CFI: Pad out associated type resolution with erased lifetimes

`trait_object_ty` assumed that associated types would be fully
determined by the trait. This is *almost* true - const parameters and
type parameters are no longer allowed, but lifetime parameters are.
Since we erase all lifetime parameters anyways, instantiate it with as
many erased regions as it needs.

Fixes: rust-lang#123053

compiler/rustc_symbol_mangling/src/typeid/typeid_itanium_cxx_abi.rs

@@ -1121,7 +1121,10 @@ pub fn typeid_for_instance<'tcx>(
             .trait_item_def_id
             .expect("Part of a trait implementation, but not linked to the def_id?");
         let trait_method = tcx.associated_item(method_id);
-        if traits::is_vtable_safe_method(tcx, trait_ref.skip_binder().def_id, trait_method) {
+        let trait_id = trait_ref.skip_binder().def_id;
+        if traits::is_vtable_safe_method(tcx, trait_id, trait_method)
+            && tcx.object_safety_violations(trait_id).is_empty()
+        {
             // Trait methods will have a Self polymorphic parameter, where the concreteized
             // implementatation will not. We need to walk back to the more general trait method
             let trait_ref = tcx.normalize_erasing_regions(
@@ -1148,8 +1151,8 @@ pub fn typeid_for_instance<'tcx>(
 
     let fn_abi = tcx
         .fn_abi_of_instance(tcx.param_env(instance.def_id()).and((instance, ty::List::empty())))
-        .unwrap_or_else(|instance| {
-            bug!("typeid_for_instance: couldn't get fn_abi of instance {:?}", instance)
+        .unwrap_or_else(|error| {
+            bug!("typeid_for_instance: couldn't get fn_abi of instance {instance:?}: {error:?}")
         });
 
     typeid_for_fnabi(tcx, &fn_abi, options)
@@ -1178,6 +1181,7 @@ fn strip_receiver_auto<'tcx>(
     tcx.mk_args_trait(new_rcvr, args.into_iter().skip(1))
 }
 
+#[instrument(skip(tcx), ret)]
 fn trait_object_ty<'tcx>(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, poly_trait_ref: ty::PolyTraitRef<'tcx>) -> Ty<'tcx> {
     assert!(!poly_trait_ref.has_non_region_param());
     let principal_pred = poly_trait_ref.map_bound(|trait_ref| {
@@ -1195,6 +1199,7 @@ fn trait_object_ty<'tcx>(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, poly_trait_ref: ty::PolyTraitRef<'tc
                             ty::ParamEnv::reveal_all(),
                             alias_ty.to_ty(tcx),
                         );
+                        debug!("Resolved {:?} -> {resolved}", alias_ty.to_ty(tcx));
                         ty::ExistentialPredicate::Projection(ty::ExistentialProjection {
                             def_id: assoc_ty.def_id,
                             args: ty::ExistentialTraitRef::erase_self_ty(tcx, super_trait_ref).args,

tests/ui/sanitize/cfi-assoc-ty-lifetime-issue-123053.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+// Regression test for issue 123053, where associated types with lifetimes caused generation of the
+// trait object type to fail, causing an ICE.
+//
+// needs-sanitizer-cfi
+// compile-flags: -Ccodegen-units=1 -Clto -Ctarget-feature=-crt-static -Zsanitizer=cfi --edition=2021
+// no-prefer-dynamic
+// only-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
+// build-pass
+
+trait Iterable {
+    type Item<'a>
+    where
+        Self: 'a;
+    type Iter<'a>: Iterator<Item = Self::Item<'a>>
+    where
+        Self: 'a;
+
+    fn iter<'a>(&'a self) -> Self::Iter<'a>;
+}
+
+impl<T> Iterable for [T] {
+    type Item<'a> = <std::slice::Iter<'a, T> as Iterator>::Item where T: 'a;
+    type Iter<'a> = std::slice::Iter<'a, T> where T: 'a;
+
+    fn iter<'a>(&'a self) -> Self::Iter<'a> {
+        self.iter()
+    }
+}
+
+fn get_first<'a, I: Iterable + ?Sized>(it: &'a I) -> Option<I::Item<'a>> {
+    it.iter().next()
+}
+
+fn main() {
+    let v = vec![1, 2, 3];
+
+    assert_eq!(Some(&1), get_first(&*v));
+}