chore: Upgrade the base runtime version (CPython: 3.11.6 -> 3.12.2)

[achimnol]

resolves #1768.

Highlights of the Python 3.12 new features:

... though we will be able to use them for PRs that won't be backported to 23.09.

• https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.12.html

Changes

• chore: Upgrade the base runtime version (CPython: 3.11.6 -> 3.12.2)
• chore(deps): Update krunner-static-gnu (4.1.1 -> 4.2.0)
• chore(deps): Update krunner-alpine (5.1.0 -> 5.2.0)
• chore(deps): Upgrade uvloop (0.17 -> 0.19)
• chore(deps): Remove async-timeout from the krunner's dependencies and upgrade other dependencies to the latests
• fix(pants-plugin): Fix scie build to use the latest indygreg build

Notice for fellow developers

After checking out the main branch once merged, run:

pyenv install 3.12.2  # you may need to update pyenv as well
# optionally: CONFIGURE_OPTS=--enable-optimizations pyenv install 3.12.2
pants export --resolve=python-default --resolve=python-kernel --resolve=mypy --resolve=ruff --resolve=pytest --resolve=towncrier

and update any editor-specific paths referring the exported virtualenvs, such as .vim/coc-settings.json or local VSCode configurations.
(e.g., dist/export/python/virtualenvs/mypy/3.11.6/bin/mypy → dist/export/python/virtualenvs/mypy/3.12.2/bin/mypy)

Note

We also need to update tools/pants-plugins/scie/config.py's date version of the indygreg build to let our scie-based executable distributions use the latest versions of each Python major releases, as in e1f7a6d.

Checklist: (if applicable)

• Milestone metadata specifying the target backport version
• feat: Upgrade the base Python version (3.11.1 -> 3.12.2) backend.ai-krunner-static-gnu#6
• feat: Upgrade the base Python to 3.12.2 backend.ai-krunner-alpine#4

[achimnol]

I'm going to update https://github.com/lablup/backend.ai-krunner-static-gnu/ as well.

[achimnol]

Confirmed working of query-mode code execution (backend.ai run -c ...) that involves the new krunner volumes and service ports (ttyd, jupyterlab) using the cr.backend.ai/multiarch/python:3.9-ubuntu20.04 image on linux-aarch64.