fix(update): Make -p more convenient by being positional

Generally, cargo avoids positional arguments.  Mostly for the commands
that might forward arguments to another command, like `cargo test`.
It also allows some flexibility in turning flags into options.

For `cargo add` and `cargo remove`, we decided to accept positionals
because the motivations didn't seem to apply as much (similar to `cargo
install`).

This applies the pattern to `cargo update` as well which is in the same
category of commands as `cargo add` and `cargo remove`.

As for `--help` formatting, I'm mixed on whether `[SPEC]...` should be at the top like
other positionals or should be relegated to "Package selection".  I went
with the latter mostly to make it easier to visualize the less common
choice.

Switching to a positional for `cargo update` (while keeping `-p` for
backwards compatibility) was referenced in #12425.

src/bin/cargo/commands/update.rs

@@ -6,6 +6,20 @@ use cargo::util::print_available_packages;
 pub fn cli() -> Command {
     subcommand("update")
         .about("Update dependencies as recorded in the local lock file")
+        .args([clap::Arg::new("package2")
+            .action(clap::ArgAction::Append)
+            .num_args(1..)
+            .value_name("SPEC")
+            .help_heading(heading::PACKAGE_SELECTION)
+            .group("package-group")
+            .help("Package to update")])
+        .arg(
+            optional_multi_opt("package", "SPEC", "Package to update")
+                .short('p')
+                .hide(true)
+                .help_heading(heading::PACKAGE_SELECTION)
+                .group("package-group"),
+        )
         .arg_dry_run("Don't actually write the lockfile")
         .arg(
             flag(
@@ -20,15 +34,14 @@ pub fn cli() -> Command {
                 "Update a single dependency to exactly PRECISE when used with -p",
             )
             .value_name("PRECISE")
-            .requires("package"),
+            .requires("package-group"),
         )
         .arg_quiet()
         .arg(
             flag("workspace", "Only update the workspace packages")
                 .short('w')
                 .help_heading(heading::PACKAGE_SELECTION),
         )
-        .arg_package_spec_simple("Package to update")
         .arg_manifest_path()
         .after_help("Run `cargo help update` for more detailed information.\n")
 }
@@ -40,10 +53,16 @@ pub fn exec(config: &mut Config, args: &ArgMatches) -> CliResult {
         print_available_packages(&ws)?;
     }
 
+    let to_update = if args.contains_id("package") {
+        "package"
+    } else {
+        "package2"
+    };
+
     let update_opts = UpdateOptions {
         aggressive: args.flag("aggressive"),
         precise: args.get_one::<String>("precise").map(String::as_str),
-        to_update: values(args, "package"),
+        to_update: values(args, to_update),
         dry_run: args.dry_run(),
         workspace: args.flag("workspace"),
         config,

src/cargo/ops/cargo_compile/mod.rs

@@ -508,7 +508,7 @@ pub fn create_bcx<'a, 'cfg>(
             } else if !unit.is_local() {
                 format!(
                     "Either upgrade to rustc {} or newer, or use\n\
-                     cargo update -p {}@{} --precise ver\n\
+                     cargo update {}@{} --precise ver\n\
                      where `ver` is the latest version of `{}` supporting rustc {}",
                     version,
                     unit.pkg.name(),

src/cargo/ops/resolve.rs

@@ -612,7 +612,7 @@ fn register_previous_locks(
 
     // Ok so we've been passed in a `keep` function which basically says "if I
     // return `true` then this package wasn't listed for an update on the command
-    // line". That is, if we run `cargo update -p foo` then `keep(bar)` will return
+    // line". That is, if we run `cargo update foo` then `keep(bar)` will return
     // `true`, whereas `keep(foo)` will return `false` (roughly speaking).
     //
     // This isn't actually quite what we want, however. Instead we want to
@@ -622,7 +622,7 @@ fn register_previous_locks(
     // * There's a crate `log`.
     // * There's a crate `serde` which depends on `log`.
     //
-    // Let's say we then run `cargo update -p serde`. This may *also* want to
+    // Let's say we then run `cargo update serde`. This may *also* want to
     // update the `log` dependency as our newer version of `serde` may have a
     // new minimum version required for `log`. Now this isn't always guaranteed
     // to work. What'll happen here is we *won't* lock the `log` dependency nor

src/cargo/sources/registry/mod.rs

@@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ pub struct RegistrySource<'cfg> {
     /// yanked.
     ///
     /// This is populated from the entries in `Cargo.lock` to ensure that
-    /// `cargo update -p somepkg` won't unlock yanked entries in `Cargo.lock`.
+    /// `cargo update somepkg` won't unlock yanked entries in `Cargo.lock`.
     /// Otherwise, the resolver would think that those entries no longer
     /// exist, and it would trigger updates to unrelated packages.
     yanked_whitelist: HashSet<PackageId>,

src/doc/man/cargo-update.md

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ cargo-update --- Update dependencies as recorded in the local lock file
 
 ## SYNOPSIS
 
-`cargo update` [_options_]
+`cargo update` [_options_] _spec_
 
 ## DESCRIPTION
 
@@ -20,26 +20,26 @@ latest available versions.
 
 {{#options}}
 
-{{#option "`-p` _spec_..." "`--package` _spec_..." }}
+{{#option "_spec_..." }}
 Update only the specified packages. This flag may be specified
 multiple times. See {{man "cargo-pkgid" 1}} for the SPEC format.
 
-If packages are specified with the `-p` flag, then a conservative update of
+If packages are specified with _spec_, then a conservative update of
 the lockfile will be performed. This means that only the dependency specified
 by SPEC will be updated. Its transitive dependencies will be updated only if
 SPEC cannot be updated without updating dependencies.  All other dependencies
 will remain locked at their currently recorded versions.
 
-If `-p` is not specified, all dependencies are updated.
+If _spec_ is not specified, all dependencies are updated.
 {{/option}}
 
 {{#option "`--aggressive`" }}
-When used with `-p`, dependencies of _spec_ are forced to update as well.
+When used with _spec_, dependencies of _spec_ are forced to update as well.
 Cannot be used with `--precise`.
 {{/option}}
 
 {{#option "`--precise` _precise_" }}
-When used with `-p`, allows you to specify a specific version number to set
+When used with _spec_, allows you to specify a specific version number to set
 the package to. If the package comes from a git repository, this can be a git
 revision (such as a SHA hash or tag).
 {{/option}}
@@ -87,11 +87,11 @@ Displays what would be updated, but doesn't actually write the lockfile.
 
 2. Update only specific dependencies:
 
-       cargo update -p foo -p bar
+       cargo update foo bar
 
 3. Set a specific dependency to a specific version:
 
-       cargo update -p foo --precise 1.2.3
+       cargo update foo --precise 1.2.3
 
 ## SEE ALSO
 {{man "cargo" 1}}, {{man "cargo-generate-lockfile" 1}}

src/doc/man/generated_txt/cargo-update.txt

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ NAME
        cargo-update — Update dependencies as recorded in the local lock file
 
 SYNOPSIS
-       cargo update [options]
+       cargo update [options] spec
 
 DESCRIPTION
        This command will update dependencies in the Cargo.lock file to the
@@ -13,25 +13,25 @@ DESCRIPTION
 
 OPTIONS
    Update Options
-       -p spec…, --package spec…
+       spec…
            Update only the specified packages. This flag may be specified
            multiple times. See cargo-pkgid(1) for the SPEC format.
 
-           If packages are specified with the -p flag, then a conservative
-           update of the lockfile will be performed. This means that only the
-           dependency specified by SPEC will be updated. Its transitive
-           dependencies will be updated only if SPEC cannot be updated without
-           updating dependencies. All other dependencies will remain locked at
-           their currently recorded versions.
+           If packages are specified with spec, then a conservative update of
+           the lockfile will be performed. This means that only the dependency
+           specified by SPEC will be updated. Its transitive dependencies will
+           be updated only if SPEC cannot be updated without updating
+           dependencies. All other dependencies will remain locked at their
+           currently recorded versions.
 
-           If -p is not specified, all dependencies are updated.
+           If spec is not specified, all dependencies are updated.
 
        --aggressive
-           When used with -p, dependencies of spec are forced to update as
+           When used with spec, dependencies of spec are forced to update as
            well. Cannot be used with --precise.
 
        --precise precise
-           When used with -p, allows you to specify a specific version number
+           When used with spec, allows you to specify a specific version number
            to set the package to. If the package comes from a git repository,
            this can be a git revision (such as a SHA hash or tag).
 
@@ -155,11 +155,11 @@ EXAMPLES
 
        2. Update only specific dependencies:
 
-              cargo update -p foo -p bar
+              cargo update foo bar
 
        3. Set a specific dependency to a specific version:
 
-              cargo update -p foo --precise 1.2.3
+              cargo update foo --precise 1.2.3
 
 SEE ALSO
        cargo(1), cargo-generate-lockfile(1)

src/doc/src/commands/cargo-update.md

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ cargo-update --- Update dependencies as recorded in the local lock file
 
 ## SYNOPSIS
 
-`cargo update` [_options_]
+`cargo update` [_options_] _spec_
 
 ## DESCRIPTION
 
@@ -20,25 +20,24 @@ latest available versions.
 
 <dl>
 
-<dt class="option-term" id="option-cargo-update--p"><a class="option-anchor" href="#option-cargo-update--p"></a><code>-p</code> <em>spec</em>…</dt>
-<dt class="option-term" id="option-cargo-update---package"><a class="option-anchor" href="#option-cargo-update---package"></a><code>--package</code> <em>spec</em>…</dt>
+<dt class="option-term" id="option-cargo-update-spec…"><a class="option-anchor" href="#option-cargo-update-spec…"></a><em>spec</em>…</dt>
 <dd class="option-desc">Update only the specified packages. This flag may be specified
 multiple times. See <a href="cargo-pkgid.html">cargo-pkgid(1)</a> for the SPEC format.</p>
-<p>If packages are specified with the <code>-p</code> flag, then a conservative update of
+<p>If packages are specified with <em>spec</em>, then a conservative update of
 the lockfile will be performed. This means that only the dependency specified
 by SPEC will be updated. Its transitive dependencies will be updated only if
 SPEC cannot be updated without updating dependencies.  All other dependencies
 will remain locked at their currently recorded versions.</p>
-<p>If <code>-p</code> is not specified, all dependencies are updated.</dd>
+<p>If <em>spec</em> is not specified, all dependencies are updated.</dd>
 
 
 <dt class="option-term" id="option-cargo-update---aggressive"><a class="option-anchor" href="#option-cargo-update---aggressive"></a><code>--aggressive</code></dt>
-<dd class="option-desc">When used with <code>-p</code>, dependencies of <em>spec</em> are forced to update as well.
+<dd class="option-desc">When used with <em>spec</em>, dependencies of <em>spec</em> are forced to update as well.
 Cannot be used with <code>--precise</code>.</dd>
 
 
 <dt class="option-term" id="option-cargo-update---precise"><a class="option-anchor" href="#option-cargo-update---precise"></a><code>--precise</code> <em>precise</em></dt>
-<dd class="option-desc">When used with <code>-p</code>, allows you to specify a specific version number to set
+<dd class="option-desc">When used with <em>spec</em>, allows you to specify a specific version number to set
 the package to. If the package comes from a git repository, this can be a git
 revision (such as a SHA hash or tag).</dd>
 
@@ -187,11 +186,11 @@ details on environment variables that Cargo reads.
 
 2. Update only specific dependencies:
 
-       cargo update -p foo -p bar
+       cargo update foo bar
 
 3. Set a specific dependency to a specific version:
 
-       cargo update -p foo --precise 1.2.3
+       cargo update foo --precise 1.2.3
 
 ## SEE ALSO
 [cargo(1)](cargo.html), [cargo-generate-lockfile(1)](cargo-generate-lockfile.html)

src/doc/src/guide/cargo-toml-vs-cargo-lock.md

@@ -91,8 +91,8 @@ When we’re ready to opt in to a new version of the library, Cargo can
 re-calculate the dependencies and update things for us:
 
 ```console
-$ cargo update            # updates all dependencies
-$ cargo update -p regex   # updates just “regex”
+$ cargo update         # updates all dependencies
+$ cargo update regex   # updates just “regex”
 ```
 
 This will write out a new `Cargo.lock` with the new version information. Note

src/doc/src/reference/overriding-dependencies.md

@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ $ cargo build
 
 And that's it! You're now building with the local version of `uuid` (note the
 path in parentheses in the build output). If you don't see the local path version getting
-built then you may need to run `cargo update -p uuid --precise $version` where
+built then you may need to run `cargo update uuid --precise $version` where
 `$version` is the version of the locally checked out copy of `uuid`.
 
 Once you've fixed the bug you originally found the next thing you'll want to do

src/doc/src/reference/resolver.md

@@ -464,10 +464,10 @@ situations may require specifying unusual requirements.
   If you fail to do this, it may not be immediately obvious because Cargo can
   opportunistically choose the newest version when you run a blanket `cargo
   update`. However, if another user depends on your library, and runs `cargo
-  update -p your-library`, it will *not* automatically update "bar" if it is
+  update your-library`, it will *not* automatically update "bar" if it is
   locked in their `Cargo.lock`. It will only update "bar" in that situation if
   the dependency declaration is also updated. Failure to do so can cause
-  confusing build errors for the user using `cargo update -p`.
+  confusing build errors for the user using `cargo update your-library`.
 * If two packages are tightly coupled, then an `=` dependency requirement may
   help ensure that they stay in sync. For example, a library with a companion
   proc-macro library will sometimes make assumptions between the two libraries

src/doc/src/reference/specifying-dependencies.md

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ The string `"0.1.12"` is a version requirement. Although it looks like a
 specific *version* of the `time` crate, it actually specifies a *range* of
 versions and allows [SemVer] compatible updates. An update is allowed if the new
 version number does not modify the left-most non-zero number in the major, minor,
-patch grouping. In this case, if we ran `cargo update -p time`, cargo should
+patch grouping. In this case, if we ran `cargo update time`, cargo should
 update us to version `0.1.13` if it is the latest `0.1.z` release, but would not
 update us to `0.2.0`. If instead we had specified the version string as `1.0`,
 cargo should update to `1.1` if it is the latest `1.y` release, but not `2.0`.

src/etc/_cargo

@@ -344,7 +344,8 @@ _cargo() {
                         '--aggressive=[force dependency update]' \
                         "--dry-run[don't actually write the lockfile]" \
                         '(-p --package)'{-p+,--package=}'[specify package to update]:package:_cargo_package_names' \
-                        '--precise=[update single dependency to precise release]:release'
+                        '--precise=[update single dependency to precise release]:release' \
+                        '*:package:_cargo_package_names'
                         ;;
 
                 verify-project)

src/etc/man/cargo-update.1

@@ -6,38 +6,37 @@
 .SH "NAME"
 cargo\-update \[em] Update dependencies as recorded in the local lock file
 .SH "SYNOPSIS"
-\fBcargo update\fR [\fIoptions\fR]
+\fBcargo update\fR [\fIoptions\fR] \fIspec\fR
 .SH "DESCRIPTION"
 This command will update dependencies in the \fBCargo.lock\fR file to the latest
 version. If the \fBCargo.lock\fR file does not exist, it will be created with the
 latest available versions.
 .SH "OPTIONS"
 .SS "Update Options"
 .sp
-\fB\-p\fR \fIspec\fR\[u2026], 
-\fB\-\-package\fR \fIspec\fR\[u2026]
+\fIspec\fR\[u2026]
 .RS 4
 Update only the specified packages. This flag may be specified
 multiple times. See \fBcargo\-pkgid\fR(1) for the SPEC format.
 .sp
-If packages are specified with the \fB\-p\fR flag, then a conservative update of
+If packages are specified with \fIspec\fR, then a conservative update of
 the lockfile will be performed. This means that only the dependency specified
 by SPEC will be updated. Its transitive dependencies will be updated only if
 SPEC cannot be updated without updating dependencies.  All other dependencies
 will remain locked at their currently recorded versions.
 .sp
-If \fB\-p\fR is not specified, all dependencies are updated.
+If \fIspec\fR is not specified, all dependencies are updated.
 .RE
 .sp
 \fB\-\-aggressive\fR
 .RS 4
-When used with \fB\-p\fR, dependencies of \fIspec\fR are forced to update as well.
+When used with \fIspec\fR, dependencies of \fIspec\fR are forced to update as well.
 Cannot be used with \fB\-\-precise\fR\&.
 .RE
 .sp
 \fB\-\-precise\fR \fIprecise\fR
 .RS 4
-When used with \fB\-p\fR, allows you to specify a specific version number to set
+When used with \fIspec\fR, allows you to specify a specific version number to set
 the package to. If the package comes from a git repository, this can be a git
 revision (such as a SHA hash or tag).
 .RE
@@ -200,7 +199,7 @@ cargo update
 .sp
 .RS 4
 .nf
-cargo update \-p foo \-p bar
+cargo update foo bar
 .fi
 .RE
 .RE
@@ -210,7 +209,7 @@ cargo update \-p foo \-p bar
 .sp
 .RS 4
 .nf
-cargo update \-p foo \-\-precise 1.2.3
+cargo update foo \-\-precise 1.2.3
 .fi
 .RE
 .RE

tests/testsuite/cargo_update/help/stdout.log

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 Update dependencies as recorded in the local lock file
 
-Usage: cargo[EXE] update [OPTIONS]
+Usage: cargo[EXE] update [OPTIONS] [SPEC]...
 
 Options:
       --dry-run             Don't actually write the lockfile
@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@ Options:
   -h, --help                Print help
 
 Package Selection:
-  -w, --workspace         Only update the workspace packages
-  -p, --package [<SPEC>]  Package to update
+  -w, --workspace  Only update the workspace packages
+  [SPEC]...    Package to update
 
 Manifest Options:
       --manifest-path <PATH>  Path to Cargo.toml