Fix unsupported-binary-operation on classes that overload or (#6664)

* Use consistent location for NotFoundError

Throughout this module we're using ``astroid.NotFoundError`` as an
alias for ``astroid.exceptions.NotFoundError``, it seems best to be
consistent.

Closes #4951

Co-authored-by: Jacob Walls <[email protected]>

doc/whatsnew/2/2.15/index.rst

@@ -27,6 +27,10 @@ Extensions
 False positives fixed
 =====================
 
+* Don't report ``unsupported-binary-operation`` on Python <= 3.9 when using the ``|`` operator
+  with types, if one has a metaclass that overloads ``__or__`` or ``__ror__`` as appropriate.
+
+  Closes #4951
 
 False negatives fixed
 =====================

pylint/checkers/typecheck.py

@@ -20,7 +20,9 @@
 from re import Pattern
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Union
 
+import astroid
 import astroid.exceptions
+import astroid.helpers
 from astroid import bases, nodes
 
 from pylint.checkers import BaseChecker, utils
@@ -1903,14 +1905,55 @@ def _detect_unsupported_alternative_union_syntax(self, node: nodes.BinOp) -> Non
             if not allowed_nested_syntax:
                 self._check_unsupported_alternative_union_syntax(node)
 
+    def _includes_version_compatible_overload(self, attrs: list):
+        """Check if a set of overloads of an operator includes one that
+        can be relied upon for our configured Python version.
+
+        If we are running under a Python 3.10+ runtime but configured for
+        pre-3.10 compatibility then Astroid will have inferred the
+        existence of __or__ / __ror__ on builtins.type, but these aren't
+        available in the configured version of Python.
+        """
+        is_py310_builtin = all(
+            isinstance(attr, (nodes.FunctionDef, astroid.BoundMethod))
+            and attr.parent.qname() == "builtins.type"
+            for attr in attrs
+        )
+        return not is_py310_builtin or self._py310_plus
+
     def _check_unsupported_alternative_union_syntax(self, node: nodes.BinOp) -> None:
-        """Check if left or right node is of type `type`."""
+        """Check if left or right node is of type `type`.
+
+        If either is, and doesn't support an or operator via a metaclass,
+        infer that this is a mistaken attempt to use alternative union
+        syntax when not supported.
+        """
         msg = "unsupported operand type(s) for |"
-        for n in (node.left, node.right):
-            n = astroid.helpers.object_type(n)
-            if isinstance(n, nodes.ClassDef) and is_classdef_type(n):
-                self.add_message("unsupported-binary-operation", args=msg, node=node)
-                break
+        left_obj = astroid.helpers.object_type(node.left)
+        right_obj = astroid.helpers.object_type(node.right)
+        left_is_type = False
+        right_is_type = False
+
+        if isinstance(left_obj, nodes.ClassDef) and is_classdef_type(left_obj):
+            try:
+                attrs = left_obj.getattr("__or__")
+                if self._includes_version_compatible_overload(attrs):
+                    return
+                left_is_type = True
+            except astroid.NotFoundError:
+                left_is_type = True
+
+        if isinstance(right_obj, nodes.ClassDef) and is_classdef_type(right_obj):
+            try:
+                attrs = right_obj.getattr("__ror__")
+                if self._includes_version_compatible_overload(attrs):
+                    return
+                right_is_type = True
+            except astroid.NotFoundError:
+                right_is_type = True
+
+        if left_is_type or right_is_type:
+            self.add_message("unsupported-binary-operation", args=msg, node=node)
 
     # TODO: This check was disabled (by adding the leading underscore)
     # due to false positives several years ago - can we re-enable it?

tests/functional/a/alternative/alternative_union_syntax.py

@@ -82,3 +82,23 @@ class CustomDataClass3:
 @dataclasses.dataclass
 class CustomDataClass4:
     my_var: int | str
+
+class ForwardMetaclass(type):
+    def __or__(cls, other):
+        return True
+
+class ReverseMetaclass(type):
+    def __ror__(cls, other):
+        return True
+
+class WithForward(metaclass=ForwardMetaclass):
+    pass
+
+class WithReverse(metaclass=ReverseMetaclass):
+    pass
+
+class DefaultMetaclass:
+    pass
+
+class_list = [WithForward | DefaultMetaclass]
+class_list_reversed = [WithReverse | DefaultMetaclass]

tests/functional/a/alternative/alternative_union_syntax_error.py

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 For Python 3.7 - 3.9: Everything should fail.
 Testing only 3.8/3.9 to support TypedDict.
 """
-# pylint: disable=missing-function-docstring,unused-argument,invalid-name,missing-class-docstring,inherit-non-class,too-few-public-methods,line-too-long,unnecessary-direct-lambda-call
+# pylint: disable=missing-function-docstring,unused-argument,invalid-name,missing-class-docstring,inherit-non-class,too-few-public-methods,line-too-long,unnecessary-direct-lambda-call,unnecessary-lambda-assignment
 import dataclasses
 import typing
 from dataclasses import dataclass
@@ -87,3 +87,36 @@ class CustomDataClass3:
 @dataclasses.dataclass
 class CustomDataClass4:
     my_var: int | str  # [unsupported-binary-operation]
+
+# Not an error if the metaclass implements __or__
+
+class ForwardMetaclass(type):
+    def __or__(cls, other):
+        return True
+
+class ReverseMetaclass(type):
+    def __ror__(cls, other):
+        return True
+
+class WithForward(metaclass=ForwardMetaclass):
+    pass
+
+class WithReverse(metaclass=ReverseMetaclass):
+    pass
+
+class DefaultMetaclass:
+    pass
+
+class_list = [WithForward | DefaultMetaclass]
+class_list_reversed_invalid = [WithReverse | DefaultMetaclass] # [unsupported-binary-operation]
+class_list_reversed_valid = [DefaultMetaclass | WithReverse]
+
+
+# Pathological cases
+class HorribleMetaclass(type):
+    __or__ = lambda x: x
+
+class WithHorrible(metaclass=HorribleMetaclass):
+    pass
+
+class_list = [WithHorrible | DefaultMetaclass]

tests/functional/a/alternative/alternative_union_syntax_error.txt

@@ -22,3 +22,4 @@ unsupported-binary-operation:76:12:76:21:CustomDataClass:unsupported operand typ
 unsupported-binary-operation:80:12:80:21:CustomDataClass2:unsupported operand type(s) for |:UNDEFINED
 unsupported-binary-operation:84:12:84:21:CustomDataClass3:unsupported operand type(s) for |:UNDEFINED
 unsupported-binary-operation:89:12:89:21:CustomDataClass4:unsupported operand type(s) for |:UNDEFINED
+unsupported-binary-operation:111:31:111:61::unsupported operand type(s) for |:UNDEFINED