Auto merge of #40939 - jseyfried:proc_macro_api, r=nrc

proc_macro: implement `TokenTree`, `TokenKind`, hygienic `quote!`, and other API

All new API is gated behind `#![feature(proc_macro)]` and may be used with `#[proc_macro]`, `#[proc_macro_attribute]`, and `#[proc_macro_derive]` procedural macros.

More specifically, this PR adds the following in `proc_macro`:
```rust
// `TokenStream` constructors:
impl TokenStream { fn empty() -> TokenStream { ... } }
impl From<TokenTree> for TokenStream { ... }
impl From<TokenKind> for TokenStream { ... }
impl<T: Into<TokenStream>> FromIterator<T> for TokenStream { ... }
macro quote($($t:tt)*) { ... } // A hygienic `TokenStream` quoter

// `TokenStream` destructuring:
impl TokenStream { fn is_empty(&self) -> bool { ... } }
impl IntoIterator for TokenStream { type Item = TokenTree; ... }

struct TokenTree { span: Span, kind: TokenKind }
impl From<TokenKind> for TokenTree { ... }
impl Display for TokenTree { ... }

struct Span { ... } // a region of source code along with expansion/hygiene information
impl Default for Span { ... } // a span from the current procedural macro definition
impl Span { fn call_site() -> Span { ... } } // the call site of the current expansion
fn quote_span(span: Span) -> TokenStream;

enum TokenKind {
    Group(Delimiter, TokenStream), // A delimited sequence, e.g. `( ... )`
    Term(Term), // a unicode identifier, lifetime ('a), or underscore
    Op(char, Spacing), // a punctuation character (`+`, `,`, `$`, etc.).
    Literal(Literal), // a literal character (`'a'`), string (`"hello"`), or number (`2.3`)
}

enum Delimiter {
    Parenthesis, // `( ... )`
    Brace, // `[ ... ]`
    Bracket, // `{ ... }`
    None, // an implicit delimiter, e.g. `$var`, where $var is  `...`.
}

struct Term { ... } // An interned string
impl Term {
    fn intern(string: &str) -> Symbol { ... }
    fn as_str(&self) -> &str { ... }
}

enum Spacing {
    Alone, // not immediately followed by another `Op`, e.g. `+` in `+ =`.
    Joint, // immediately followed by another `Op`, e.g. `+` in `+=`
}

struct Literal { ... }
impl Display for Literal { ... }
impl Literal {
    fn integer(n: i128) -> Literal { .. } // unsuffixed integer literal
    fn float(n: f64) -> Literal { .. } // unsuffixed floating point literal
    fn u8(n: u8) -> Literal { ... } // similarly: i8, u16, i16, u32, i32, u64, i64, f32, f64
    fn string(string: &str) -> Literal { ... }
    fn character(ch: char) -> Literal { ... }
    fn byte_string(bytes: &[u8]) -> Literal { ... }
}
```
For details on `quote!` hygiene, see [this example](20a9048) and [declarative macros 2.0](#40847).

r? @nrc

src/bootstrap/lib.rs

@@ -482,7 +482,9 @@ impl Build {
             }
         }
 
-        if self.config.extended && compiler.is_final_stage(self) {
+        if mode == Mode::Libstd &&
+           self.config.extended &&
+           compiler.is_final_stage(self) {
             cargo.env("RUSTC_SAVE_ANALYSIS", "api".to_string());
         }
 

src/doc/unstable-book/src/library-features/proc-macro.md

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# `proc_macro`
+
+The tracking issue for this feature is: [#38356]
+
+[#38356]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/38356
+
+------------------------

src/libproc_macro/Cargo.toml

@@ -9,3 +9,4 @@ crate-type = ["dylib"]
 
 [dependencies]
 syntax = { path = "../libsyntax" }
+syntax_pos = { path = "../libsyntax_pos" }