_000, doCheck)
+		if uint64(minGas) != tt.minimumGas {
+			t.Fatalf("test %d: min gas error, want %d, have %d", i, tt.minimumGas, minGas)
+		}
+		// If the deployment succeeded, we also check the gas used
+		if minGas < 100_000 {
+			if gasUsed != tt.gasUsed {
+				t.Errorf("test %d: gas used mismatch: have %v, want %v", i, gasUsed, tt.gasUsed)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

core/vm/instructions.go

@@ -640,7 +640,6 @@ func opCreate2(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, scope *ScopeContext) ([]
 		input        = scope.Memory.GetCopy(int64(offset.Uint64()), int64(size.Uint64()))
 		gas          = scope.Contract.Gas
 	)
-
 	// Apply EIP150
 	gas -= gas / 64
 	scope.Contract.UseGas(gas)

core/vm/jump_table.go

@@ -64,6 +64,7 @@ func newEip1559InstructionSet() JumpTable {
 	instructionSet := newShanghaiInstructionSet()
 	enable2929(&instructionSet) // Gas cost increases for state access opcodes https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2929
 	enable3529(&instructionSet) // EIP-3529: Reduction in refunds https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-3529
+	enable3860(&instructionSet) // Limit and meter initcode
 	return instructionSet
 }
 

eth/tracers/tracer.go

@@ -682,9 +682,10 @@ func (jst *JsTracer) CaptureStart(env *vm.EVM, from common.Address, to common.Ad
 
 	// Compute intrinsic gas
 	isHomestead := env.ChainConfig().IsHomestead(env.Context.BlockNumber)
+	isEIP1559 := env.ChainConfig().IsEIP1559(env.Context.BlockNumber)
 	// after update core.IntrinsicGas, use isIstanbul in it
 	// isIstanbul := env.ChainConfig().IsIstanbul(env.Context.BlockNumber)
-	intrinsicGas, err := core.IntrinsicGas(input, nil, jst.ctx["type"] == "CREATE", isHomestead)
+	intrinsicGas, err := core.IntrinsicGas(input, nil, jst.ctx["type"] == "CREATE", isHomestead, isEIP1559)
 	if err != nil {
 		return
 	}

light/txpool.go

@@ -69,6 +69,7 @@ type TxPool struct {
 
 	homestead bool
 	eip2718   bool // Fork indicator whether we are in the eip2718 stage.
+	eip1559   bool // Fork indicator whether we are in the eip1559 stage.
 }
 
 // TxRelayBackend provides an interface to the mechanism that forwards transacions
@@ -317,6 +318,7 @@ func (pool *TxPool) setNewHead(head *types.Header) {
 	next := new(big.Int).Add(head.Number, big.NewInt(1))
 	pool.homestead = pool.config.IsHomestead(head.Number)
 	pool.eip2718 = pool.config.IsEIP1559(next)
+	pool.eip1559 = pool.config.IsEIP1559(next)
 }
 
 // Stop stops the light transaction pool
@@ -408,7 +410,7 @@ func (pool *TxPool) validateTx(ctx context.Context, tx *types.Transaction) error
 	}
 
 	// Should supply enough intrinsic gas
-	gas, err := core.IntrinsicGas(tx.Data(), tx.AccessList(), tx.To() == nil, pool.homestead)
+	gas, err := core.IntrinsicGas(tx.Data(), tx.AccessList(), tx.To() == nil, pool.homestead, pool.eip1559)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}

params/protocol_params.go

@@ -42,8 +42,10 @@ const (
 	LogDataGas            uint64 = 8     // Per byte in a LOG* operation's data.
 	CallStipend           uint64 = 2300  // Free gas given at beginning of call.
 
-	Keccak256Gas     uint64 = 30    // Once per KECCAK256 operation.
-	Keccak256WordGas uint64 = 6     // Once per word of the KECCAK256 operation's data.
+	Keccak256Gas     uint64 = 30 // Once per KECCAK256 operation.
+	Keccak256WordGas uint64 = 6  // Once per word of the KECCAK256 operation's data.
+	InitCodeWordGas  uint64 = 2  // Once per word of the init code when creating a contract.
+
 	SstoreResetGas   uint64 = 5000  // Once per SSTORE operation if the zeroness changes from zero.
 	SstoreClearGas   uint64 = 5000  // Once per SSTORE operation if the zeroness doesn't change.
 	SstoreRefundGas  uint64 = 15000 // Once per SSTORE operation if the zeroness changes to zero.
@@ -69,7 +71,8 @@ const (
 
 	InitialBaseFee = 12500000000 // Initial base fee for EIP-1559 blocks.
 
-	MaxCodeSize = 24576 // Maximum bytecode to permit for a contract
+	MaxCodeSize     = 24576           // Maximum bytecode to permit for a contract
+	MaxInitCodeSize = 2 * MaxCodeSize // Maximum initcode to permit in a creation transaction and create instructions
 
 	// Precompiled contract gas prices