Fix false positive when testing for-loops for unbalanced unpacking (W0644)

doc/whatsnew/fragments/8156.false_positive

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+When checking for unbalanced dict unpacking in for-loops, Pylint will now test whether the length of each value to be
+unpacked matches the number of unpacking targets. Previously, Pylint would test the number of values for the loop
+iteration, which would produce a false unbalanced-dict-unpacking warning.
+
+Closes #8156

pylint/checkers/variables.py

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 import collections
 import copy
 import itertools
+import math
 import os
 import re
 from collections import defaultdict
@@ -1326,9 +1327,23 @@ def visit_for(self, node: nodes.For) -> None:
             if any(isinstance(target, nodes.Starred) for target in targets):
                 return
 
-        if len(targets) != len(values):
-            details = _get_unpacking_extra_info(node, inferred)
-            self._report_unbalanced_unpacking(node, inferred, targets, values, details)
+        if isinstance(inferred, nodes.Dict) and isinstance(node.iter, nodes.Name):
+            # If this a case of 'dict-items-missing-iter', we don't want to
+            # report it as an 'unbalanced-dict-unpacking' as well
+            # TODO (performance), merging both checks would streamline this
+            if len(targets) == 2:
+                return
+
+        is_stared_targets = any(isinstance(target, nodes.Starred) for target in targets)
+        for value in values:
+            value_length = self._get_value_length(value)
+            is_valid_star_unpack = is_stared_targets and value_length >= len(targets)
+            if len(targets) != value_length and not is_valid_star_unpack:
+                details = _get_unpacking_extra_info(node, inferred)
+                self._report_unbalanced_unpacking(
+                    node, inferred, targets, value_length, details
+                )
+                break
 
     def leave_for(self, node: nodes.For) -> None:
         self._store_type_annotation_names(node)
@@ -2957,16 +2972,32 @@ def _check_unpacking(
         if values is not None:
             if len(targets) != len(values):
                 self._report_unbalanced_unpacking(
-                    node, inferred, targets, values, details
+                    node, inferred, targets, len(values), details
                 )
         # attempt to check unpacking may be possible (i.e. RHS is iterable)
         elif not utils.is_iterable(inferred):
             self._report_unpacking_non_sequence(node, details)
 
+    @staticmethod
+    def _get_value_length(value_node: nodes.NodeNG) -> int:
+        value_subnodes = VariablesChecker._nodes_to_unpack(value_node)
+        if value_subnodes is not None:
+            return len(value_subnodes)
+        if isinstance(value_node, nodes.Const) and isinstance(
+            value_node.value, (str, bytes)
+        ):
+            return len(value_node.value)
+        if isinstance(value_node, nodes.Subscript):
+            step = value_node.slice.step or 1
+            splice_range = value_node.slice.upper.value - value_node.slice.lower.value
+            splice_length = int(math.ceil(splice_range / step))
+            return splice_length
+        return 1
+
     @staticmethod
     def _nodes_to_unpack(node: nodes.NodeNG) -> list[nodes.NodeNG] | None:
         """Return the list of values of the `Assign` node."""
-        if isinstance(node, (nodes.Tuple, nodes.List, *DICT_TYPES)):
+        if isinstance(node, (nodes.Tuple, nodes.List, nodes.Set, *DICT_TYPES)):
             return node.itered()  # type: ignore[no-any-return]
         if isinstance(node, astroid.Instance) and any(
             ancestor.qname() == "typing.NamedTuple" for ancestor in node.ancestors()
@@ -2979,15 +3010,15 @@ def _report_unbalanced_unpacking(
         node: nodes.NodeNG,
         inferred: InferenceResult,
         targets: list[nodes.NodeNG],
-        values: list[nodes.NodeNG],
+        values_count: int,
         details: str,
     ) -> None:
         args = (
             details,
             len(targets),
             "" if len(targets) == 1 else "s",
-            len(values),
-            "" if len(values) == 1 else "s",
+            values_count,
+            "" if values_count == 1 else "s",
         )
 
         symbol = (

tests/functional/u/unbalanced/unbalanced_dict_unpacking.py

@@ -89,3 +89,35 @@ def all_dict():
 _, *others = {1: 2, 3: 4, 5: 6}.items()
 _, *others = {1: 2, 3: 4, 5: 6}.values()
 _, others = {1: 2, 3: 4, 5: 6}.values()  # [unbalanced-dict-unpacking]
+
+
+for value1, value2 in {1: 2, 3: 4}.values():  # [unbalanced-dict-unpacking]
+    pass
+
+for value1, value2 in {1: (2, 3), 4: 5}.values():  # [unbalanced-dict-unpacking]
+    pass
+
+for value1, value2 in {1: 2, 3: (4, 5)}.values():  # [unbalanced-dict-unpacking]
+    pass
+
+for value1, value2 in {1: (2, 3, 4), 5: (6, 7)}.values():  # [unbalanced-dict-unpacking]
+    pass
+
+for value1, value2, value3 in {1: (2, 3, 4), 5: (6, 7)}.values():  # [unbalanced-dict-unpacking]
+    pass
+
+# These should not raise unbalanced-dict since the there are the same number of targets and values in every expression
+for value1, value2 in {1: (2, 3), 4: (5, 6)}.values():
+    pass
+
+for value1, value2, value3 in {1: (2, 3, 4), 5: (6, 7, 8)}.values():
+    pass
+
+for value1, value2 in {1: [2, 3], 4: {5, 6}}.values():
+    pass
+
+for value1, value2 in {1: {2: 3, 4: 5}, 6: {7: 8, 9: 10}}.values():
+    pass
+
+for value1, value2 in {1: [1, 2, 3][0:2]}.values():
+    pass

tests/functional/u/unbalanced/unbalanced_dict_unpacking.txt

@@ -2,15 +2,20 @@ unbalanced-dict-unpacking:6:4:6:41:dict_vals:"Possible unbalanced dict unpacking
 unbalanced-dict-unpacking:10:4:10:49:dict_keys:"Possible unbalanced dict unpacking with {1: 2, 'hi': 20}.keys(): left side has 7 labels, right side has 2 values":INFERENCE
 unbalanced-dict-unpacking:16:4:16:63:dict_items:"Possible unbalanced dict unpacking with {1: 2, 'boo': 3}.items(): left side has 3 labels, right side has 2 values":INFERENCE
 unbalanced-dict-unpacking:20:4:20:38:all_dict:"Possible unbalanced dict unpacking with {1: 2, 3: 4}: left side has 7 labels, right side has 2 values":INFERENCE
-unbalanced-dict-unpacking:23:0:24:8::"Possible unbalanced dict unpacking with {1: 2}.items(): left side has 7 labels, right side has 1 value":INFERENCE
+unbalanced-dict-unpacking:23:0:24:8::"Possible unbalanced dict unpacking with {1: 2}.items(): left side has 7 labels, right side has 2 values":INFERENCE
 unbalanced-dict-unpacking:26:0:27:8::"Possible unbalanced dict unpacking with {1: 2}: left side has 2 labels, right side has 1 value":INFERENCE
 consider-iterating-dictionary:29:18:29:31::Consider iterating the dictionary directly instead of calling .keys():INFERENCE
 unbalanced-dict-unpacking:29:0:30:8::"Possible unbalanced dict unpacking with {1: 2}.keys(): left side has 2 labels, right side has 1 value":INFERENCE
 unbalanced-dict-unpacking:32:0:33:8::"Possible unbalanced dict unpacking with {1: 2}.values(): left side has 2 labels, right side has 1 value":INFERENCE
 unbalanced-dict-unpacking:49:0:49:28::"Possible unbalanced dict unpacking with populated.items(): left side has 2 labels, right side has 1 value":INFERENCE
 unbalanced-dict-unpacking:54:0:54:37::"Possible unbalanced dict unpacking with {1: 2, 3: 4, 5: 6}.items(): left side has 2 labels, right side has 3 values":INFERENCE
 unbalanced-dict-unpacking:56:0:56:12::"Possible unbalanced dict unpacking with {}: left side has 3 labels, right side has 0 values":INFERENCE
-unbalanced-dict-unpacking:67:0:68:14::"Possible unbalanced dict unpacking with {'key': 'value'}.values(): left side has 2 labels, right side has 1 value":INFERENCE
-unbalanced-dict-unpacking:77:0:78:14::"Possible unbalanced dict unpacking with {'key': 'value', 1: 2, 20: 21}.values(): left side has 2 labels, right side has 3 values":INFERENCE
-unbalanced-dict-unpacking:80:0:81:14::"Possible unbalanced dict unpacking with {'key': 'value', 1: 2, 20: 21}.values(): left side has 2 labels, right side has 3 values":INFERENCE
+unbalanced-dict-unpacking:67:0:68:14::"Possible unbalanced dict unpacking with {'key': 'value'}.values(): left side has 2 labels, right side has 5 values":INFERENCE
+unbalanced-dict-unpacking:77:0:78:14::"Possible unbalanced dict unpacking with {'key': 'value', 1: 2, 20: 21}.values(): left side has 2 labels, right side has 1 value":INFERENCE
+unbalanced-dict-unpacking:80:0:81:14::"Possible unbalanced dict unpacking with {'key': 'value', 1: 2, 20: 21}.values(): left side has 2 labels, right side has 1 value":INFERENCE
 unbalanced-dict-unpacking:91:0:91:39::"Possible unbalanced dict unpacking with {1: 2, 3: 4, 5: 6}.values(): left side has 2 labels, right side has 3 values":INFERENCE
+unbalanced-dict-unpacking:94:0:95:8::"Possible unbalanced dict unpacking with {1: 2, 3: 4}.values(): left side has 2 labels, right side has 1 value":INFERENCE
+unbalanced-dict-unpacking:97:0:98:8::"Possible unbalanced dict unpacking with {1: (2, 3), 4: 5}.values(): left side has 2 labels, right side has 1 value":INFERENCE
+unbalanced-dict-unpacking:100:0:101:8::"Possible unbalanced dict unpacking with {1: 2, 3: (4, 5)}.values(): left side has 2 labels, right side has 1 value":INFERENCE
+unbalanced-dict-unpacking:103:0:104:8::"Possible unbalanced dict unpacking with {1: (2, 3, 4), 5: (6, 7)}.values(): left side has 2 labels, right side has 3 values":INFERENCE
+unbalanced-dict-unpacking:106:0:107:8::"Possible unbalanced dict unpacking with {1: (2, 3, 4), 5: (6, 7)}.values(): left side has 3 labels, right side has 2 values":INFERENCE