No more use of unordered reactions in federated programs; fix for deadlocks in some federated programs

[arengarajan99]

The current runtime support for federated execution relies on a set of blocking unordered "control reactions" for each input port that to block the handling of reactions until the required port statuses are known. The drawbacks of this design are discussed in Rengarajan 2023, along with a solution that no longer relies on the use of blocking unordered reactions. This PR implements that solution.

This work was initiated by @arengarajan99 and completed by @petervdonovan and @byeong-gil.

Companion PRs

• No more use of unordered reactions in federated programs reactor-c#191
• NetworkSender and NetworkSender classes for new federated execution scheme reactor-ts#186

Tasks completed

• Use a less hacky mechanism for marking ports that receive from delayed connections as not part of the MLAA calculation (@petervdonovan)
• Find dead/unnecessary code in the code generator and delete it (split this into sub-tasks as needed) (the CodeCov reports may help with this)
• Pass the other C tests besides the C federated tests
• Ensure IntelliJ does not emit warnings related to the code that is touched by this and the other related PRs
• Get this branch up to date with master (@petervdonovan)
• Check that this also works for the Python target (@petervdonovan)
• Factor C-specific code out of FedASTUtils and into CExtension or CExtensionUtils (@petervdonovan)
• Get all tests in reactor-c to pass (@petervdonovan)
• Get the TypeScript runtime to be compatible with this branch (@byeong-gil)
• Get the Python tests to pass (before fixing the Python tests) (@arengarajan99)
• Fix the broken C tests and check that they still pass See Update level assignment algorithm #1865 (comment) (EDIT: This was explained by Edward here and has since been properly addressed.)
• Fix the broken Python tests and check that they still pass or that they are at least not regressing wrt master (@petervdonovan)
• Check that all code added has JavaDoc (@petervdonovan)
• Everywhere rename outputControlReaction -> portAbsentReaction
• Do not require lots of threads to be available in order to correctly execute federated programs
• Find dead/unnecessary code in the C runtime and delete it

For remaining non-required tasks, see: #1922

Fixes #1708.

[petervdonovan]

@lhstrh I anticipate that the tests will pass now (they pass locally and have been passing in recent commits). I know that this has been marked "ready for review" for some time just to trigger CI, but now I have cleaned it up and believe it is truly ready for review.

[lhstrh]

I am only able to spot check this PR because it is so large, but my impression is that this yielded significant improvement in overall code quality with the many fixes and refactoring steps carried out in this effort. Thank you a ton, @petervdonovan and @byeong-gil, for bringing this to the finish line. Considering all the troubles you encountered on the way, I'm thoroughly impressed that you managed to get all the tests to pass! Congrats on reaching this milestone, everyone!