Spring Cloud Gateway是Spring Cloud官方推出的第二代网关框架,取代Zuul网关。网关作为流量的,在微服务系统中有着非常作用,网关常见的功能有路由转发、权限校验、限流控制等作用。
项目 | 端口 | 描述 |
---|---|---|
eureka-server | 8761 | 服务的注册与发现 |
service-one | 8081 | 服务 |
gateway-client | 8080 | 网关 gateway |
eureka-server项目非常简单 引入
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
</dependency>
启动类里面
@EnableEurekaServer
@SpringBootApplication
public class EurekaServerApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(EurekaServerApplication.class, args);
}
}
配置文件
spring:
application:
name: eureka-server
server:
port: 8761
eureka:
instance:
hostname: localhostname
client:
fetch-registry: false
register-with-eureka: false
service-url:
defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
搭建非常简单,添加依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
启动类里面
@EnableEurekaClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class ServiceOneApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(ServiceOneApplication.class, args);
}
}
配置文件
spring:
application:
name: service-one
server:
port: 8081
eureka:
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
创建类控制器 UserController,http://localhost:8081/user/who
@RequestMapping("/user")
@RestController
public class UserController {
@RequestMapping("who")
public String who() {
return "my name is liangwang";
}
}
创建类控制器OrderController,http://localhost:8081/order/info
@RequestMapping("/order")
@RestController
public class OrderController {
@RequestMapping("/info")
public String orderInfo() {
return "order info date : " + new Date().toString();
}
}
使用的是Finchley.SR2版本的,其中已经包含了 spring-boot-starter-webflux
添加依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-gateway</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
使用RouteLocator的Bean进行路由转发,将请求进行处理,最后转发到目标的下游服务
@SpringBootApplication
public class GatewayClientApplication {
@Value("${test.uri}")
private String uri;
@Bean
public RouteLocator customRouteLocator(RouteLocatorBuilder builder) {
return builder.routes()
//basic proxy
.route(r -> r.path("/order/**")
.uri(uri)
).build();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(GatewayClientApplication.class, args);
}
}
使用配置文件 application.yml
test:
uri: lb://service-one
spring:
application:
name: gateway-client
cloud:
gateway:
routes:
- id: route_service_one
uri: ${test.uri} # uri以lb://开头(lb代表从注册中心获取服务),后面接的就是你需要转发到的服务名称
predicates:
- Path=/user/**
server:
port: 8080
logging:
level:
org.springframework.cloud.gateway: TRACE
org.springframework.http.server.reactive: DEBUG
org.springframework.web.reactive: DEBUG
reactor.ipc.netty: DEBUG
eureka:
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
instance:
prefer-ip-address: true
其中test.uri是我自定义的属性,uri以lb://开头(lb代表从注册中心获取服务),后面接的就是你需要转发到的服务名称,按照上面的配置是http://localhost:8080/usr/** => http://service-one:8081/user/** 到此项目搭建完成,接下来测试了,依次启动eureka-server、service-one、gateway-client 访问
即使集成了eureka-client也不想使用注册中心服务,可以关闭
eureka.client.enabled=false
按照上面的配置,每一个路由只能对应一个控制器的转发,不够灵活,假如我想让userapi的请求都转到service-one服务,比如:
- http://localhost:8080/userapi/user/who => http://localhost:8081/user/who
- http://localhost:8080/userapi/order/info => http://localhost:8081/order/info
在路由配置上增加
StripPrefix=1
spring:
application:
name: gateway-client
cloud:
gateway:
routes:
- id: route_service_one
uri: ${test.uri} # uri以lb://开头(lb代表从注册中心获取服务),后面接的就是你需要转发到的服务名称
predicates:
- Path=/userapi/**
filters:
- StripPrefix=1 # 表示在转发时去掉userapi
在gateway-client项目中引入依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId>
</dependency>
在spring cloud gateway中可以使用Hystrix。Hystrix是 spring cloud中一个服务熔断降级的组件,在微服务系统有着十分重要的作用。 Hystrix是 spring cloud gateway中是以filter的形式使用的,代码如下:
@SpringBootApplication
public class GatewayClientApplication {
@Value("${test.uri}")
private String uri;
@Bean
public RouteLocator customRouteLocator(RouteLocatorBuilder builder) {
return builder.routes()
//basic proxy
.route(r -> r.path("/order/**")
.uri(uri)
)
.route(r -> r.path("/user/**")
.filters(f -> f
.hystrix(config -> config
.setName("myserviceOne")
.setFallbackUri("forward:/user/fallback")))
.uri(uri)).build();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(GatewayClientApplication.class, args);
}
}
上面代码中添加了一个路由并配置了hystrix的fallbackUri,新添加一个FallBackController控制器
@RestController
public class FallBackController {
@RequestMapping("/user/fallback")
public Mono<String> fallback() {
return Mono.just("service error, jump fallback");
}
}
重启gateway-client项目,并关闭service-one服务,在浏览器访问 http://localhost:8080/user/who
使用yml配置Hystrix
spring:
application:
name: gateway-client
cloud:
gateway:
routes:
- id: route_service_one
uri: ${test.uri} # uri以lb://开头(lb代表从注册中心获取服务),后面接的就是你需要转发到的服务名称
predicates:
- Path=/userapi/**
filters:
- StripPrefix=1 # 表示在转发时去掉userapi
- id: userapi2_route
uri: ${test.uri}
predicates:
- Path=/userapi2/**
filters:
- StripPrefix=1
- name: Hystrix
args:
name: myfallbackcmd
fallbackUri: forward:/user/fallback
在配置中增加了一个新的路由userapi2_route,还配置了Hystrix,当发生错误时会转发到fallbackUri,测试访问 http://localhost:8080/userapi2/order/info
reference Hystrix wiki
Spring Cloud Gateway
Redis RateLimiter
转载他人的写好的Redis RateLimiter实现