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Spring Cloud Gateway是Spring Cloud官方推出的第二代网关框架,取代Zuul网关。网关作为流量的,在微服务系统中有着非常作用,网关常见的功能有路由转发、权限校验、限流控制等作用。

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Spring Cloud Gateway是Spring Cloud官方推出的第二代网关框架,取代Zuul网关。网关作为流量的,在微服务系统中有着非常作用,网关常见的功能有路由转发、权限校验、限流控制等作用。

项目结构

项目 端口 描述
eureka-server 8761 服务的注册与发现
service-one 8081 服务
gateway-client 8080 网关 gateway

eureka-server

eureka-server项目非常简单 引入

<dependency>
         <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
         <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
</dependency>

启动类里面

@EnableEurekaServer
@SpringBootApplication
public class EurekaServerApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(EurekaServerApplication.class, args);
    }
}

配置文件

spring:
  application:
    name: eureka-server

server:
  port: 8761
eureka:
  instance:
    hostname: localhostname
  client:
    fetch-registry: false
    register-with-eureka: false
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/

service-one 项目

搭建非常简单,添加依赖

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>

启动类里面

@EnableEurekaClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class ServiceOneApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ServiceOneApplication.class, args);
    }
}

配置文件

spring:
  application:
    name: service-one
server:
  port: 8081

eureka:
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/

创建类控制器 UserController,http://localhost:8081/user/who

@RequestMapping("/user")
@RestController
public class UserController {

    @RequestMapping("who")
    public String who() {
        return "my name is liangwang";
    }
}

创建类控制器OrderController,http://localhost:8081/order/info

@RequestMapping("/order")
@RestController
public class OrderController {

    @RequestMapping("/info")
    public String orderInfo() {
        return "order info date : " + new Date().toString();
    }
}

gateway-client项目

使用的是Finchley.SR2版本的,其中已经包含了 spring-boot-starter-webflux 添加依赖

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-gateway</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>

使用RouteLocator的Bean进行路由转发,将请求进行处理,最后转发到目标的下游服务

@SpringBootApplication
public class GatewayClientApplication {

    @Value("${test.uri}")
    private String uri;

    @Bean
    public RouteLocator customRouteLocator(RouteLocatorBuilder builder) {
        return builder.routes()
                //basic proxy
                .route(r -> r.path("/order/**")
                        .uri(uri)
                ).build();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(GatewayClientApplication.class, args);
    }
}

上面的代码里是在访问http://localhost:8080/order/**的时候,网关转发到http://service-one:8081/order/**,service-one服务在eureka中有注册,最终是对应服务的ip:port

使用配置文件 application.yml

test:
  uri: lb://service-one
spring:
  application:
    name: gateway-client
  cloud:
    gateway:
      routes:
      - id: route_service_one
        uri: ${test.uri} # uri以lb://开头(lb代表从注册中心获取服务),后面接的就是你需要转发到的服务名称
        predicates:
        - Path=/user/**

server:
  port: 8080

logging:
  level:
    org.springframework.cloud.gateway: TRACE
    org.springframework.http.server.reactive: DEBUG
    org.springframework.web.reactive: DEBUG
    reactor.ipc.netty: DEBUG
eureka:
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
  instance:
    prefer-ip-address: true

其中test.uri是我自定义的属性,uri以lb://开头(lb代表从注册中心获取服务),后面接的就是你需要转发到的服务名称,按照上面的配置是http://localhost:8080/usr/** => http://service-one:8081/user/** 到此项目搭建完成,接下来测试了,依次启动eureka-server、service-one、gateway-client 访问

WX20181113-180248@2x.png

WX20181113-180339@2x.png

不启用注册中心

即使集成了eureka-client也不想使用注册中心服务,可以关闭

eureka.client.enabled=false

StripPrefix属性的使用

按照上面的配置,每一个路由只能对应一个控制器的转发,不够灵活,假如我想让userapi的请求都转到service-one服务,比如:

spring:
  application:
    name: gateway-client
  cloud:
    gateway:
      routes:
      - id: route_service_one
        uri: ${test.uri} # uri以lb://开头(lb代表从注册中心获取服务),后面接的就是你需要转发到的服务名称
        predicates:
        - Path=/userapi/**
        filters:
        - StripPrefix=1 # 表示在转发时去掉userapi

修改完配置,重启gateway-client项目:

使用Hystrix

在gateway-client项目中引入依赖

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId>
        </dependency>

在spring cloud gateway中可以使用Hystrix。Hystrix是 spring cloud中一个服务熔断降级的组件,在微服务系统有着十分重要的作用。 Hystrix是 spring cloud gateway中是以filter的形式使用的,代码如下:

@SpringBootApplication
public class GatewayClientApplication {

    @Value("${test.uri}")
    private String uri;

    @Bean
    public RouteLocator customRouteLocator(RouteLocatorBuilder builder) {
        return builder.routes()
                //basic proxy
                .route(r -> r.path("/order/**")
                        .uri(uri)
                )
                .route(r -> r.path("/user/**")
                        .filters(f -> f
                                .hystrix(config -> config
                                        .setName("myserviceOne")
                                        .setFallbackUri("forward:/user/fallback")))
                        .uri(uri)).build();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(GatewayClientApplication.class, args);
    }
}

上面代码中添加了一个路由并配置了hystrix的fallbackUri,新添加一个FallBackController控制器

@RestController
public class FallBackController {
    @RequestMapping("/user/fallback")
    public Mono<String> fallback() {
        return Mono.just("service error, jump fallback");
    }
}

重启gateway-client项目,并关闭service-one服务,在浏览器访问 http://localhost:8080/user/who

使用yml配置Hystrix

spring:
  application:
    name: gateway-client
  cloud:
    gateway:
      routes:
      - id: route_service_one
        uri: ${test.uri} # uri以lb://开头(lb代表从注册中心获取服务),后面接的就是你需要转发到的服务名称
        predicates:
        - Path=/userapi/**
        filters:
        - StripPrefix=1 # 表示在转发时去掉userapi

      - id: userapi2_route
        uri: ${test.uri}
        predicates:
        - Path=/userapi2/**
        filters:
        - StripPrefix=1
        - name: Hystrix
          args:
            name: myfallbackcmd
            fallbackUri: forward:/user/fallback

在配置中增加了一个新的路由userapi2_route,还配置了Hystrix,当发生错误时会转发到fallbackUri,测试访问 http://localhost:8080/userapi2/order/info

reference Hystrix wiki
Spring Cloud Gateway
Redis RateLimiter
转载他人的写好的Redis RateLimiter实现

About

Spring Cloud Gateway是Spring Cloud官方推出的第二代网关框架,取代Zuul网关。网关作为流量的,在微服务系统中有着非常作用,网关常见的功能有路由转发、权限校验、限流控制等作用。

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