Code Challenge

You are tasked with creating a simple Ruby application that simulates a basic API for managing a collection of books.

Model design:

• title (string, required)
• author (string, required)
• publication_date (datetime, required)
• rating (integer, optional, default 0 - range 0 to 5)
• status (string, optional, enum with values: :available, :checked_out, :reserved; default: available)

Books Management api:

• Create a new book: with parameters title, author, and publication_date.
• List Books: Sort books by rating (high first) and then by publication date (soonest first).
• Update Book: Allows updating of status, and rating.
• Delete Book: Permanently removes a book from the collection.
• Find Book by ID: Retrieve detailed information about a specific book by its ID.

Background Job (Bonus points):

Status Change Notification

• When the status of a book is changed (e.g., from available to checked_out), immediately log a notification to the console, informing them about the status update. example: Book status changed: 'Sample Book' is now 'checked_out'.
• Use a background job (with ActiveJob and Sidekiq or Resque) to handle email sending asynchronously.

Unit Tests:

Write unit tests for all models, controllers, and background jobs (if apply). Ensure tests for edge cases:

• Book creation with missing required fields.
• Book creation with a published_date set in the future.
• Status transitions (e.g., available → checked_out).
• Sorting by rating and published_date.
• Background job enqueuing (if apply).

Requirements

• For storing the data you can use either an in-memory data structure (like an array or hash) or a loca DB.

Constraints

• The challenge should be completed in 30-40 minutes.
• You may use any Ruby version that you are comfortable with.
• Clone and commit directly to main (DO NOT FORK).
• AI tools are NOT allowed (copilot, chatgpt, etc).