pythongh-100268: Add is_integer method to int (python#100439)

This improves the lives of type annotation users of `float` - which type checkers implicitly treat as `int|float` because that is what most code actually wants. Before this change a `.is_integer()` method could not be assumed to exist on things annotated as `: float` due to the method not existing on both types.

Doc/library/stdtypes.rst

@@ -609,6 +609,12 @@ class`. In addition, it provides a few more methods:
 
    .. versionadded:: 3.8
 
+.. method:: int.is_integer()
+
+   Returns ``True``. Exists for duck type compatibility with :meth:`float.is_integer`.
+
+   .. versionadded:: 3.12
+
 Additional Methods on Float
 ---------------------------
 

Lib/test/test_long.py

@@ -1553,6 +1553,11 @@ def test_from_bytes_small(self):
             b = i.to_bytes(2, signed=True)
             self.assertIs(int.from_bytes(b, signed=True), i)
 
+    def test_is_integer(self):
+        self.assertTrue((-1).is_integer())
+        self.assertTrue((0).is_integer())
+        self.assertTrue((1).is_integer())
+
     def test_access_to_nonexistent_digit_0(self):
         # http://bugs.python.org/issue14630: A bug in _PyLong_Copy meant that
         # ob_digit[0] was being incorrectly accessed for instances of a

Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2022-12-22-21-56-08.gh-issue-100268.xw_phB.rst

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Add :meth:`int.is_integer` to improve duck type compatibility between :class:`int` and :class:`float`.

Objects/longobject.c

@@ -6168,6 +6168,19 @@ long_long_meth(PyObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
     return long_long(self);
 }
 
+/*[clinic input]
+int.is_integer
+
+Returns True. Exists for duck type compatibility with float.is_integer.
+[clinic start generated code]*/
+
+static PyObject *
+int_is_integer_impl(PyObject *self)
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=90f8e794ce5430ef input=7e41c4d4416e05f2]*/
+{
+    Py_RETURN_TRUE;
+}
+
 static PyMethodDef long_methods[] = {
     {"conjugate",       long_long_meth, METH_NOARGS,
      "Returns self, the complex conjugate of any int."},
@@ -6186,6 +6199,7 @@ static PyMethodDef long_methods[] = {
     INT___GETNEWARGS___METHODDEF
     INT___FORMAT___METHODDEF
     INT___SIZEOF___METHODDEF
+    INT_IS_INTEGER_METHODDEF
     {NULL,              NULL}           /* sentinel */
 };