This is the Python package of JAMS.

JAMS is a general Python package offering miscellaneous functions in different categories, such as reading different file formats, julian date routines, or meteorological functions.

It has several subpackages offering constants, working with eddy covariance data and software such as EddySoft, offering special functions, or objective functions be used with scipy.optimize.fmin or scipy.optimize.curvefit, and much more.

Created June 2009 by Matthias Cuntz
while at the Department Computational Hydrosystems, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany

It is distributed under the MIT License (see LICENSE file and below).

Copyright (c) 2009-2021 Matthias Cuntz, Juliane Mai, Stephan Thober, Arndt Piayda

Contact Matthias Cuntz - mc (at) macu (dot) de

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Installation

The library is maintained with a git repository at:

https://github.com/mcuntz/jams_python/

To use it, checkout the git repository

git clone https://github.com/mcuntz/jams_python.git

and either add it to your Python path, for example in bash:

export PYTHONPATH=/path/to/the/jams/package

or install it with setup.py after changing into the downloaded directory:

python setup.py install

or install it with pip:

pip install ./

One can also install it directly with pip from the git repository:

pip install git+https://github.com/mcuntz/jams_python.git

Append --user on pip commands if you have no root access.

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Documentation

The documentation of the package is in the docstring of init.py so that one can get help on the Python prompt:
>>> import jams
>>> help(jams)

The individual functions also provide their help as doctrings.
Getting help, for example, on fread for reading numbers from an ascii file:
>>> import jams
>>> help(jams.fread)

or
>>> from jams import fread
>>> help(fread)

One can produce html versions of the documentation in a directory called html by calling the script:

./bin/makehtml jams
./bin/makehtml jams/eddybox

This script works only for the one directory and not on subdirectories, i.e. subpackages.
A more complete documentation is therefore given by opening a documentation server with

pydoc -p 1024

Open browser (b) and select jams (package), or open the url

http://localhost:1024/jams.html

in a web browser.

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Dependencies

The package is compatible with Python 2 (> 2.6) and 3 (> 3.2).
Note that all packages but one used by the package are already Python 3 ready (except pyhdf).
Reading HDF4 files is thus disabled in python 3.

The package uses different third-party packages if they are installed. Otherwise the functions are disabled. For example, reading of special files needs netCDF4 for netcdf and pyhdf/h5py for HDF4/HDF5, resp. If the latter are not installed, the functions readhdf, readhdf4, readhdf5 are disabled.

Essential third-party packages, which are given as dependencies in setup.py, are numpy, scipy, netcdf4, and matplotlib.

The full list of all third-party packages used is:
bottleneck, bs4, cartopy, cdsapi, ecmwfapi, h5py, matplotlib, mpi4py, netCDF4, networkx, numpy, pandas, pygraphviz, pyhdf, schwimmbad, scipy, seaborn, tkinter, wx, xlrd.

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Content

Modules and functions are provided in the following categories:

• Array manipulation
• Ascii files
• Data processing
• Date & Time
• Grids / Polygons
• Hydrology
• Isotopes
• Math
• Meteorology
• Miscellaneous
• Models
• Plotting
• Special files

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Functions and modules (alphabetic w/o obsolete functions)

	abc2plot	Write a, b, c, ... on plots.
	alpha_equ_h2o	Equilibrium fractionation between liquid water and vapour.
	alpha_kin_h2o	Kinetic fractionation of molecular diffusion of water vapour.
	apply_undef	Use a function on masked arguments.
	area_poly	Area of a polygon.
	argmax	Wrapper for numpy.argmax, numpy.ma.argmax, and using max for Python iterables.
	argmin	Wrapper for numpy.argmin, numpy.ma.argmin, and using min for Python iterables.
	argsort	Wrapper for numpy.argsort, numpy.ma.argsort, and using sorted for Python iterables.
	around	Round to the passed power of ten.
	ascii2ascii	Convert date notations between to ascii date format DD.MM.YYYY hh:mm:ss.
	ascii2en	Convert date notations to English date format YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss.
	ascii2fr	Convert date notations to French date format DD/MM/YYYY hh:mm:ss.
	ascii2us	Convert date notations to American date format MM/DD/YYYY hh:mm:ss.
	astr	Wrapper for autostring.
	autostring	Format number (array) with given decimal precision.
	baseflow	Calculate baseflow from discharge timeseries
	cellarea	Calc areas of grid cells in m^2.
	climate_index_knoben	Determines continuous climate indexes based on Knoben et al. (2018).
	clockplot	The clockplot of mHM.
	closest	Index in array which entry is closest to a given number.
	color	Module with color functions for plotting.
	const	Provides physical, mathematical, computational, and isotope constants.
	convex_hull	Calculate subset of points that make a convex hull around a set of 2D points.
	correlate	Computes the cross-correlation function of two series x and y.
	cuntz_gleixner	Cuntz-Gleixner model of 13C discrimination.
	dag	Generation and plotting of (connected) directed acyclic graphs with one source node.
	dielectric_water	Dielectric constant of liquid water.
	directories_from_gui	Open directory selection dialogs, returns consecutiveley selected directories.
	directory_from_gui	Open directory selection dialog, returns selected directory.
	delta_isogsm2	Calculate delta values from downloaded IsoGSM2 data.
	dewpoint	Calculates the dew point from ambient humidity.
	date2dec	Converts arrays with calendar date to decimal date.
	dec2date	Converts arrays with decimal date to calendar date.
	dfgui	A minimalistic GUI for analyzing Pandas DataFrames based on wxPython.
	distributions	Module for pdfs of additional distributions.
	div	Wrapper for division.
	division	Divide two arrays, return 'otherwise' if division by 0.
	dumpnetcdf	Convenience function for writenetcdf
	eddybox	Module containing Eddy Covaraince utilities, see eddysuite.py for details
	eddysuite	Example file for processing Eddy data with eddybox and EddySoft
	elementary_effects	Morris measures mu, stddev and mu*
	ellipse_area	Area of ellipse (or circle)
	encrypt	Module to encrypt and decrypt text using a key system as well as a cipher.
	en2ascii	Convert date notations from English YYYY-MM-DD to ascii date format DD.MM.YYYY hh:mm:ss.
	errormeasures	Definition of different error measures.
	esat	Calculates the saturation vapour pressure of water/ice.
	fftngo	Fast fourier transformation for dummies (like me)
	Field	Generates random hydraulic conductivity fields.
	files	Module with file list function.
	file_from_gui	Open file selection dialog for one single file, returns selected files
	files_from_gui	Open file selection dialog, returns selected files
	fill_nonfinite	Fill missing values by interpolation.
	find_in_path	Look for file in system path.
	Filtered_Incompr_Field	Generates random filtered velocity fields.
	fr2ascii	Convert date notations from French DD/MM/YYYT to ascii date format DD.MM.YYYY hh:mm:ss.
	fread	Reads in float array from ascii file.
	fsread	Simultaneous read of float and string array from ascii file.
	ftp	Module with functions for interacting with an open FTP connection.
	functions	Module with common functions that are used in curve_fit or fmin parameter estimations.
	fwrite	Writes an array to ascii file
	gap2lai	Calculation of leaf area index from gap probability observations.
	geoarray	Pythonic gdal wrapper
	get_angle	Returns the angle in radiant from each point in xy1 to each point in xy2.
	get_brewer	Registers and returns Brewer colormap.
	get_era_interim	Download ERA-Interim data suitable to produce MuSICA input data.
	get_era5	Download ERA5 data suitable to produce MuSICA input data.
	get_isogsm2	Get IsoGSM2 output.
	get_nearest	Returns a value z for each point in xy near to the xyz field.
	grid_mid2edge	Longitude and latitude grid edges from grid midpoints.
	hdfread	Wrapper for readhdf.
	hdf4read	Wrapper for readhdf4.
	hdf5read	Wrapper for readhdf5.
	head	Return list with first n lines of file.
	heaviside	Heaviside (or unit step) operator.
	homo_sampling	Generation of homogeneous, randomly distributed points in a given rectangular area.
	Incompr_Field	Generates random velocity fields.
	in_poly	Determines whether a 2D point falls in a polygon.
	inpoly	Wrapper for in_poly.
	int2roman	Integer to roman numeral conversion.
	interpol	One-dimensional linear interpolation on first dimension.
	intersection	Intersection of two curves from x,y coordinates.
	jab	Jackknife-after-Bootstrap error.
	jConfigParser	Extended Python ConfigParser.
	kernel_regression	Multi-dimensional non-parametric regression.
	kernel_regression_h	Optimal bandwidth for kernel regression.
	kriging	Krig a surface from a set of 2D points.
	lagcorr	Calculate time lag of maximum or minimum correlation of two arrays.
	lat_fmt	Set lat label string (called by Basemap.drawparallels) if LaTeX package clash.
	leafmodel	Model to compute photosynthesis and stomatal conductance of canopies.
	leafprojection	Calculation of leaf projection from leaf angle observations.
	level1	Module with functions dealing with CHS level1 data files, data and flags.
	lhs	Latin Hypercube Sampling of any distribution without correlations.
	lif	Count number of lines in file.
	line_dev_mask	Maskes elements of an array deviating from a line fit.
	logtools	Module with control file functions of Logtools, the Logger Tools Software of Olaf Kolle.
	lon_fmt	Set lon label string (called by Basemap.drawmeridians) if LaTeX package clash.
	lowess	Locally linear regression in n dimensions.
	mad	Median absolute deviation test.
	mat2nc	Converts Matlab file *.mat into NetCDF *.nc.
	means	Calculate daily, monthly, yearly, etc. means of data depending on date stamp.
	mcPlot	Matthias Cuntz' standard plotting class.
	morris_sampling	Sampling of optimised trajectories for Morris measures / elementary effects
	nc2nc	Copy netcdf file deleting, renaming, replacing variables and attribues.
	ncread	Wrapper for readnetcdf.
	netcdfread	Wrapper for readnetcdf.
	netcdf4	Convenience layer around netCDF4
	outlier	Rossner''s extreme standardized deviate outlier test.
	pack	Similar to Fortran pack function with mask.
	pareto_metrics	Performance metrics to compare Pareto fronts.
	pca	Principal component analysis (PCA) upon the first dimension of an 2D-array.
	pet_oudin	Daily potential evapotranspiration following the Oudin formula.
	pi	Parameter importance index PI or alternatively B index calculation.
	plot	Module with code snippets for plotting.
	plot_brewer	Plots available Brewer color maps in pdf file.
	position	Position arrays of subplots to be used with add_axes.
	print_brewer	Prints available Brewer colormap names.
	pritay	Daily reference evapotranspiration after Priestley & Taylor.
	pso	Particle swarm optimization
	qa	Module of quality (error) measures.
	readhdf	Reads variables or information from hdf4 and hdf5 files.
	readhdf4	Reads variables or information from hdf4 files.
	readhdf5	Reads variables or information from hdf5 file.
	readnc	Wrapper for readnetcdf.
	readnetcdf	Reads variables or information from netcdf file.
	register_brewer	Registers and registers Brewer colormap.
	river_network	a class for creating a river network from a DEM including flow direction, flow accumulation and channel order
	rolling	Reshape an array in a "rolling window" style.
	roman2int	Roman numeral to integer conversion.
	rossner	Wrapper for outlier.
	t2sap	Conversion of temperature difference to sap flux density.
	savitzky_golay	Smooth (and optionally differentiate) 1D data with a Savitzky-Golay filter.
	savitzky_golay2d	Smooth (and optionally differentiate) 2D data with a Savitzky-Golay filter.
	saltelli	Parameter sampling for Sobol indices calculation.
	sce	Shuffle-Complex-Evolution algorithm for function min(max)imisation
	screening	Samples trajectories, runs model and returns measures of Morris Elemenary Effects
	semivariogram	Calculates semivariogram from spatial data.
	sendmail	Send an e-mail.
	sg	Wrapper savitzky_golay.
	sg2d	Wrapper savitzky_golay2d.
	sigma_filter	Mask values deviating more than z standard deviations from a given function.
	signature2plot	Write a copyright notice on a plot.
	str2tex	Convert strings to LaTeX strings in math environement used by matplotlib's usetex
	us2ascii	Convert date notations from American MM/DD/YYYY to ascii format DD.MM.YYYY hh:mm:ss.
	tail	Return list with last n lines of file.
	maskgroup	Masks elements in a 1d array gathered in small groups.
	samevalue	Checks if abs. differences of array values within a certain window are smaller than threshold.
	savez	Save several numpy arrays into a single file in uncompressed .npz format.
	savez_compressed	Save several arrays into a single file in compressed .npz format.
	smax	Calculating smooth maximum of two numbers
	smin	Calculating smooth minimum of two numbers
	sobol_index	Calculates the first-order and total variance-based sensitivity indices.
	sread	Reads in string array from ascii file.
	srrasa	Generates stratified random 2D points within a given rectangular area.
	srrasa_trans	Generates stratified random 2D transects within a given rectangular area.
	tcherkez	Calculates the Tcherkez model of 13C-discrimiantion in the Calvin cycle.
	tee	Prints arguments on screen and in file.
	timestepcheck	Fills missing time steps in ascii data files
	tsym	Raw unicodes for common symbols.
	unpack	Similar to Fortran unpack function with mask.
	volume_poly	Volume of function above a polygon
	writenetcdf	Write netCDF4 file.
	xkcd	Make plot look handdrawn.
	xlsread	Wrapper for xread.
	xlsxread	Wrapper for xread.
	xread	Simultaneous read of float and string array from Excel file.
	yrange	Calculates plot range from input array.
	zacharias	Soil water content with van Genuchten and Zacharias et al. (2007).
	zacharias_check	Checks validity of parameter set for Zacharias et al. (2007).

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Functions and modules per category

Array manipulation

	argmax	Wrapper for numpy.argmax, numpy.ma.argmax, and using max for Python iterables.
	argmin	Wrapper for numpy.argmin, numpy.ma.argmin, and using min for Python iterables.
	argsort	Wrapper for numpy.argsort, numpy.ma.argsort, and using sorted for Python iterables.
	closest	Index in array which entry is closest to a given number.
	pack	Similar to Fortran pack function with mask.
	samevalue	Checks if abs. differences of array values within a certain window are smaller than threshold.
	maskgroup	Masks elements in a 1d array gathered in small groups.
	rolling	Reshape an array in a "rolling window" style.
	smax	Calculating smooth maximum of two numbers
	smin	Calculating smooth minimum of two numbers
	unpack	Similar to Fortran unpack function with mask.

Ascii files

	fread	Reads in float array from ascii file.
	fsread	Simultaneous read of float and string array from ascii file.
	fwrite	Writes an array to ascii file
	head	Return list with first n lines of file.
	lif	Count number of lines in file.
	sread	Reads in string array from ascii file.
	tail	Return list with last n lines of file.

Data processing

	convex_hull	Calculate subset of points that make a convex hull around a set of 2D points.
	eddybox	Module containing Eddy Covaraince utilities, see eddybox folder for details
	eddysuite	Example file for processing Eddy data with eddybox and EddySoft
	fill_nonfinite	Fill missing values by interpolation.
	gap2lai	Calculation of leaf projection and leaf area index from gap probability observations.
	interpol	One-dimensional linear interpolation on first dimension.
	kriging	Krig a surface from a set of 2D points.
	kernel_regression	Multi-dimensional non-parametric regression.
	kernel_regression_h	Optimal bandwidth for kernel regression.
	leafprojection	Calculation of leaf projection from leaf angle observations.
	level1	Module with functions dealing with CHS level1 data files, data and flags.
	line_dev_mask	Mask elements of an array deviating from a line fit.
	logtools	Module with control file functions of Logtools, the Logger Tools Software of Olaf Kolle.
	lowess	Locally linear regression in n dimensions.
	mad	Median absolute deviation test.
	means	Calculate daily, monthly, yearly, etc. means of data depending on date stamp.
	outlier	Rossner''s extreme standardized deviate outlier test.
	pca	Principal component analysis (PCA) upon the first dimension of an 2D-array.
	rossner	Wrapper for outlier.
	t2sap	Conversion of temperature difference to sap flux density.
	savitzky_golay	Smooth (and optionally differentiate) 1D data with a Savitzky-Golay filter.
	savitzky_golay2d	Smooth (and optionally differentiate) 2D data with a Savitzky-Golay filter.
	semivariogram	Calculates semivariogram from spatial data.
	sg	Wrapper savitzky_golay.
	sg2d	Wrapper savitzky_golay2d.
	sigma_filter	Mask values deviating more than z standard deviations from a given function.
	srrasa	Generates stratified random 2D points within a given rectangular area.
	srrasa_trans	Generates stratified random 2D transects within a given rectangular area.
	timestepcheck	Fills missing time steps in ascii data files

Date & Time

	ascii2ascii	Convert date notations to ascii date format DD.MM.YYYY hh:mm:ss
	ascii2en	Convert date notations to English date format YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss.
	ascii2fr	Convert date notations to French date format DD/MM/YYYY hh:mm:ss.
	ascii2us	Convert date notations to American date format MM/DD/YYYY hh:mm:ss.
	date2dec	Converts arrays with calendar date to decimal date.
	dec2date	Converts arrays with decimal date to calendar date.
	en2ascii	Convert date notations from English YYYY-MM-DD to ascii date format DD.MM.YYYY hh:mm:ss.
	fr2ascii	Convert date notations from French DD/MM/YYYY to ascii date format DD.MM.YYYY hh:mm:ss.
	us2ascii	Convert date notations from American MM/DD/YYYY to ascii format DD.MM.YYYY hh:mm:ss.

Grids / Polygons

	area_poly	Area of a polygon
	cellarea	Calc areas of grid cells in m^2.
	grid_mid2edge	Longitude and latitude grid edges from grid midpoints.
	homo_sampling	Generation of homogeneous, randomly distributed points in a given rectangular area.
	in_poly	Determines whether a 2D point falls in a polygon.
	inpoly	Wrapper for in_poly.
	volume_poly	Volume of function above a polygon
	get_angle	Returns the angle in radiant from each point in xy1 to each point in xy2.
	get_nearest	Returns a value z for each point in xy near to the xyz field.

Hydrology

	baseflow	Calculate baseflow from discharge timeseries
	river_network	a class for creating a river network from a DEM including flow direction, flow accumulation and channel order

Isotopes

	alpha_equ_h2o	Equilibrium fractionation between liquid water and vapour
	alpha_kin_h2o	Kinetic fractionation of molecular diffusion of water vapour
	cuntz_gleixner	Cuntz-Gleixner model of 13C discrimination.
	delta_isogsm2	Calculate delta values from downloaded IsoGSM2 data.
	get_isogsm2	Get IsoGSM2 output.
	tcherkez	Calculates the Tcherkez model of 13C-discrimiantion in the Calvin cycle.

Math

	around	Round to the passed power of ten.
	correlate	Computes the cross-correlation function of two series x and y.
	dag	Generation and plotting of (connected) directed acyclic graphs with one source node.
	distributions	Module for pdfs of additional distributions.
	div	Wrapper for division.
	division	Divide two arrays, return 'otherwise' if division by 0.
	elementary_effects	Morris measures mu, stddev and mu*
	ellipse_area	Area of ellipse (or circle)
	errormeasures	Definition of different error measures.
	fftngo	Fast fourier transformation for dummies (like me)
	functions	Module with common functions that are used in curve_fit or fmin parameter estimations.
	heaviside	Heaviside (or unit step) operator.
	intersection	Intersection of two curves from x,y coordinates.
	jab	Jackknife-after-Bootstrap error.
	lagcorr	Calculate time lag of maximum or minimum correlation of two arrays.
	lhs	Latin Hypercube Sampling of any distribution without correlations.
	morris_sampling	Sampling of optimised trajectories for Morris measures / elementary effects
	pareto_metrics	Performance metrics to compare Pareto fronts.
	pi	Parameter importance index PI or alternatively B index calculation.
	pso	Particle swarm optimization
	qa	Module of quality assessment (error) measures.
	saltelli	Parameter sampling for Sobol indices calculation.
	sce	Shuffle-Complex-Evolution algorithm for function min(max)imisation
	screening	Samples trajectories, runs model and returns measures of Morris Elemenary Effects
	sobol	Generates Sobol sequences
	sobol_index	Calculates the first-order and total variance-based sensitivity indices.

Meteorology

	climate_index_knoben	Determines continuous climate indexes based on Knoben et al. (2018).
	dewpoint	Calculates the dew point from ambient humidity.
	dielectric_water	Dielectric constant of liquid water.
	esat	Calculates the saturation vapour pressure of water/ice.
	get_era_interim	Download ERA-Interim data suitable to produce MuSICA input data.
	get_era5	Download ERA5 data suitable to produce MuSICA input data.
	pet_oudin	Daily potential evapotranspiration following the Oudin formula.
	pritay	Daily reference evapotranspiration after Priestley & Taylor

Miscellaneous

	apply_undef	Use a function on masked arguments.
	astr	Wrapper for autostring.
	autostring	Format number (array) with given decimal precision.
	const	Provides physical, mathematical, computational, and isotope constants.
	directories_from_gui	Open directory selection dialogs, returns consecutiveley selected directories
	directory_from_gui	Open directory selection dialog, returns selected directory
	encrypt	Module to encrypt and decrypt text using a key system as well as a cipher.
	files	Module with file list function.
	file_from_gui	Open file selection dialog for one single file, returns selected files
	files_from_gui	Open file selection dialog, returns selected files
	find_in_path	Look for file in system path.
	ftp	Module with functions for interacting with an open FTP connection.
	int2roman	Integer to roman numeral conversion.
	roman2int	Roman numeral to integer conversion.
	sendmail	Send an e-mail.
	tee	Prints arguments on screen and in file.
	zacharias	Soil water content with van Genuchten and Zacharias et al. (2007).
	zacharias_check	Checks validity of parameter set for Zacharias et al. (2007).

Models

	Field	Generates random hydraulic conductivity fields.
	Filtered_Incompr_Field	Generates random filtered velocity fields.
	Incompr_Field	Generates random velocity fields.
	leafmodel	Model to compute photosynthesis and stomatal conductance of canopies

Plotting

	abc2plot	Write a, b, c, ... on plots.
	clockplot	The clockplot of mHM.
	color	Module with color functions for plotting.
	dfgui	A minimalistic GUI for analyzing Pandas DataFrames based on wxPython.
	get_brewer	Registers and returns Brewer colormap.
	lat_fmt	Set lat label string (called by Basemap.drawparallels) if LaTeX package clash.
	lon_fmt	Set lon label string (called by Basemap.drawmeridians) if LaTeX package clash.
	mcPlot	Matthias Cuntz' standard plotting class.
	plot	Module with code snippets for plotting.
	plot_brewer	Plots available Brewer color maps in pdf file.
	position	Position arrays of subplots to be used with add_axes.
	print_brewer	Prints available Brewer colormap names.
	register_brewer	Registers and registers Brewer colormap.
	signature2plot	Write a copyright notice on a plot.
	str2tex	Convert strings to LaTeX strings in math environement used by matplotlib's usetex
	tsym	Raw unicodes for common symbols.
	xkcd	Make plot look handdrawn.
	yrange	Calculates plot range from input array.

Special files

	dumpnetcdf	Convenience function for writenetcdf
	geoarray	Pythonic gdal wrapper
	hdfread	Wrapper for readhdf.
	hdf4read	Wrapper for readhdf4.
	hdf5read	Wrapper for readhdf5.
	jConfigParser	Extended Python ConfigParser.
	mat2nc	Converts Matlab file *.mat into NetCDF *.nc.
	nc2nc	Copy netcdf file deleting, renaming, replacing variables and attribues.
	ncread	Wrapper for readnetcdf.
	netcdfread	Wrapper for readnetcdf.
	netcdf4	Convenience layer around netCDF4
	readhdf	Reads variables or information from hdf4 and hdf5 files.
	readhdf4	Reads variables or information from hdf4 files.
	readhdf5	Reads variables or information from hdf5 file.
	readnc	Wrapper for readnetcdf.
	readnetcdf	Reads variables or information from netcdf file.
	savez	Save several numpy arrays into a single file in uncompressed .npz format.
	savez_compressed	Save several arrays into a single file in compressed .npz format.
	writenetcdf	Write netCDF4 file.
	xlsread	Wrapper for xread.
	xlsxread	Wrapper for xread.
	xread	Simultaneous read of float and string array from Excel file.

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License

This file is part of the JAMS Python package, distributed under the MIT License.

Copyright (c) 2009-2021 Matthias Cuntz, Juliane Mai, Stephan Thober, Arndt Piayda

Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.

THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.